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Prof. Antonio Gomes Martins
Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering of Coimbra (INESCC), University of Coimbra, 3030–290 Coimbra, Portugal

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Energy Efficiency
0 Demand–side management
0 Energy policies for market transformation
0 Energy planning for sustainability
0 Smart networks and devices for intelligent use of energy resources

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Energy Efficiency
Demand–side management
Energy planning for sustainability

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Research article
Published: 08 March 2021 in International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
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One of the main goals of distributed generation (DG) is to ensure excellent quality of service, without affecting the existing protection system. This study addresses the quality of service in radial electricity networks with distributed generators and assesses the effect of additional distributed generators on the continuity of supply. It is based on a previous identification of the network locations of DG that lead to a loss of protection coordination in the occurrence of faults corresponding to critical cases. Such circumstances are scarcely analyzed in the literature. The proposed methodology is based on a 2‐fold approach and uses an analytical method and a Monte Carlo simulation to study the behavior of an IEEE test network. Two situations, one without and one with distributed generators, are compared and analyzed. The load power and generation capacity values of the distributed injections were assumed to be constant for the purpose of simplification. Studying the worst‐case scenario of the impact of DG on the quality of service of the network can help support the distribution network operator when making investment‐related decisions for the protection system. The obtained results demonstrate the impact of DG on the quality of service of the distribution network. Small capacity additions at locations that are not identified as critical may improve the quality of service. On the other hand, a worse performance is observed when generation additions corresponding to the critical cases cause a loss of coordination in the existing protection system.

ACS Style

Patrícia Santos e Abreu; António Gomes Martins. Evaluation of service quality of distribution systems with critically located generators. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, e12852 .

AMA Style

Patrícia Santos e Abreu, António Gomes Martins. Evaluation of service quality of distribution systems with critically located generators. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; ():e12852.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrícia Santos e Abreu; António Gomes Martins. 2021. "Evaluation of service quality of distribution systems with critically located generators." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems , no. : e12852.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2018 in Energies
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The Portuguese Electricity Demand-Side Efficiency Promotion Plan (PPEC) is a voluntary financial mechanism, under which several entities, among them electric utilities, may submit proposals of measures aiming at the reduction of electricity consumption or load management. It is one of the alternative options followed by the Portuguese government to the Energy Efficiency Obligations (EEO) stated in Article 7 of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive. A brief review is presented of the state of the implementation of Article 7 in EU. PPEC is one of the schemes that provide financial support to the implementation of measures whose results contribute to the commitments made under the Portuguese National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP), the framework under which the alternatives to the EEO were designed. In the first edition of the PPEC, only three energy services were addressed, while, in the most recent PPEC edition, the sixth, measures addressed nine energy services. In addition, the co-funding by participating consumers and other agents has increased, raising the investment in energy efficiency from actors other than the program administrator. PPEC, although a voluntary mechanism, has proven to be a very competitive one, involving an increasing number of economic agents, measures and addressed energy services.

ACS Style

Jose L. Sousa; António G. Martins. Portuguese Plan for Promoting Efficiency of Electricity End-Use: Policy, Methodology and Consumer Participation. Energies 2018, 11, 1137 .

AMA Style

Jose L. Sousa, António G. Martins. Portuguese Plan for Promoting Efficiency of Electricity End-Use: Policy, Methodology and Consumer Participation. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose L. Sousa; António G. Martins. 2018. "Portuguese Plan for Promoting Efficiency of Electricity End-Use: Policy, Methodology and Consumer Participation." Energies 11, no. 5: 1137.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Energy
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ACS Style

Vivek Kumar Singh; Carla Oliveira Henriques; António Gomes Martins. Fostering investment on energy efficient appliances in India–A multi-perspective economic input-output lifecycle assessment. Energy 2018, 149, 1022 -1035.

AMA Style

Vivek Kumar Singh, Carla Oliveira Henriques, António Gomes Martins. Fostering investment on energy efficient appliances in India–A multi-perspective economic input-output lifecycle assessment. Energy. 2018; 149 ():1022-1035.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vivek Kumar Singh; Carla Oliveira Henriques; António Gomes Martins. 2018. "Fostering investment on energy efficient appliances in India–A multi-perspective economic input-output lifecycle assessment." Energy 149, no. : 1022-1035.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Highlights•An improved genetic algorithm for electrical energy storage allocation was proposed.•Implications of different charge/discharge profiles in the distribution network.•Proposed methodology for distributed electric energy storage system(DEESS) assessment.•Regulatory framework for energy storage integration within energy markets.•Pricing options for balancing intermittent renewable production and energy storage AbstractThis paper presents a methodology to provide a decision maker, e.g. the distribution system operator, information on the associated impacts of the operation of distributed electric energy storage systems (ESS1) in an urban environment, in order to support the choice of the best locations of storage units. The developed methodology uses three types of profile prototypes based on actual data, obtained through clustering techniques. These profiles, which include electricity demand, electricity prices and renewable electricity production, are used to optimize the placement of electric energy storage units. The paper considers expected attitudes of the main stakeholders towards distributed electric ESS implementation, and discusses possible regulatory framework options to define the distributed electric ESS business model.The model was applied to a case study using the nanophosphate lithium-ion battery technology as an example. Results show a significant influence of the charge/discharge profile of batteries on the choice of their best locations.

ACS Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves; Antonio Gomes Martins; Luís Neves. Methodology for real impact assessment of the best location of distributed electric energy storage. Sustainable Cities and Society 2016, 26, 531 -542.

AMA Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves, Antonio Gomes Martins, Luís Neves. Methodology for real impact assessment of the best location of distributed electric energy storage. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2016; 26 ():531-542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves; Antonio Gomes Martins; Luís Neves. 2016. "Methodology for real impact assessment of the best location of distributed electric energy storage." Sustainable Cities and Society 26, no. : 531-542.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Highlights•Dynamic data classification for smart grid evaluation studies.•Clustering daily prototypes of price, consumption and renewable generation profiles.•Support to energy storage and energy management systems simulation.•Hierarchical and artificial neural network methods for network data clustering.•Development of prototypes based on yearly electrical network data. AbstractThe objective of this work is to obtain characteristic daily profiles of consumption, wind generation and electricity spot prices, needed to develop assessments of two different options commonly regarded under the smart grid paradigm: residential demand response, and small scale distributed electric energy storage. The approach consists of applying clustering algorithms to historical data, namely using a hierarchical method and a self-organizing neural network, in order to obtain clusters of diagrams representing characteristic daily diagrams of load, wind generation or electricity price. These diagrams are useful not only to analyze different scenarios of combined existence, but also to understand their individual relative importance. This study enabled also the identification of a probable range of variation around an average profile, by defining boundary profiles with the maximum and minimum values of any cluster prototypes.

ACS Style

Pedro Miguel; José Gonçalves; Luís Pires Neves; Antonio Gomes Martins. Using clustering techniques to provide simulation scenarios for the smart grid. Sustainable Cities and Society 2016, 26, 447 -455.

AMA Style

Pedro Miguel, José Gonçalves, Luís Pires Neves, Antonio Gomes Martins. Using clustering techniques to provide simulation scenarios for the smart grid. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2016; 26 ():447-455.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Miguel; José Gonçalves; Luís Pires Neves; Antonio Gomes Martins. 2016. "Using clustering techniques to provide simulation scenarios for the smart grid." Sustainable Cities and Society 26, no. : 447-455.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Solar Energy
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During the next decades the refurbishment of old buildings will be an essential way to contribute to the global improvement of buildings energy performance indicators. Within this context, the present paper is focused on the use of electrochromic (EC) windows, an emerging technology alternative to shading devices, to control solar gains in buildings located in Mediterranean climates. The optical properties adjustments of the EC glasses are discussed based on the incident solar radiation. The ESP-r building energy simulation software was used to study the energy savings resulting from the application of electrochromic windows, considering the comparison of several windows solutions (single, double-glazing and EC windows) and windows orientations (East, South and West). In addition, different transition ranges for the optical properties of the EC glasses are assessed through the analysis of the energy needs for space heating and cooling. The main conclusion is that EC technology is an effective option in cooling dominated buildings. The impact of EC windows is highly dependent on facade orientation, being a valid option particularly in the cases of the East and West facades. For these facades, the control set point found to be effective corresponds to an incident solar radiation on the glass of 150 W/m2 to impose a total coloured state. For the South facade the results show no significant advantage of using EC windows.

ACS Style

Paulo Tavares; Hermano Bernardo; Adélio Gaspar; Antonio Gomes Martins. Control criteria of electrochromic glasses for energy savings in mediterranean buildings refurbishment. Solar Energy 2016, 134, 236 -250.

AMA Style

Paulo Tavares, Hermano Bernardo, Adélio Gaspar, Antonio Gomes Martins. Control criteria of electrochromic glasses for energy savings in mediterranean buildings refurbishment. Solar Energy. 2016; 134 ():236-250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Tavares; Hermano Bernardo; Adélio Gaspar; Antonio Gomes Martins. 2016. "Control criteria of electrochromic glasses for energy savings in mediterranean buildings refurbishment." Solar Energy 134, no. : 236-250.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2015 in International Journal of Sustainable Energy
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This paper presents a methodology to provide information to a decision maker on the associated impacts, both of economic and technical nature, of possible management schemes of storage units for choosing the best location of distributed storage devices, with a multiobjective optimisation approach based on genetic algorithms. The methodology was applied to a case study, a known distribution network model in which the installation of distributed storage units was tested, using lithium-ion batteries. The obtained results show a significant influence of the charging/discharging profile of batteries on the choice of their best location, as well as the relevance that these choices may have for the different network management objectives, for example, for reducing network energy losses or minimising voltage deviations. Results also show a difficult cost-effectiveness of an energy-only service, with the tested systems, both due to capital cost and due to the efficiency of conversion.

ACS Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves; Luís Pires Neves; António Gomes Martins. Multiobjective assessment of distributed energy storage location in electricity networks. International Journal of Sustainable Energy 2015, 36, 1 -15.

AMA Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves, Luís Pires Neves, António Gomes Martins. Multiobjective assessment of distributed energy storage location in electricity networks. International Journal of Sustainable Energy. 2015; 36 (6):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves; Luís Pires Neves; António Gomes Martins. 2015. "Multiobjective assessment of distributed energy storage location in electricity networks." International Journal of Sustainable Energy 36, no. 6: 1-15.

Book chapter
Published: 17 March 2015 in Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV
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The perception of the associated impacts among possible management schemes introduces a new way to assess energy storage systems. The ability to define a specific management scheme considering the different stakeholder objectives, both technical and economic, will increase the perception of available installation options. This paper presents a multiobjective feasibility assessment methodology using an improved version of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, to optimize the placement of electric energy storage units in order to improve the operation of distribution networks. The model is applied to a case study, using lithium-ion battery technology as an example. The results show the influence of different charging/discharging profiles on the choice of the best battery location, as well as the influence that these choices may have on the different network management objectives, e.g. increasing the integration of renewable generation. As an additional outcome, the authors propose a pricing scheme for filling the present regulatory gap regarding the pricing scheme to be applied to energy storage in order to allow the exploitation of viable business models.

ACS Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves; Luís Pires Neves; António Gomes Martins. Multiobjective Methodology for Assessing the Location of Distributed Electric Energy Storage. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2015, 9028, 227 -238.

AMA Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves, Luís Pires Neves, António Gomes Martins. Multiobjective Methodology for Assessing the Location of Distributed Electric Energy Storage. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2015; 9028 ():227-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José António Ribeiro Gonçalves; Luís Pires Neves; António Gomes Martins. 2015. "Multiobjective Methodology for Assessing the Location of Distributed Electric Energy Storage." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 9028, no. : 227-238.

Book chapter
Published: 06 March 2015 in Eco-Efficient Materials for Mitigating Building Cooling Needs
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The process of building rehabilitation is usually strongly constrained regarding morphological changes, particularly in the cases of historic or classified buildings. Therefore, in the present chapter the emerging technology of electrochromic (EC) windows is studied, using building energy simulation to assess the effects on energy efficiency in buildings. The phenomena associated with the current state of EC device technology are described, and their potential future trends are discussed. The validation of control procedures for commercially available EC windows is carried out using the ESP-r simulator, using a case study building to be rehabilitated (Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Coimbra) through the analysis of the impact of EC technology on energy consumption and thermal comfort. The methodology designed to assess the use of EC windows begins with the calculation, through simulation for a reference case with single glazing windows, of the solar gains and the internal gains of each space, for both heating and cooling seasons, followed by the estimation of the energy savings that result from the application of EC windows. From the results it is concluded that EC windows are an effective solution to the problems associated with the control of solar gain in the east and west façades. The use of EC windows will reduce the annual energy needs, which is clearly an advantage in the cooling season. Generally, it is concluded that the use of EC windows must be defined according to the type of building, or even space, particularly depending on the occupation and the overall internal gains, on the façade characteristics, orientation, and the shading influence of neighboring buildings.

ACS Style

P.F. Tavares; A.R. Gaspar; Antonio Gomes Martins; F. Frontini. The impact of electrochromic windows on the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates. Eco-Efficient Materials for Mitigating Building Cooling Needs 2015, 499 -524.

AMA Style

P.F. Tavares, A.R. Gaspar, Antonio Gomes Martins, F. Frontini. The impact of electrochromic windows on the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates. Eco-Efficient Materials for Mitigating Building Cooling Needs. 2015; ():499-524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.F. Tavares; A.R. Gaspar; Antonio Gomes Martins; F. Frontini. 2015. "The impact of electrochromic windows on the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates." Eco-Efficient Materials for Mitigating Building Cooling Needs , no. : 499-524.

Book
Published: 01 January 2015 in EMSURE: energy and mobility for sustainable regions
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ACS Style

António Gomes Martins; Liliana Gonçalves; João Miranda. EMSURE: energy and mobility for sustainable regions. EMSURE: energy and mobility for sustainable regions 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

António Gomes Martins, Liliana Gonçalves, João Miranda. EMSURE: energy and mobility for sustainable regions. EMSURE: energy and mobility for sustainable regions. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Gomes Martins; Liliana Gonçalves; João Miranda. 2015. "EMSURE: energy and mobility for sustainable regions." EMSURE: energy and mobility for sustainable regions , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2014 in Electric Power Systems Research
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ACS Style

Pedro Miguel; Luís Pires Neves; Antonio Gomes Martins. Methodology to simulate the impact of a large deployment of a residential energy management system in the electricity grid. Electric Power Systems Research 2014, 116, 399 -407.

AMA Style

Pedro Miguel, Luís Pires Neves, Antonio Gomes Martins. Methodology to simulate the impact of a large deployment of a residential energy management system in the electricity grid. Electric Power Systems Research. 2014; 116 ():399-407.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Miguel; Luís Pires Neves; Antonio Gomes Martins. 2014. "Methodology to simulate the impact of a large deployment of a residential energy management system in the electricity grid." Electric Power Systems Research 116, no. : 399-407.

Book chapter
Published: 14 September 2014 in World Sustainability Series
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The University of Coimbra has been implementing several projects and activities towards sustainability, including advanced educational programmes in the framework of its Energy for Sustainability Initiative. This paper presents a Sustainable Development Management System tailored for the University of Coimbra (UC), to prepare the next institutional step towards a systematic planning and management approach to sustainable campus development. The term sustainable campus is introduced and defined for the UC. A framework to foster sustainability at the campus of UC is proposed and a management system is designed. The management system adapts the existing ISO14001 standard to manage campus environmental issues, in combination with a number of indicators of the STARS assessment system to also cover educational and social aspects of a sustainable campus. 27 STARS indicators of the STARS categories Academic and Engagement are analysed. Thereby, STARS indicators are applied to a “plan, do, check, act” management cycle. Applying the STARS indicators facilitates the recording to submit a STARS report for rating purposes.

ACS Style

Maximilian Karl Votteler; Antonio Gomes Martins. A Sustainable Development Management System for the University of Coimbra. World Sustainability Series 2014, 361 -373.

AMA Style

Maximilian Karl Votteler, Antonio Gomes Martins. A Sustainable Development Management System for the University of Coimbra. World Sustainability Series. 2014; ():361-373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maximilian Karl Votteler; Antonio Gomes Martins. 2014. "A Sustainable Development Management System for the University of Coimbra." World Sustainability Series , no. : 361-373.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2014 in Energy Policy
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ACS Style

António Manuel Almeida; Antonio Gomes Martins. Efficient lighting in buildings: The lack of legislation in Portugal. Energy Policy 2014, 67, 82 -86.

AMA Style

António Manuel Almeida, Antonio Gomes Martins. Efficient lighting in buildings: The lack of legislation in Portugal. Energy Policy. 2014; 67 ():82-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Manuel Almeida; Antonio Gomes Martins. 2014. "Efficient lighting in buildings: The lack of legislation in Portugal." Energy Policy 67, no. : 82-86.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2013 in Energy Policy
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Old buildings refurbishment is essential for the global improvement of building energy indicators. Within this context, the paper focuses on the energy savings that may occur when using electrochromic (EC) windows, an interesting emerging technology alternative to shading devices to control solar gain in buildings located in Mediterranean climates. The EC windows technology is briefly presented and the optical properties adjustments of the glasses are discussed according to the operated range. The EC window dynamic behavior and the different control strategies are modeled and implemented in the ESP-r building simulation program. The EC window impact in the energy needs for heating and cooling is studied, considering different ambient parameters (exterior dry bulb temperature, interior dry bulb temperature and incident radiation) and set points for the EC control. A comparison of several windows solutions (single, double-glazing and EC windows), the type of building, internal gains from occupancy, lighting and equipment and the orientation of windows are considered for discussion through the analysis of the energy needs for heating and cooling. It is concluded that for this climate the best positive results are obtained when the EC are used in the west façade. For the south façade the results show no significant advantages in using EC windows.

ACS Style

P.F. Tavares; A.R. Gaspar; A.G. Martins; F. Frontini. Evaluation of electrochromic windows impact in the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates. Energy Policy 2013, 67, 68 -81.

AMA Style

P.F. Tavares, A.R. Gaspar, A.G. Martins, F. Frontini. Evaluation of electrochromic windows impact in the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates. Energy Policy. 2013; 67 ():68-81.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.F. Tavares; A.R. Gaspar; A.G. Martins; F. Frontini. 2013. "Evaluation of electrochromic windows impact in the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates." Energy Policy 67, no. : 68-81.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2013 in Energy
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ACS Style

José Luis Sousa; António Gomes Martins; Humberto Jorge. Dealing with the paradox of energy efficiency promotion by electric utilities. Energy 2013, 57, 251 -258.

AMA Style

José Luis Sousa, António Gomes Martins, Humberto Jorge. Dealing with the paradox of energy efficiency promotion by electric utilities. Energy. 2013; 57 ():251-258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luis Sousa; António Gomes Martins; Humberto Jorge. 2013. "Dealing with the paradox of energy efficiency promotion by electric utilities." Energy 57, no. : 251-258.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2013 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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ACS Style

José Luís Sousa; Antonio Gomes Martins; Humberto M. Jorge. World-wide non-mandatory involvement of electricity utilities in the promotion of energy efficiency and the Portuguese experience. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013, 22, 319 -331.

AMA Style

José Luís Sousa, Antonio Gomes Martins, Humberto M. Jorge. World-wide non-mandatory involvement of electricity utilities in the promotion of energy efficiency and the Portuguese experience. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013; 22 ():319-331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luís Sousa; Antonio Gomes Martins; Humberto M. Jorge. 2013. "World-wide non-mandatory involvement of electricity utilities in the promotion of energy efficiency and the Portuguese experience." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 22, no. : 319-331.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2012 in Energy Policy
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ACS Style

José Luís Sousa; Antonio Gomes Martins; Humberto M. Jorge. Societal objectives as drivers in the search for criteria weights when ranking energy efficiency measures. Energy Policy 2012, 48, 562 -575.

AMA Style

José Luís Sousa, Antonio Gomes Martins, Humberto M. Jorge. Societal objectives as drivers in the search for criteria weights when ranking energy efficiency measures. Energy Policy. 2012; 48 ():562-575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Luís Sousa; Antonio Gomes Martins; Humberto M. Jorge. 2012. "Societal objectives as drivers in the search for criteria weights when ranking energy efficiency measures." Energy Policy 48, no. : 562-575.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2012 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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This paper presents the results of an Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II) enhanced with local search for computing solutions to a multi-objective reactive power compensation model. NSGA II has revealed a good performance in comparison with other multi-objective evolutionary algorithms also tested to tackle this problem. This performance is still improved using a local search scheme within NSGA II, which is specially tailored to the problem characteristics. The use of local search within the NSGA II operational framework in this complex combinatorial problem improves convergence towards the non-dominated front and ensures that the solutions attained are well spread over it. A comparative study is presented between the results obtained using a standard NSGA II based approach and the enhanced NSGA II approach with local search, to provide decision support in the VAR planning problem in radial electric distribution systems. The model explicitly considers two objective functions concerning economical and operational evaluation aspects.

ACS Style

Dulce Fernão Pires; Carlos Henggeler Antunes; António Gomes Martins. NSGA-II with local search for a multi-objective reactive power compensation problem. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2012, 43, 313 -324.

AMA Style

Dulce Fernão Pires, Carlos Henggeler Antunes, António Gomes Martins. NSGA-II with local search for a multi-objective reactive power compensation problem. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2012; 43 (1):313-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dulce Fernão Pires; Carlos Henggeler Antunes; António Gomes Martins. 2012. "NSGA-II with local search for a multi-objective reactive power compensation problem." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 43, no. 1: 313-324.

Conference paper
Published: 01 May 2012 in 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST)
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The ongoing transformation of electric grids into smart grids provides the technological basis to implement demand-sensitive pricing strategies aimed at using the electric power infrastructure more efficiently. These strategies, also designated by demand response [1], already proved to be effective in altering patterns of electricity usage [2-6], and create benefits not only for end users (by lowering their electricity bill without degrading comfort levels), but also for the utilities (by managing the peak, flattening the aggregate demand curve, and meeting supply with demand) and the environment (by avoiding, or delaying, building new generation units and other network infrastructures). In fact, demand-sensitive pricing of electricity is expected to become the standard pricing mechanism in smart grids [3, 7, 8] and is considered essential to accelerate the deployment of variable renewable generation while maintaining electric system security and reliability at least cost [9].

ACS Style

Marta Lopes; C. H. Antunes; Ana Soares; A. Carreiro; F. Rodrigues; D. Livengood; Luís Pires Neves; Humberto Jorge; Alvaro Gomes; Antonio Gomes Martins; Luis Dias; Paulo Pereirinha; João Pedro Trovão; R. Larson; W. L. Leow; A. Monica; Armando Oliveira; Maria Sao Joao Breda; R. Viegas; P. Peixoto. An automated energy management system in a smart grid context. 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST) 2012, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Marta Lopes, C. H. Antunes, Ana Soares, A. Carreiro, F. Rodrigues, D. Livengood, Luís Pires Neves, Humberto Jorge, Alvaro Gomes, Antonio Gomes Martins, Luis Dias, Paulo Pereirinha, João Pedro Trovão, R. Larson, W. L. Leow, A. Monica, Armando Oliveira, Maria Sao Joao Breda, R. Viegas, P. Peixoto. An automated energy management system in a smart grid context. 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). 2012; ():1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Lopes; C. H. Antunes; Ana Soares; A. Carreiro; F. Rodrigues; D. Livengood; Luís Pires Neves; Humberto Jorge; Alvaro Gomes; Antonio Gomes Martins; Luis Dias; Paulo Pereirinha; João Pedro Trovão; R. Larson; W. L. Leow; A. Monica; Armando Oliveira; Maria Sao Joao Breda; R. Viegas; P. Peixoto. 2012. "An automated energy management system in a smart grid context." 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST) , no. : 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2011 in Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice
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Educational competencies represent learning objectives and are used to plan educational programs, develop curricula, and assess existing programs, among other functions. After reviewing the literature and offerings at more than 20 universities, the existence of a comprehensive set of educational competencies in the area of energy and sustainability was not identified. This paper motivates and presents model competencies for graduate education programs in the energy and sustainability area, which is called Energy for Sustainability (EfS). Energy for Sustainability follows from the perspective that the provision of energy is a key element in promoting the goals of sustainability. The nature and use of competencies in education planning and assessment is reviewed, and recommendations for model competencies for two EfS specialties, “Buildings and Urban Environments” and “Energy Systems and Policy,” are presented. Competencies are prioritized, and their use in developing new multidisciplinary master’s and doctoral programs at the University of Coimbra is discussed. The competencies promote a wide range of understanding and capabilities aimed at the technical, economical, social, and institutional factors needed to manage and transition current energy systems towards the goals of sustainability.

ACS Style

Stuart A. Batterman; António G. Martins; Carlos Henggeler Antunes; Fausto Freire; Manuel Gameiro Da Silva. Development and Application of Competencies for Graduate Programs in Energy and Sustainability. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 2011, 137, 198 -207.

AMA Style

Stuart A. Batterman, António G. Martins, Carlos Henggeler Antunes, Fausto Freire, Manuel Gameiro Da Silva. Development and Application of Competencies for Graduate Programs in Energy and Sustainability. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. 2011; 137 (4):198-207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stuart A. Batterman; António G. Martins; Carlos Henggeler Antunes; Fausto Freire; Manuel Gameiro Da Silva. 2011. "Development and Application of Competencies for Graduate Programs in Energy and Sustainability." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 137, no. 4: 198-207.