Traffic accidents have become a pressing global public health concern, contributing to millions of deaths and injuries each year. Similar to many countries, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is facing significant challenges to overcome the burden of traffic-related injuries and fatalities, prompting the need for effective intervention measures. With the latest advances in sensor fusions, detection, and communication technologies, Automated Traffic Enforcement Systems (ATES) have gained widespread popularity as a solution to improve road safety by ensuring compliance with traffic laws. The objective of this study is to review the effectiveness of ATES in reducing traffic accidents and improving road safety and to identify the challenges and prospects it faced during its implementation. This review uses a detailed overview of different types of ATES deployment, including speed cameras, red-light cameras, and mobile enforcement units, and a comparison between global case studies and local research findings, with special emphasis on the context of Saudi Arabia. This study uses a systematic literature review methodology, using the PRISMA 2020 Protocol, and conducts a scientific literature database search using specific keywords. This study finds that ATES has emerged as an effective tool to ensure traffic compliance and improve overall traffic safety and that various ATES devices have been profoundly effective in reducing traffic crashes. This review concludes that ATES can be an effective solution to improve road safety, but ongoing evaluations and adjustments are necessary to address public perceptions and ensure equitable enforcement.

Road traffic accidents pose a significant global public health and economic challenge. In Saudi Arabia, rapid motorization and urbanization have contributed to one of the world’s highest traffic fatality rates. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Saher traffic enforcement system in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) by gathering insights from road safety experts through structured questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicate that Saher has improved traffic law compliance and enhanced perceptions of road safety. Key accident causes include driver distractions, speeding, and sudden lane changes, with younger drivers being disproportionately involved. Experts recommend expanding Saher’s capabilities by addressing violations like aggressive driving and increasing coverage of cameras, with responses of 21% and 25%, respectively. They also stress the need for better highway coverage, with a response of 32%. Proposed strategies include integrating the Saher system into urban planning, combining automated enforcement with public education, and enhancing traffic infrastructure, such as signage and signal systems. This study offers actionable insights for policymakers to improve road safety and promote sustainable urban mobility in Saudi Arabia.

Road traffic accidents pose a significant global public health and economic challenge. In Saudi Arabia, rapid motorization and urbanization have contributed to one of the world’s highest traffic fatality rates. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Saher traffic enforcement system in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) by gathering insights from road safety experts through structured questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicate that Saher has improved traffic law compliance and enhanced perceptions of road safety. Key accident causes include driver distractions, speeding, and sudden lane changes, with younger drivers being disproportionately involved. Experts recommend expanding Saher’s capabilities by increasing camera numbers, strategically rotating their locations, and addressing violations like aggressive driving. They also stress the need for better coverage near schools and high pedestrian zones. Proposed strategies include integrating Saher into urban planning, combining automated enforcement with public education, and enhancing traffic infrastructure, such as signage and signal systems. This study offers actionable insights for policymakers to improve road safety and promote sustainable urban mobility in Saudi Arabia.

Road traffic accidents are a major global challenge, causing significant public health and economic burdens. In Saudi Arabia, the rapid increase in motorization and urbanization has led to one of the world's highest traffic fatality rates. This study examines the effectiveness of the SAHER traffic enforcement system in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) using insights from 23 road safety experts through structured questionnaires and interviews. The analysis highlights that SAHER has improved compliance with traffic laws and enhanced road safety perceptions but remains limited in its scope and coverage. Key findings identify driver distractions, speeding, and sudden lane changes as the leading causes of accidents, with younger drivers disproportionately involved. Experts emphasize the need for enhancements to SAHER, including increasing the number and strategic rotation of cameras, addressing additional violations such as aggressive driving, and improving coverage near schools and high-pedestrian areas. Recommendations include integrating SAHER into future urban planning, combining automated enforcement with public education campaigns, and improving traffic infrastructure, such as signage and signal operations. This study provides valuable insights into the role of automated enforcement in improving road safety and offers actionable strategies for policymakers to address traffic-related challenges and promote sustainable urban mobility in Saudi Arabia.

Sea level rise (SLR) and coastal flooding are critical climate‐induced impacts affecting coastal regions, further compounded by rapid urbanization and climate change. In Saudi Arabia, although over 3100 km2 of coastal areas are situated at 1 m elevation, little is known about the expected SLR, and its impacts remain uncertain. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by forecasting SLR‐susceptible zones in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) and proposing necessary adaptation measures. The study utilized satellite imagery and GIS data to compare DMAʹs coastal shoreline in 2014 and 2022, simulate SLR scenarios, and identify potential flood zones based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections. The results indicate that at 0.6 m SLR, 21 km2 of Half‐Moon residential district could experience flooding, while at 1.1 m SLR, 83 km2 of DMA’s total land area could be susceptible to SLR and coastal flooding. The socioeconomic and environmental implications of SLR include flood risks, threats to public health, and infrastructure damage. Therefore, adaptation strategies, such as constructing dikes, seawalls, and accommodations are recommended for SLR‐susceptible zones. The study concludes by advocating for policies that restrict coastal reclamation and related climate change‐induced activities to mitigate the forecasted impacts of SLR and coastal flooding in the study area. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential impacts of SLR on Saudi Arabia’s coastal regions and inform the development of effective adaptation measures to mitigate these impacts.