Understanding the spatial distribution patterns of soil organic carbon components in Ecological Vegetative Slopes (EVS) is crucial for optimizing restoration strategies, enhancing soil carbon sequestration capacity, and scientifically evaluating rehabilitation effectiveness. It is an important pathway for promoting sustainable development. This study investigated the effects of slope gradient, slope position, vegetation type, and cement content on the spatial distribution characteristics of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and its components (readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) through slope model experiments and laboratory analyses. The key findings revealed that (1) TOC, ROC, and DOC concentrations decreased with increasing slope gradient and upper slope positions, with steeper slopes amplifying positional effects and exhibiting surface-layer accumulation characteristics. (2) The highest TOC, ROC, and DOC content was achieved in the mixed planting slope with Bermudagrass and Magnolia under a substrate thickness of 3 cm and 3% cement content. Lastly, (3) soil pH increased with the slope gradient and upper positions, showing systematic variations across vegetation types and cement contents. Comparative analysis demonstrated that optimizing vegetation composition and cement dosage effectively enhanced SOC accumulation, while slope gradient and position dominated the spatial heterogeneity of carbon distribution. These results provide theoretical and practical guidance for the precision management of slope ecological restoration. These findings provide robust data support for the ecological sustainability of engineering slope restoration and the enhancement of soil carbon storage.

Carbon fiber heating technology has been widely used in pavement surfaces in practical engineering projects as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe ice melting technique. However, the current design of carbon fiber-heated pavement focuses primarily on the ice melting effect while neglecting the crucial mechanical performance evaluation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the temperature and thermal strain distributions of concrete pavement through model tests and develop a corresponding three-dimensional numerical model to analyze the temperature stress field distribution of carbon fiber-heated pavement. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by comparing the model test results with the numerical analysis results. The numerical model test results indicate that the maximum compressive stress near the carbon fiber wire is 4 MPa, while the maximum tensile stress between the two carbon fiber wires is 1 MPa. According to the design standard for highway cement concrete pavement, the temperature stress induced by temperature change is significantly lower than the design value of the material’s inherent strength. In addition, a linear relationship between the depth and temperature gradient affecting temperature stress is observed after establishing a correlation between the temperature gradient and temperature stress. The findings of this study can provide valuable insight into the design of carbon fiber-heated concrete pavements.

As a shallow geothermal energy development technology, energy pile contributes to sustainable development. The seepage effect has a positive effect on the heat transfer performance of the energy pile, and the heat transfer efficiency of the energy pile can also be improved by optimizing the operation strategy. Combined with the structural characteristics of the deep-buried energy pile, the heat transfer characteristics of the deep-buried energy pile are analyzed under continuous and intermittent operation conditions, and the effect of seepage on the heat transfer performance is further investigated under the intermittent operation mode. The results show that the long-term operation of the deep-buried energy pile will reduce its heat exchange performance and aggravate the heat accumulation phenomenon inside the pile body, and the intermittent operation can maintain a higher instantaneous heat exchange rate (HER) in the long-term operation compared with the continuous operation. Considering the energy demand, when the intermittent ratio is 5, the average HER of the pile body only decreases by 68.93 W, and the overall energy efficiency of the pile body is improved by 7.7%. Combined with the operating effects of different intermittent ratios, the optimal range of the circulating medium flow rate for deep buried pipe energy piles should be selected from 1.0 m³/h to 1.2 m³/h. Groundwater seepage can weaken the degree of heat accumulation inside the DBP-EP piles and improve the overall heat exchange efficiency of DBP-EP, and combined with the intermittent operation mode will be able to further alleviate the DBP-EP heat buildup. The two factors promote each other and have a positive impact on the piles, positively affecting the soil’s long-term heat exchange.

Rational and effective utilization of rainfall is crucial to vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction for engineering slopes. However, plant and vegetated concrete considerably affect soil water distribution and rainfall replenishment, which is rarely accounted for in current studies. To this end, the effects of plant and vegetated concrete on spatiotemporal distribution and soil water recharge were explored. First, four field model slopes were constructed to monitor soil water content. The spatiotemporal variations and distribution characteristics of soil water under different restoration modes were analyzed. The indicators including amount, efficiency, and threshold of soil water recharge in ecological slopes were assessed. At last, the effects of plant and vegetated concrete on the spatiotemporal distribution and recharge characteristics of soil water were discussed. Results showed that ecological restoration alters spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and reduces soil water content of engineering slopes. During rainfall process, ecological restoration extends the lag time but increases amount and efficiency of rainfall replenishment. Comparably, ecological shrub slope gains the highest lag time and rainfall threshold. Cynodon dactylon is superior to Magnolia multiflora in raising rainfall replenishment capacity. Additionally, vegetated concrete enhances rainfall replenishment efficiency by altering soil properties and interacting with plants. This study deepened the understanding of hydrological effects of ecological restoration on slopes and provided a theoretical basis for ensuring sustainable slope management.

Spring is the optimal season for the ecological restoration of slopes. Addressing the response of soil water to spring rainfall is crucial to constructing a suitable hydrothermal environment for plant growth. In this study, three model slopes under different vegetation covers were constructed to measure soil water content during the spring. The accumulated increment in soil water (AISW), the growth rate of the soil water content rate (GRSW), the soil water recharge amount (∆SW), and the response time (T_r) of soil water were introduced to analyze its response to different spring rainfall events. The effects of vegetation and rainfall intensity were discussed. The results indicate that Cynodon dactylon mainly regulates surface soil water (0–20 cm), with a rapid and significant response in shallow soil. Magnolia multiflora is more effective in regulating deeper soil water (40–100 cm), especially during heavy rainfall, where shrubs enhance water infiltration into deeper layers. This study further demonstrates that increased rainfall intensity exacerbates the differences in water distribution between vegetation types. The combined effect of the canopy and root structure is crucial for water redistribution.

Tunnel drilling and blasting will cause large vibrations in the surrounding rock and structures. This vibration effect weakens the rock, greatly threatening the surrounding rock’s structural integrity and the safety of tunnel construction. Based on an analysis of the status quo of rock blasting, this study performs on-site monitoring of blasting vibration and examines the characteristics of the vibration velocity in the tunnel’s surrounding rock. A load-time history diagram is used to establish a three-dimensional numerical model of the tunnel to analyze the distribution characteristics of the vibration velocity. The applicability of the model is verified by field monitoring data. The simulation revealed a maximum vertical vibration velocity of 48.6 cm/s near the blast source. The response of the rock mass to the blasting load is analyzed at each key position, and the particle vibration velocity law is studied. On this basis, the corresponding Sadovsky formula is thus derived, which can be used to determine the site coefficient, K, and the attenuation exponent, α (with values ranging from 1.268 at the arch waist to 1.594 at the vault and invert), and to predict the vibration velocity in the far blasting area. The maximum charge dose and safety distance are derived under different control standards based on these data. For a control standard of 15 cm/s and a maximum charge of 20 kg, the required safety distance was determined to be 11.8 m. The findings can contribute to blasting scheme design and enhance the security management of construction sites.