Background: Smoking during pregnancy continues to be a prevalent behavior in many countries, which requires smoking cessation intervention programs. The aim of this study was to investigate individual, family, and primary healthcare aspects that may influence continued smoking during pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 413 pregnant women registered with 50 General Practitioners (GPs) in Târgu Mureş County. Women voluntarily provided data to complete a questionnaire about socio-demographic, tobacco consumption, level of understanding of the risk of smoking during pregnancy, smoking in the family environment, and their own perception of the approach to smoking in primary healthcare. GPs facilitated the participation of patients in the study and offered logistical support for the data collection sessions held in their offices. Results: revealed that 49.39% of participants smoked before pregnancy, and 39.22% continued smoking during pregnancy. Continued smoking was significantly associated with having family members who smoked (OR = 8.83; 95% CI: 2.89–26.91) and a lack of anti-smoking informational materials at GP offices (OR = 5.68; 95% CI: 1.45–22.19). Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical role of family and primary healthcare interventions in smoking cessation during pregnancy. Therefore, tailored educational interventions at primary care settings are recommended.

Background: Environmental ionizing radiation plays a major role in human radiation exposure. Natural background radiation originates from the Earth’s crust and outer space. The terrestrial component consists of primordial radioisotopes (⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U, ²³⁵U, ²³²Th), as well as elements of the uranium and thorium decay chains, of which, from a dosimetric perspective, ²²²Rn and its decay products carry the greatest weight. These account for more than half of the crustal component. Cosmic radiation consists of gamma rays, X-rays, and particles such as protons, electrons, neutrons, mesons, and hyperons. Methods: The main objective of our research is to determine the background radiation levels characteristic of various regions of Transylvania. In addition, we aim to determine the effects of local environmental, diurnal, and seasonal changes on radiation levels. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the values of the individual regions (p < 0.001). The values we measured ranged from 0.051 µSv/h to 0.285 µSv/h. Based on the results, we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the median value dropped after ventilation (0.159 µSv/h), compared to the one before ventilation (0.164 µSv/h). According to our database, radiation levels are significantly (p < 0.01) higher during the fall and winter months. Conclusions: On this basis, Transylvania can be regarded as a safe and livable region in terms of natural background radiation levels. Nevertheless, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, ventilate homes frequently, and spend as much time as possible outdoors in nature.

Water covers 75% of the Earth's surface and is essential for drinking, hygiene, agriculture, and industry. An individual requires roughly 5 liters daily to survive in moderate climates with minimal physical activity. Globally, about 4 trillion cubic meters of freshwater are consumed annually, yet drinking water distribution and consumption vary significantly. Consumer preferences, such as tap versus bottled water, have implications for public health and sustainability. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate drinking water consumption behaviors in Mure? County, Romania, focusing on preferred water sources and influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1,310 adults, customers of the regional water supplier, was conducted through an online questionnaire assessing water sources, consumption habits, expenditures, and quality awareness. Tap water and popular bottled waters were analyzed for quality differences using statistical tests. Results: The majority of respondents (61%) bottled water, while 37% chose tap water; 15% consumed both. Tap water was mainly used for cooking (89%) and washing (93%). Many respondents (59%) spent an additional 10–50 RON monthly on bottled water. Younger adults favored bottled water. Conclusions: Although tap water met safety standards, bottled water remained popular, suggesting a need for public awareness initiatives promoting sustainable tap water usage.