Cephalosporins, particularly cefepime, exert neurotoxic side effects that can lead to status epilepticus. These neurotoxic side effects include myoclonus, dystonic movements, tremor, asterixis, seizure, status epilepticus, encephalopathy, and sometimes coma. Status epilepticus, particularly nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), is a well-known but unusual complication in patients with altered renal function who were receiving treatment with intravenous cephalosporins, especially cefepime. We reviewed the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of 7 patients with renal failure who developed consciousness alterations with changes in EEG activity while being treated with cephalosporins. All patients developed renal failure: six patients had chronic renal failure, one patient had acute renal failure, and two patients were administered hemodialysis. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus was observed between 2 and 8 days (average of 5.6 days) after initiation of cephalosporins. Cephalosporins are epileptogenic drugs, especially when used in excessive doses or when renal function is impaired. Critically ill patients with chronic kidney disease are particularly susceptible to cefepime neurotoxicity. Clinical and electrophysiological results of patients guide the diagnosis of NCSE by healthcare providers.

The effects of different dietary levels of maize silage (10% v. 36% DM) and group size (7 v. 14 animals) were assessed on growth performance and in vivo digestibility of 28 male fattening buffaloes. In addition, the effects of diet on meat quality and group size on behaviour and immune response were separately evaluated. Animals were weighed and assigned to three groups. The high silage 2.6 months; BW 382.2 low size group (LL) was fed a TMR containing 10% DM of maize silage and consisted of seven animals (age 13.072.3 kg). The high silage 3.25 months; BW 416.50.35% v. 2.600.46% v. 1.20±0.46%; P<0.05 for groups HL and HH, respectively). Immune responses were not affected by group size.

Two studies were carried out to assess the effects of seed inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) coupled to a reduced fertilizer supply on yield, economic benefit and energy balance of maize and sorghum forage cropping. The effect of dietary inclusion of mycorrhizal forages on milk yield was also examined. The control treatments (control maize and control sorghum) were non-mycorrhizal seeds fertilized with recommended doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The inoculated treatments (inoculated maize and inoculated sorghum) were the mycorrhizal seeds fertilized with a half dose of N. For each treatment, two plots, 1.5 ha each, were used. The forages were ensiled and fed to lactating buffaloes (maize) and dairy cows (sorghum). Plant traits and yield parameters were generally found to be higher in inoculated compared to the control plants. Inoculation positively influenced the chemical composition of sorghum silage that resulted in less fibre and more protein and presented higher dry matter degradability. No differences between the control and inoculated maize silages were found. For both inoculated crops, higher profitability (+670 and 732€ for maize and sorghum, respectively), as well as an increment of net energy (+0.24 and 0.60, respectively), and energy use efficiency (+0.53 and 0.85, respectively) were observed. The use of the inoculated silages did not affect milk yield. Results suggest that seed inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi combined with the low rate of fertilizers could be a viable solution to increase the eco-efficiency and profitability in forage production without affecting forage quality and lactating cow productivity.

Hızla artan dünya nüfusu ve değişmekte olan tüketici alışkanlıkları bilim insanlarını yenilebilir gıda alternatiflerini ve alternatif protein kaynaklarını araştırmaya yönlendirmiştir. Genetiği değiştirilmiş organizmalar, böcekler, deniz yosunları, in vitro et veya diğer ismiyle yapay et önemli alternatif protein kaynakları olarak görülmektedir. Son yıllarda özellikle yapay et ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar önem kazanmıştır. Yapay et üretimi ile geleneksel et üretiminin neden olduğu sera gazlarının artışı, orman ve arazi tahribatı ve tarım arazilerinin aşırı kullanımı gibi olumsuz etkilerin azalacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Kontrollü ortamda üretilen yapay etin, et kaynaklı hastalık riskini azaltacağı ve daha güvenli ve sağlıklı et üretimini sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Diğer taraftan, yüksek üretim maliyeti, tüketiciler tarafından tercih edilmeme, doğal bir ürün olarak kabul edilmeme ve etik kaygılar gibi yapay et üretim sisteminin gelişmesini ve ticarileşmesini engelleyebilecek bazı faktörler de bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede, yapay et üretiminin ortaya çıkışı, gelişim süreci, üretim yöntemleri ve gelecekte ortaya çıkabilecek olası problemleri hakkında yapılan araştırmalar derlenmiştir.

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary starch concentration on milk production, nutrient digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. Thirty mid-lactation cows were randomly assigned to either a high-neutral-detergent-fiber, low-starch diet (LS; 20.2% starch) or a low-neutral-detergent-fiber, high-starch diet (HS; 25.2% starch) following a 3-week acclimation. The study lasted 8 weeks, with milk sampling and gas measurements conducted weekly during acclimation and at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8. Blood and fecal samples were collected during acclimation and week 8. Compared with LS cows, HS cows produced 1.9 kg/d more energy-corrected milk (4.45% increase), with higher yields of true protein (+0.13 kg/day), lactose (+0.10 kg/day), and total solids (+0.24 kg/day). Dry matter and organic matter digestibility was 4.2 and 4.3% higher, respectively, in the HS group. The milk fatty acid (FA) profile differed, with LS cows having greater mixed FA content and HS cows showing higher de novo FA content and yield. Although methane production tended to be higher in HS cows (+25 g/day), methane yield decreased by 8.8%. Overall, the HS diet improved milk production, nutrient digestibility, and environmental efficiency by reducing methane yield in dairy cows.