Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains underutilized worldwide, partly due to limited patient education, misconceptions, and barriers to accessing reliable health information. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots have emerged as promising tools for improving health literacy, supporting shared decision-making, and enhancing patient engagement. However, concerns regarding content quality, reliability, and readability persist, and no study to date has systematically evaluated AI-generated content in the context of PD. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the quality, reliability, and readability of AI-generated educational content on peritoneal dialysis using multiple large language model-based chatbots. Methods: A total of 45 frequently asked questions about PD were developed by nephrology experts and categorized into three domains: general information (n = 15), technical and clinical issues (n = 21), and myths/misconceptions (n = 9). Three AI-based chatbots, Gemini Pro 2.5, ChatGPT-5, and LLaMA Maverick 4, were prompted to generate responses to all questions. Each response was independently evaluated by two blinded reviewers for textual characteristics, readability using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and content quality/reliability using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) tool and the Modified DISCERN instrument. Results: Across all domains, significant differences were observed among the chatbots. Gemini Pro 2.5 achieved higher Flesch Reading Ease (FRES) scores (32.6 ± 10.5) compared with ChatGPT-5 (24.2 ± 11.7) and LLaMA Maverick 4 (16.2 ± 7.5; p < 0.001), as well as higher EQIP scores (75.4% vs. 59.4% and 61.5%, respectively; p < 0.001) and Modified DISCERN scores (4.0 [4.0–4.5] vs. 3.0 [3.0–3.5] and 3.0 [2.5–3.5]; p < 0.001). ChatGPT-5 demonstrated intermediate performance, while LLaMA Maverick 4 showed lower scores across evaluated metrics. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate differences among AI-based chatbots in readability, content quality, and reliability when responding to identical peritoneal dialysis–related questions. While AI chatbots may support health literacy and complement clinical decision-making, their outputs should be interpreted with caution and under appropriate clinical oversight. Future research should focus on multilingual, multicenter, and outcome-based studies to ensure the safe integration of AI into PD patient education.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, reflecting the rising incidence of chronic diseases. With the continuous growth of the global geriatric population, a significant portion of individuals with CKD consists of those aged over 65. Regardless of the chosen treatment method, protein-energy loss in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) has been associated with elevated morbidity and mortality rates. This is a retrospective, single-center study of incident adult PD patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) from 1998 to 2022. We aimed to compare the survival outcomes of geriatric patients on PD with changing BMI measurements. In the geriatric patient group exhibiting a reduced BMI after dialysis initiation, BMI significantly and negatively influenced survival (p = 0.01). The negative effect of BMI on survival was independent of known risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, a history of cardiovascular disease, gender, residual renal function, and history of hemodialysis before peritoneal dialysis (HD before PD) (p = 0.04). Although BMI is easy and extensively measured, it is not considered the perfect monitoring parameter for dialysis patients. However, regular follow-up of BMI, especially in geriatric cases, can be a guiding tool for estimating patients’ prognoses.

Although the autoimmune nature of membranous nephropathy (MN) was recognized over half a decade ago [1], the responsible antigen was found relatively recently [2]. The definition of the M-Type Phos...