Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains underutilized worldwide, partly due to limited patient education, misconceptions, and barriers to accessing reliable health information. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots have emerged as promising tools for improving health literacy, supporting shared decision-making, and enhancing patient engagement. However, concerns regarding content quality, reliability, and readability persist, and no study to date has systematically evaluated AI-generated content in the context of PD. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the quality, reliability, and readability of AI-generated educational content on peritoneal dialysis using multiple large language model-based chatbots. Methods: A total of 45 frequently asked questions about PD were developed by nephrology experts and categorized into three domains: general information (n = 15), technical and clinical issues (n = 21), and myths/misconceptions (n = 9). Three AI-based chatbots, Gemini Pro 2.5, ChatGPT-5, and LLaMA Maverick 4, were prompted to generate responses to all questions. Each response was independently evaluated by two blinded reviewers for textual characteristics, readability using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and content quality/reliability using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) tool and the Modified DISCERN instrument. Results: Across all domains, significant differences were observed among the chatbots. Gemini Pro 2.5 achieved higher Flesch Reading Ease (FRES) scores (32.6 ± 10.5) compared with ChatGPT-5 (24.2 ± 11.7) and LLaMA Maverick 4 (16.2 ± 7.5; p < 0.001), as well as higher EQIP scores (75.4% vs. 59.4% and 61.5%, respectively; p < 0.001) and Modified DISCERN scores (4.0 [4.0–4.5] vs. 3.0 [3.0–3.5] and 3.0 [2.5–3.5]; p < 0.001). ChatGPT-5 demonstrated intermediate performance, while LLaMA Maverick 4 showed lower scores across evaluated metrics. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate differences among AI-based chatbots in readability, content quality, and reliability when responding to identical peritoneal dialysis–related questions. While AI chatbots may support health literacy and complement clinical decision-making, their outputs should be interpreted with caution and under appropriate clinical oversight. Future research should focus on multilingual, multicenter, and outcome-based studies to ensure the safe integration of AI into PD patient education.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate pregnancy frequency and evaluate the factors affecting live births in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and methods: Female HD patients whose pregnancy was retrospectively reported between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019. The duration of HD, primary disease, and the information on whether the pregnancy resulted in abortion, stillbirth, or live birth, whether the HD duration was prolonged after diagnosing the pregnancy and whether it accompanied preeclampsia were recorded. Results: In this study, we reached 9038 HD female patients' data in the study. A total of 235 pregnancies were detected in 145 patients. The mean age was 35.42 (35 ± 7.4) years. The mean age at first gestation was 30.8 ± 6.5 years. The average birth week was 32 (28-36) weeks. A total of 53.8% (no = 78) of the patients had live birth, 51.7% (no = 70) had at least one abortion in the first 20 weeks, and 13.1% (no = 19) had at least one stillbirth after 20 weeks. The rate of patients' increased numbers of dialysis sessions during pregnancy was 71.7%. The abortion rate was 22.4% in those with increased HD sessions, whereas 79.3% in those not increased HD sessions (p < 0.001). Live birth frequency was 67.2% in the increased HD sessions group and 3.4% in those who did not differ in HD sessions (p < 0.001). Conclusion: For the first time, we reported pregnancy outcomes in HD female patients, covering all regions of Turkey. It has been observed that; increasing the number of HD sessions in dialysis patients will decrease fetal and maternal complications and increase live birth rates.