Background: Bariatric surgery is associated with significant postoperative challenges, including pain and nausea. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, is commonly used to manage pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in various surgical settings. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of Dex in bariatric surgery patients, focusing on postoperative pain intensity, opioid consumption, and PONV. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2010 and 2023, assessing Dex use during or after bariatric surgery. Studies comparing Dex to placebo or standard care were included. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and statistical analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: Six RCTs (485 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Dex significantly reduced intraoperative fentanyl use (SMD −1.33, 95% CI [−2.19, −0.47], p = 0.002). Pain scores showed mixed results, with some studies reporting lower pain intensity in the Dex group, while others found no significant difference compared to morphine or placebo. PONV scores were generally lower in the Dex group (p = 0.01) compared to placebo and morphine. No significant differences were found in morphine consumption (SMD −1.13, 95% CI [−2.24, 0.01], p = 0.05) or recovery time. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine appears to reduce opioid requirements and postoperative nausea in bariatric surgery patients. However, the variability in pain management outcomes suggests that further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm its overall efficacy. The findings are based on moderate-quality evidence, and further research should aim to standardize dosing protocols and patient populations.

Objective: The appearance of our physical features, including our hair, holds great significance in our lives. Shampooing is a widely adopted practice for improving hair condition. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the impact of shampooing frequency on hair and scalp health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of hair shampooing and the condition of both hair and scalp. Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was employed to gather data through online survey questionnaires administered in Arabic and targeted at Saudi Arabian citizens. The study included a sample size of 4796 participants from various clinics across Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data, calculating frequencies and percentages for different groups. Chi‐square tests and inferential analysis were conducted to determine the association between variables. Results: The study identified a significant correlation between hair type and hair problems. Long hair and hairstyles with curls were associated with higher rates of hair breakage and daily hair loss. The findings demonstrated that the frequency of hair shampooing directly influenced the condition of both hair and scalp. Increased shampooing frequency was found to improve hair and scalp conditions. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study establishes that a higher frequency of shampooing enhances the condition of both hair and scalp. Therefore, we recommend that individuals aiming to enhance their physical appearance should consider increasing the frequency of shampoo usage.

This is the second study from Saudi Arabia, after a decade-long gap, that focuses on pregnancy rhinitis (PR). PR is a common, yet under-reported and under-diagnosed condition among pregnant Saudi women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PR and its association with sociodemographic factors in a cohort of Saudi women. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study from August 2023 to February 2025 of pregnant women attending Ohud and Maternity and Children’s Hospitals in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire collected sociodemographic data and information on nasal symptoms and their severity. The prevalence of PR was calculated as the percentage of women affected. We analyzed the associations between PR and sociodemographic factors using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests, with P ≤ .05, as statistically significant. We included pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years and excluded those with a prepregnancy history of allergic rhinitis or sinusitis. Among 386 pregnant women, 115 (29.8%) had PR. Of these, 73% reported moderate-to-severe symptoms. PR prevalence significantly declined with increasing education levels ( P < .001) but was higher among employed women ( P = .050) and those with chronic diseases ( P = .028). PR is highly prevalent among pregnant Saudi women, with most cases classified as moderate to severe. Obstetricians and gynecologists, in collaboration with ENT specialists, should assess nasal symptoms early in pregnancy and educate patients about PR and its management.