Background/Aim: The use of AI‐driven chatbots for accessing medical information is increasingly popular among educators and students. This study aims to assess two different ChatGPT models—ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4.0—regarding their responses to queries about traumatic dental injuries, specifically for dental students and professionals. Material and Methods: A total of 40 questions were prepared, divided equally between those concerning definitions and diagnosis and those on treatment and follow‐up. The responses from both ChatGPT versions were evaluated on several criteria: quality, reliability, similarity, and readability. These evaluations were conducted using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), the Reliability Scoring System (adapted DISCERN), the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL), and the Similarity Index. Normality was checked with the Shapiro–Wilk test, and variance homogeneity was assessed using the Levene test. Results: The analysis revealed that ChatGPT 3.5 provided more original responses compared to ChatGPT 4.0. According to FRES scores, both versions were challenging to read, with ChatGPT 3.5 having a higher FRES score (39.732 ± 9.713) than ChatGPT 4.0 (34.813 ± 9.356), indicating relatively better readability. There were no significant differences between the ChatGPT versions regarding GQS, DISCERN, and FKRGL scores. However, in the definition and diagnosis section, ChatGPT 4.0 had a statistically higher quality score than ChatGPT 3.5. In contrast, ChatGPT 3.5 provided more original answers in the treatment and follow‐up section. For ChatGPT 4.0, the readability and similarity rates for the definition and diagnosis section were higher than those for the treatment and follow‐up section. No significant differences were observed between ChatGPT 3.5's DISCERN, FRES, FKRGL, and similarity index measurements by topic. Conclusions: Both ChatGPT versions offer high‐quality and original information, though they present challenges in readability and reliability. They are valuable resources for dental students and professionals but should be used in conjunction with additional sources of information for a comprehensive understanding.

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of denture base materials produced by three-dimensional (3D) printing and conventional methods in terms of their mechanical durability and water absorption and solubility properties. Conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples (Meliodent, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were prepared using the pressing technique. PowerResins (3BFAB Technology, Inc., Istanbul, Turkey) was used to produce the 3D printed denture base samples. The 3D printed samples were designed using Meshmixer software (Autodesk, Inc.) and printed on a DentaFab Sega 3D Printer (DentaFab, Istanbul, Turkey). Flexural and compressive strength and microhardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples. Water absorption and solubility tests were also performed. The flexural and compressive strength and microhardness values ​​of the 3D printed group were higher than those of the conventional group (p < 0.001). The mean water absorption value was lower in the 3D printed group compared to the conventional group, and the difference between these values ​​was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups in terms of water solubility ​​(p = 0.003). Our study shows that 3D printing can produce customized and high-precision prosthetic bases while also improving their physical and mechanical properties.

Aim: This survey study aimed to assess the awareness of parents of pediatric dental patients regarding the “ToothSOS” mobile application and the “Save Your Tooth” posters created by the International Association of Dental Traumatology. Methodology: This study included 303 participants who applied to Health Sciences University, Gülhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, between 02/01/2021 and 05/31/2021. The survey comprised visually supported questions to measure the participants’ demographic features, previous dental trauma experiences, awareness of mobile dental trauma applications, and knowledge of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages and were compared using the chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed that parents’ awareness levels regarding TDIs were insufficient. No significant difference was detected in the knowledge levels of parents of children with and without a history of dental trauma. However, significantly correct answers were obtained to the avulsion injury questions from parents with high education levels. Conclusion: Given the results of this study, it is recommended that dental health providers focus on TDI education for parents. How to cite this article: Bal C, Öztürk Z, Atak D, Yaşar M, Aksoy M. Evaluation of parents’ awareness levels of traumatic dental injuries: The ToothSOS mobile application and “Save Your Tooth” posters. Int Dent Res 2023;13(2):60-66. https://doi.org/10.5577/idr.2023.vol13.no2.3 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

This study evaluated the color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of 3D-printed and heat-polymerized denture materials. A total of 90 samples were prepared, with equal numbers of 3D-printed and heat-polymerized disks. The initial hardness, surface roughness, and color values of the samples were measured. After 14 days of immersion in distilled water, natural orange juice, or commercial orange juice, the measurements were repeated. Based on the findings, 3D-printed samples exhibited a greater reduction in Vickers hardness (56.24 ± 15.81%) compared to heat-polymerized samples (18.93 ± 11.41%). Materials immersed in commercial orange juice exhibited a greater reduction in hardness compared to those in other solutions (43.13 ± 23.66). Surface roughness increased by 46.66 ± 26.8% in heat-polymerized samples and by 26.16 ± 20.78% in 3D-printed samples, with the highest increase observed in commercial orange juice (50.73 ± 28.8%) (p < 0.001). The color change (ΔE) was significantly higher in heat-polymerized samples (ΔE = 5.05 ± 0.28) than in 3D-printed samples (ΔE = 3.9 ± 0.26) (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that the material type and immersion solutions play a critical role in determining the mechanical and optical properties of denture materials, with commercial orange juice having the most pronounced effect on surface roughness and hardness.

Background: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of different layer thicknesses (50 μm and 100 μm) and curing methods (light curing and water curing) on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of 3D-printed Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) based denture base resins after exposure to 2 acidic aging solutions—cola and sour cherry juice. Methods: One hundred twenty disc-shaped samples were 3D-printed and divided into 4 main groups based on layer thickness and curing method. Each group (n = 30) was further divided into subgroups (n = 15) and immersed in either cola or sour cherry juice for 7 and 21 days. Surface roughness, Vickers microhardness, and color change (ΔE) were measured each time. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (P < .05). Results: Surface roughness values significantly increased over time in all groups (P < .05); however, no significant difference was detected between the groups at any time point. Microhardness values showed significant differences according to layer thickness, curing method, and time (P <.05). While higher hardness values were obtained in 50 μm and light-cured groups, a significant decrease was observed in all groups over time. A statistically significant ΔE was observed in the 50 water-cured–cola group, while color stability was maintained in the other groups. Conclusion: Layer thickness, curing method, and aging process have a significant impact on the surface and optical properties of 3D-printed PMMA resins. Water curing may limit polymerization efficiency, resulting in increased susceptibility to surface degradation and color changes. Optimizing manufacturing parameters is crucial for enhancing the clinical performance and long-term aesthetics of 3D-printed prosthetic materials. Cite this article as: .ztürk Z, Tosun B. Investigation of changes in surface and optical properties of 3D-printed acrylic resins produced with different layer thickness and curing methods: an in vitro study. Essent Dent. 2026, 5, 0073, doi:10.5152/EssentDent.2026.25073.