Advancements in material science have made biopolymers a reliable solution in treating diseases for which there were no effective treatments. Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are the second leading cause of secondary infertility among women of reproductive age. Despite their negative impacts, the available data reveal that there is currently no effective treatment. This work serves to provide an overview of the progress in the biomedical application of biopolymers focusing on the clinical management of IUAs. Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis remains the standard treatment for IUAs, even though it is linked to recurrence and suboptimal reproductive outcomes. Efforts to improve IUAs treatment by combining hysteroscopy with adjuvants like physical barriers have not resulted in better outcomes. Biopolymers like hyaluronic acid (HA) represent a groundbreaking shift in regenerative medicine and have been used as anti-adhesives in the treatment of IUAs. This is attributed to their excellent biocompatibility, cell adhesiveness, biodegradability, low toxicity, and cell growth promotion ability. This study examines naturally occurring biopolymers, underscoring their biomedical applications, and limitations such as poor mechanical properties, rapid degradation, limited residence time, and bioavailability. Drawing from existing evidence and authors’ standpoints, innovative approaches harnessing the power of biopolymer engineering are suggested as future directions to overcome ongoing limitations.

Advancements in material science have made biopolymers a reliable solution in treating diseases for which there were previously no effective treatments. Intrauterine adhe-sions (IUAs) are the second leading cause of infertility among women of reproductive age. Despite their negative impacts, the available data reveal that there is currently no effective treatment. Thus, this work serves to provide an overview of the progress in the biomedical application of biopolymers focusing on the clinical management of IUAs. Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis remains the standard treatment for IUAs even though it is linked to recurrence and suboptimal reproductive outcomes. Equally, efforts to improve IUAs treatment by combining hysteroscopy with adjuvants like physical barriers have not resulted in better outcomes. Biopolymers like hyaluronic acid (HA) represent a ground-breaking shift in regenerative medicine and have been used as anti-adhesives in the treatment of IUAs. This is attributed to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegra-dability, low toxicity, and cell growth promotion ability. This review examines naturally occurring biopolymers, underscoring their biomedical applications, limitations such as rapid degradation, limited residence time and bioavailability and poor mechanical properties. Drawing from existing evidence and authors' standpoints, innovative ap-proaches harnessing the power of biopolymer engineering are suggested as future di-rections to overcome ongoing limitations.

Increasing demand for biomedical devices requires manufacturing approaches that are scalable, efficient, and suitable for heat-sensitive materials. Although HME is widely used to produce solvent-free solid dispersions, high temperatures involved can cause degradation of bioactive agents and thermally unstable polymers. This study examines LT-HME as an alternative method for evaluating the compatibility of natural and synthetic polymers in these systems. Blends of PCL/PEO/Cs were fabricated using a twin-screw reactive extruder under reduced thermal conditions. The extrudates were characterised using SEM, GPC, FTIR, DSC, and rheology. LT-HME enabled successful melt blending with reduced processing torque and no evidence of chemical degradation or adverse intermolecular interactions. Thermal analysis revealed a reduction in crystallinity of PCL and the blended systems. SEM analysis demonstrated composition-dependent morphological variations, including phase separation and void formation in blends containing PEO and/or Cs. As compared to binary, ternary blends exhibited improved structural uniformity and interfacial adhesion. Rheological measurements showed significant enhancements in G′, G″, and η*, particularly for the optimized ternary composition, indicating improved mechanical integrity. Overall, the results identify an optimal formulation that balances phase morphology, thermal behavior, and viscoelastic performance, highlighting LT-HME as a viable and sustainable processing route for biocompatible solid dispersion systems.