Between 2018 and 2024, the global market has experienced significant advancements in sensor technologies for monitoring patients’ health conditions, which have demonstrated a pivotal role in diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and healthcare optimization. Progress in microelectronics, device miniaturization, and wireless communication technologies has facilitated the development of sophisticated sensors, including wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, enabling the real-time monitoring of key health parameters. These devices are widely employed across clinical settings, nursing care, and daily life to collect critical data on vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. A systematic review of the developments within this period highlights the transformative potential of AI and IoT-based technologies in healthcare personalization, particularly in disease symptom prediction and public health management. Furthermore, innovative techniques such as respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) and millimeter-wave radar systems (mmTAA) have emerged as precise, non-contact solutions for respiratory monitoring, with applications spanning diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, and enhanced safety in daily life.

The primary objective of this paper was to present a complete procedure, including a tester schematic, to test the compliance of any electrocardiographic (ECG) device or its elements, such as the analog front-end (AFE), with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. The paper highlights the importance of designing ECG devices in compliance with the standards, an issue often overlooked in academic research at a lower technology readiness level, and provides detailed guidance on the testing procedure. A measurement system designed to evaluate the performance of ECG devices in accordance with three IEC standards (60601-2-25, 60601-2-27, and 60601-2-47) is presented. A review of standard measurement procedures was conducted using a device equipped with the ADS1298 AFE. The measurements demonstrating the ADS1298’s compliance with the IEC 60601-2-25 ECG standard were performed using the ECG Tester TEST, manufactured by the Łukasiewicz Research Network–Krakow Institute of Technology, Biomedical Engineering Center.