A model of rhizosphere priming effect under impact of root exudate input into rhizosphere soil was developed as an important process of the plant-soil interaction. The model was based on the concept of nitrogen (N) mining, compensating for the N scarcity in exudates for microbial growth by accelerating SOM mineralisation. In the model, N deficiency for microbial growth is covered (“mined”) by the increased SOM mineralisation depending on the C:N ratio of the soil and exudates. The new aspect in the model is a food web procedure, which calculates soil fauna feeding on microorganisms, the return of faunal by-products to SOM and mineral N production for root uptake. The model verification demonstrated similar magnitude of the priming effect in simulations as in the published experimental data. Model testing revealed high sensitivity of the simulation results to N content in exudates. Simulated CO₂ emission from the priming can reach 10–40% of CO₂ emission from the whole Ah horizon of boreal forest soil depending on root exudation rates. This modeling approach with including food web activity allows quantifying wider aspects of the priming effect functioning including ecologically important available N production.

This literature review presents data from 57 publications on vaping and e-cigarette-associated lung injury or EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury) that was first reported in 2019. The article describes the epidemiology of EVALI, the mechanism of injuring effects of vaping on the lungs, clinical signs, diagnosis and diagnostic criteria, therapy and subsequent management of patients with EVALI.

Despite the manifestations of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in the neonatal period or in the first year of life, the diagnosis of this rare disease is usually established at the age of 4–7 years. The aim of the study was to search for reserves for early diagnosis of PCD. Materials and methods of research: 17 patients were observed with PCD, confirmed on the basis of the PICADAR scale, highspeed light video microscopy (all patients) and transmission electron microscopy (in 3 patients) of the mucous biopsy of the respiratory membrane using a genetic study (in one patient). Results: all patients were born full-term; neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was observed in 71% of patients; the median duration of mechanical ventilation/oxygen therapy was 14 [7; 21] days; lateralization abnormalities were found in 35% of patients; all patients had persistent nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhea, 94% had chronic or recurrent sinusitis, otitis, recurrent pneumonia, chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans in 71% had atelectasis with constant localization in the middle lobe, 12 of 15 patients, traced in the follow-up, – bronchiectasis (BE), also mainly in the middle lobe (in 9 patients). The average age at diagnosis was 5 [1.75; 7] years, patients with an established diagnosis over the age of 3 years were more often diagnosed with BE. The median of PICADAR scores was 7 [6; 8] points. Conclusions: to establish early diagnosis of PCD, it is important to consider neonatal RDS, lateralization of organs, difficulty in nasal breathing, starting from the first half of life.