Blockchain technology is emerging and has high potential to improve and transform the agricultural supply chain. This study investigates the critical barriers to blockchain technology adoption in the Vietnamese agricultural supply chain using a novel interval-valued hesitant fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (IVHF-DEMATEL) approach. The IVHF-DEMATEL technique is applied to identify cause-and-effect relationships and draw the influence-relations map of the barriers. In contrast to prior work, which converts fuzzy sets into crisp sets and then uses crisp set operations, this study is the first study to investigate the Vietnamese agricultural supply chain that uses fully hesitant fuzzy operations representing experts’ assessment without information loss during the conversion. Our results show that ‘lack of government regulation’, ‘lack of scalability and system speed’, ‘a large amount of resource and capital requirements’, and ‘lack of trust among agro-stakeholder or public perception’ are the main barriers. Consistent with previous studies, ‘lack of government regulation’ is the most significant barrier. The results also indicate the hesitant degree of each barrier and better inform decision-makers about uncertain situations. Moreover, a priority order for tackling barriers is proposed to accelerate blockchain adoption in the Vietnamese agricultural supply chain.

In typical business situations, sellers usually offer discount schemes to buyers to increase overall profitability. This study aims to design a supply chain network under uncertainty of demand by integrating an all-unit quantity discount policy. The objective is to maximize the profit of the entire supply chain. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model, which is subsequently linearized into a mixed integer linear programming model and hence able to obtain a global solution. Numerical examples in the manufacturing supply chain where customer demand follows normal distributions are used to assess the effect of quantity discount policies. Key findings demonstrate that the integration of quantity discount policies significantly reduces total supply chain costs and improves inventory management under demand uncertainty, and decision makers need to decide a balance level between service levels and profits.

The energy sector is a cornerstone of Viet Nam’s economic growth, providing critical contributions to development and employment. However, ensuring its long-term sustainability remains a pressing challenge. This study leverages the United Nations’ ESG framework to develop a comprehensive structure for sustainable management indicators tailored to Viet Nam’s energy industry. Through expert interviews and systematic analysis using the modified Delphi and DEMATEL methods, the study identified “Cost Management” as the most critical sustainability indicator, influencing other key areas. Additionally, “Innovation Management”, “Renewable Energy”, “Vocational Training”, and “Human Capital Development” emerged as pivotal for driving sustainability. These findings underscore the importance of aligning sustainability practices with operational efficiency and innovation. The study highlights the urgent need for energy companies to adopt targeted solutions such as cost optimization, investments in renewable technologies, and workforce development to foster sustainable growth. By offering actionable insights and a prioritized framework, this research provides energy companies and policymakers with a practical roadmap to enhance Viet Nam’s energy sustainability and support its economic recovery post-COVID-19.