Papillomaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses, and it is essential to clarify their genotypic distribution for their effective prevention and clinical management. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in the normal oral mucosae of HIV-positive individuals. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed studies published up to 13 February 2025. The inclusion criteria referred to original research studies reporting on the prevalence and genotype-specific distribution of HPV in the oral mucosae of HIV-positive individuals. Statistical analyses were conducted using the MedicReS E-PICOS AI smart biostatistics software (version 21.3, New York, NY, USA) and the MedCalc statistical software package (MedCalc Software Ltd., Ostend, Belgium). The pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model, and heterogeneity was quantified using the Cochrane Q and I² statistics. The presence of publication bias was assessed via the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. High prevalence and heterogeneity of HPV-58 (6.23%), HPV-16 (4.326%), and HPV-66 (3.733%) were observed, indicating significant variability across populations and methodologies. This supports their association with HPV-related oropharyngeal malignancies and the need for the continuous surveillance of HIV-positive individuals. We also observed the elevated detection of LR-HPV genotypes, particularly HPV-13 (7.16%), HPV-5 (5.64%), and HPV-62 (4.24%). These findings indicate that there is substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of both HR-HPV and LR-HPV genotypes among HIV-positive individuals, with certain genotypes exhibiting higher detection rates across studies, emphasizing the need for targeted surveillance and preventive strategies in this vulnerable population. The application of advanced data analysis methods is essential in enhancing HPV surveillance and implementing effective control measures in this vulnerable population.

Amaç: Sisplatin, klinikte kanser hastalarının tedavisinde başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmasına rağmen hastalarda rezistans gelişimi ve ciddi toksik yan etkiler görülmektedir. Bu dezavantajların önüne geçmek için bu çalışmada 2,5(6)-disübstitüebenzimidazol türevi taşıyıcı ligandlar kullanarak platin(II) komplekslerinin sentezlenmesi ve sitotoksik etkilerinin test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: L1-L6 taşıyıcı ligandları Philips yöntemine göre elde edilmiştir. K1-K4 kompleksleri, K2PtCl4 ve uygun ligandın ısıtılıp karıştırılması ile sentezlenmiştir. Sentez edilen L1-L6 ve K1-K4’ün kimyasal yapıları elementel analiz, İnfrared ve 1H Nükleer Manyetik Rezonans ile aydınlatılmıştır. L1-L6 taşıyıcı ligandları ve K1-K4 komplesklerinin, MTT yöntemi ile MCF-7 ve DU-145 hücre hatlarına karşı in vitro sitotoksik etkileri test edilmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: IC50 değerlerine göre 2 numaralı konumunda –CH3 sübstitüenti taşıyan ligandlar, nonsübstitüe ligandlara göre test edilen hücre hatlarında daha etkili bulunmuştur. Ayrıca 5(6) numaralı konumunda flor sübstitüe L5 ve L6 en etkili benzimidazol türevi olarak test edilmiştir. Test edilen kompleksler içerisinde K3, MCF-7 hücre hattına karşı 32.75 µM IC50 değeri ile DU-145 hücre hattında ise 18.842 µM IC50 değeri ile en etkili kompleks olarak bulunmuştur.

Background/Aim: The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in non-malignant tonsils can vary according to geographical location, age group, and risk factors. Some studies have found a relatively low prevalence of HPV, while other studies have found higher rates in non-malignant tonsils. The presence of HPV in non-malignant tonsils may be associated with precursor lesions that have the potential to develop into cancer. The aim of the current study was to detect the prevalence of HPV and p16 (one of the HPV types) in non-malignant tonsils and determine the existence of HPV in tonsil tissue using molecular and histological techniques. Methods: One hundred-three samples from non-malignant tonsils and one sample from squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsils were analyzed for the prevalence of HPV using molecular and histological methods. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to detect HPV in the tissue samples. Results: HPV was not found in any tissue specimens based on histopathological and p16 immunohistochemical evaluations. HPV was not detected in all tissue samples using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Conclusions: In our study of one hundred and four patients, HPV and p16 were not genetically detected in the tonsils that underwent surgery for reasons other than cancer. Hence, more comprehensive studies can contribute to evaluating the relationship between benign tonsil tissue and HPV infection, potentially leading to improved diagnostic and preventative measures. '+st+' Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-E386. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29210 Mehanna H, Beech T, Nicholson T, El-Hariry I, McConkey C, Paleri V, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancer--systematic review and meta-analysis of trends by time and region. Head Neck. 2013;35(5):747-55. doi: 10.1002/hed.22015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.22015 Mooren JJ, Gültekin SE, Straetmans JM, Haesevoets A, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, Huebbers CU, et al. P16(INK4A) immunostaining is a strong indicator for high-risk-HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinomas and dysplasias, but is unreliable to predict low-risk-HPV-infection in head and neck papillomas and laryngeal dysplasias. Int J Cancer. 2014;134(9):2108-17. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28534 Gillison ML, Broutian T, Pickard RK, Tong ZY, Xiao W, Kahle L, et al. Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009-2010. JAMA. 2012;307(7):693-703. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.101 Tam S, Fu S, Xu L, Krause KJ, Lairson DR, Miao H, et al. The epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 2018;82:91-9. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.04.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.04.005 Ilmarinen T, Munne P, Hagström J, Haglund C, Auvinen E, Virtanen EI, et al. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cancer gene mutations in nonmalignant tonsils. Oral Oncol. 2017;73:77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.08.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.08.010 Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, et al. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(32):4294-301. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596 de Araujo MR, De Marco L, Santos CF, Rubira-Bullen IR, Ronco G, Pennini I, et al. GP5+/6+ SYBR Green methodology for simultaneous screening and quantification of human papillomavirus. J Clin Virol. 2009 Jun;45(2):90-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.020 Qu W, Jiang G, Cruz Y, Chang CJ, Ho GY, Klein RS, Burk RD. PCR detection of human papillomavirus: comparison between MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primer systems. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35(6):1304-10. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.6.1304-1310.1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.35.6.1304-1310.1997 Syrjänen S. Current concepts on human papillomavirus infections in children. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. 2010;118(6-7):494–509. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02620.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02620.x Heck JE, Berthiller J, Vaccarella S, Winn DM, Smith EM, Shan'gina O, et al. Sexual behaviours and the risk of head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(1):166-81. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyp350 Chen R, Sehr P, Waterboer T, Leivo I, Pawlita M, Vaheri A, Aaltonen LM. Presence of DNA of human papillomavirus 16 but no other types in tumor-free tonsillar tissue. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(3):1408-10. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1408-1410.2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.3.1408-1410.2005 Palmer E, Newcombe RG, Green AC, Kelly C, Noel Gill O, Hall G, Fiander AN. Human papillomavirus infection is rare in nonmalignant tonsil tissue in the UK: implications for tonsil cancer precursor lesions. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(10):2437-43. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28886 Xue XC, Chen XP, Yao WH, Zhang Y, Sun GB, Tan XJ. Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in Chinese children with tonsillar and/or adenoidal hypertrophy. J Med Virol. 2014;86(6):963-7. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23894. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23894 Rusan M, Klug TE, Henriksen JJ, Bonde JH, Fuursted K, Ovesen T. Prevalence of tonsillar human papillomavirus infections in Denmark. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272(9):2505-12. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-3225-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3225-x Klingenberg B, Hafkamp HC, Haesevoets A, Manni JJ, Slootweg PJ, Weissenborn SJ, et al. p16 INK4A overexpression is frequently detected in tumour-free tonsil tissue without association with HPV. Histopathology. 2010;56(7):957-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03576.x Sisk J, Schweinfurth, JM, Wang, XT, Chong K. Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in tonsillectomy specimens. The Laryngoscope. 2006;116(8):1372–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03576.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000225973.21736.bc Wojtera M, Paradis J, Husein M, Nichols AC, Barrett JW, Salvadori MI, Strychowsky JE. The prevalence of human papillomavirus in pediatric tonsils: a systematic review of the literature. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;47(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s40463-018-0255-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-018-0255-1 Ribeiro KM, Alvez JM, Pignatari SS, Weckx LL. Detection of human papilloma virus in the tonsils of children undergoing tonsillectomy. Braz J Infect Dis. 2006;10(3):165-8. doi: 10.1590/s1413-86702006000300002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702006000300002 Duray A, Descamps G, Bettonville M, Sirtaine N, Ernoux-Neufcoeur P, Guenin S, Mouallif M, et al. High prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in palatine tonsils from healthy children and adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(2):230-5. doi: 10.1590/s1413-86702006000300002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599811402944 Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(12):1789-99. doi: 10.1086/657321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/657321 Gillison ML, Castellsagué X, Chaturvedi A, Goodman MT, Snijders P, Tommasino M, et al. Eurogin Roadmap: comparative epidemiology of HPV infection and associated cancers of the head and neck and cervix. Int J Cancer. 2014;134(3):497-507. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28201 Fakhry C, Rosenthal BT, Clark DP, Gillison ML. Associations between oral HPV16 infection and cytopathology: evaluation of an oropharyngeal "pap-test equivalent" in high-risk populations. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2011;4(9):1378-84. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0284 Olthof NC, Straetmans JM, Snoeck R, Ramaekers FC, Kremer B, Speel EJ. Next-generation treatment strategies for human papillomavirus-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: where do we go? Rev Med Virol. 2012;22(2):88-105. doi: 10.1002/rmv.714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.714 Alos L, Moyano S, Nadal A, Alobid I, Blanch JL, Ayala E, et al. Human papillomaviruses are identified in a subgroup of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas with favorable outcome. Cancer. 2009;115(12):2701-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24309 Larque AB, Hakim S, Ordi J, Nadal A, Diaz A, del Pino M, Marimon L et al. High-risk human papillomavirus is transcriptionally active in a subset of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas. Mod Pathol. 2014;27(3):343-51. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2013.155 Bishop JA, Guo TW, Smith DF, Wang H, Ogawa T, Pai SI, et al. Human papillomavirus-related carcinomas of the sinonasal tract. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37(2):185-92. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182698673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182698673 Thavaraj S. Human papillomavirus-associated neoplasms of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2016;33(2):104-11. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2015.09.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2015.09.011 Copyright (c) 2023 Gül Bayram , Tugce Simsek , Selin Hazir , Fatma Zeynep Ozen , Mehmet Mustafa Erdogan , Sinan Seyhan , Hasan Kazaz , Erkan Tezcan This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Amaç: COVID-19’un yol açtığı şiddetli klinik sonuçlara neden olan risk faktörleri yetişkin hastalarda çocuk hasta grubuna göre daha iyi tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada hastanemize COVID-19 şüphesi ile başvuran ve SARS-CoV-2 testi pozitif saptanan çocuk hastalarda sosyo-demogrofik özellikler, klinik bulgular ve eşik değeri “cycle threshold” (Ct) değeri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada 1 Mayıs 2020-31 Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında Mersin Üniversitesi Hastanesi COVID-19 laboratuvarında SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR testi pozitif saptanan 2971 çocuk hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR testi, nazofarengeal ve orofarengeal sürüntü örneklerinden yapılmıştır. RT-qPCR sonucundan elde edilen Ct değerleri düşük, orta, yüksek şeklinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular: SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu pozitif olan çocuk hastalarda en sık görülen semptomlar sırasıyla ateş %41.5, öksürük %28.6 ve boğaz ağrısı %24.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. SARS-CoV-2 pozitif asemptomatik ve semptomatik çocuk hastaların Ct değerleri düşüktür (<24) ve hastalar yüksek risk grubunda yer almaktadır. SARS-CoV-2 pozitif çocuklarda semptomlar ve Ct grupları arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildiğinde özellikle ateş (%43.1), halsizlik (%18.8) ve baş ağrısı (%16.3) semptomu gösteren hastaların yüksek viral yük grubunda olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda yer alan temaslı hastaların çoğunun COVID-19’lu aile üyelerinden birine maruz kalması nedeniyle Ct değerinin düşük olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bundan dolayı potansiyel bulaştırıcılıkları yüksek olan bu temaslı grubunun takibi, kontrolü ve izolasyonu halk sağlığı açısından önemli bir noktadır.