Introduction: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the predominant condition responsible for acute abdominal pain across all age demographics. The purpose of this research is to determine if the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) and modified HALP (m-HALP) scores differ between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis in patients diagnosed with AA who have applied to the emergency department (ED). Additionally, this study aims to investigate whether HALP and m-HALP scores are superior to other biomarkers. Materials and methods: The retrospective analysis included adult patients, aged eighteen or older, who were diagnosed with AA, and sought treatment at the ED of a tertiary hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: complicated appendicitis (CA) and uncomplicated appendicitis (UCA). The cut-off in diagnostic value measurements was determined using the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: A total of 436 patients (CA: 126, UCA: 310) were included. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-albumin ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) were found to have acceptable diagnostic power in CA detection (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.735–0.783). In detecting UCA, HALP and m-HALP were of fair diagnostic power (AUC: 0.64, 0.68, respectively). Conclusions: In this study, we found that although PIV, SIRI, SII, and NLR had acceptable diagnostic values in distinguishing CA and UCA, HALP and m-HALP had fair diagnostic values.

Incisional hernia is frequently observed after open colorectal cancer surgery, and should be considered a serious short- and long-term health issue. The present study evaluated the efficacy of small-bite abdominal closure in reducing the incidence of incisional hernia in this patient group. An RCT was conducted between June 2019 and June 2022. A total of 173 patients who underwent open colorectal cancer surgery were assigned randomly to one of two groups to undergo fascial closure with either small bites (87) or conventional bites (86). The incisional hernia rate was accepted as the primary outcome, and surgical-site infection as the secondary outcome. The incisional hernia rates at 1 year were 7 and 27% in the small- and conventional-bite groups respectively (P < 0.001). This rate increased to 9 and 31% at the end of the second year (P < 0.001). Surgical-site infections occurred in 18% of the small-bite group and 31% of the conventional-bite group (P = 0.03). Compared with the conventional-bite group, the small-bite group had higher suture/wound length ratios (mean(s.d.) 5.18(0.84) versus 3.67(0.57); P < 0.001) and a longer fascial closure time 14.1(4.64) versus 12.9(2.39) min; P = 0.03). Small-bite closure with 5-mm tissue bites placed 5 mm apart reduced the incidence of incisional hernia and surgical-site infection after open colorectal cancer surgery.

Aim: It is very important to determine the diagnosis of strangulation quickly and with high accuracy in patients presenting with incarcerated hernia. Early diagnosis of strangulation reduces the rate of bowel resection. The objective of our study was to assess the effectiveness and consistency of recently established indices, namely neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in predicting the occurrence of strangulation in incarcerated hernias. Material and Methods: Our study included patients over the age of 18 who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain between 01.01.2020 and 01.01.2023 and were diagnosed with incarcerated inguinal hernia according to the examination results. There were two groups of patients with strangulated inguinal hernia (SIH) and non-strangulated inguinal hernia (NSIH). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to define the cut-off in diagnostic value values. Results: A total of 128 patients (39 SIH and 89 NSIH) were enrolled. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, There was determined to be acceptable diagnostic power for SIH detection using SII, SIRI, and PIV (AUC:0.738-0.765). Conclusion: Biomarkers such as SII, SIRI, PIV and NLR can be utilized for prediction SIH in incarcerated hernias.

Papillomaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses, and it is essential to clarify their genotypic distribution for their effective prevention and clinical management. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in the normal oral mucosae of HIV-positive individuals. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed studies published up to 13 February 2025. The inclusion criteria referred to original research studies reporting on the prevalence and genotype-specific distribution of HPV in the oral mucosae of HIV-positive individuals. Statistical analyses were conducted using the MedicReS E-PICOS AI smart biostatistics software (version 21.3, New York, NY, USA) and the MedCalc statistical software package (MedCalc Software Ltd., Ostend, Belgium). The pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model, and heterogeneity was quantified using the Cochrane Q and I² statistics. The presence of publication bias was assessed via the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. High prevalence and heterogeneity of HPV-58 (6.23%), HPV-16 (4.326%), and HPV-66 (3.733%) were observed, indicating significant variability across populations and methodologies. This supports their association with HPV-related oropharyngeal malignancies and the need for the continuous surveillance of HIV-positive individuals. We also observed the elevated detection of LR-HPV genotypes, particularly HPV-13 (7.16%), HPV-5 (5.64%), and HPV-62 (4.24%). These findings indicate that there is substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of both HR-HPV and LR-HPV genotypes among HIV-positive individuals, with certain genotypes exhibiting higher detection rates across studies, emphasizing the need for targeted surveillance and preventive strategies in this vulnerable population. The application of advanced data analysis methods is essential in enhancing HPV surveillance and implementing effective control measures in this vulnerable population.

Predicting mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of comorbidities, CRP/albumin ratio and lactate levels in predicting mortality, providing comprehensive insights into these parameters. This retrospective study was conducted between 2016 and 2021 in the ICU at a university hospital. Demographic data, comorbidities, and ICU length of stay were recorded, while APACHE II scores and laboratory parameters were measured within the first 24 hours following ICU admission. The study compared survivors and non-survivors using a 1:1 matching methodology. The association of these variables with mortality was statistically analyzed. The study included 540 patients, with a mean age of 64.1 ± 16.6 years and 62.4% were male. The mortality rate was 50%, and non-survivors were slightly older than survivors (65.3 ± 12.5 vs 63.1 ± 13.5 years, P = .12). Hypertension (43.3% vs 24.1%, P < .001), coronary artery disease (16.7% vs 6.7%, P < .001), and chronic renal failure (13% vs 3%, P < .001) were significantly higher in non-survivors. Increased mortality was significantly associated with higher lactate levels (5.78 ± 2.98 vs 3.11 ± 2.11 mmol/L, P < .001), higher CRP/albumin ratios (36.45 ± 26.42 vs 18.15 ± 14.57, P < .001), and lower albumin levels (3.21 ± 0.56 vs 3.61 ± 0.55 g/dL, P < .001). Additionally, univariate logistic regression analysis showed that each unit increase in WBC (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, P < .001), NEU (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.11, P < .001), PLT (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03, P < .001), and lactate (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.38–1.62, P < .001) was associated with an increased risk of mortality. This study highlights that CRP/albumin ratio, lactate levels and comorbidities are significantly associated with increased mortality in ICU patients. Moreover, unit increases in WBC, NEU, and PLT were also linked to a higher mortality risk. These findings can improve clinical management through the early identification of high-risk patients in ICUs.

OBJECTIVES: Skull base is an important and a challenging area for surgeons. Success in skull base surgery depends on various factors such as pre-operative evaluation, appropriate surgical technique, anesthesia duration, intraoperative neuromonitorization and wound care. MATERIALS and METHODS: This study was performed in the Anatomy dissection laboratory of M.U. Medical Faculty (Ethical committee approval number 2010-103). Twelve fetuses between 17-33 gestational weeks fixed with formaldehyde were enrolled to the study. RESULTS: This study was planned to investigate the cross sectional areas of the sigmoid sinus in three levels to compare the right-left sides and the probable relationship among the levels in fetuses to further delineate the developmental factors on jugular foramen asymmetry. The cross-sectional measurements of sigmoid sinus lumen were done on 3 levels which are described as A1 level; sinodural angle, A2 level; the midpoint between the sinodural angle and endocranial orifice and A3 level as the entrance (endo-cranial orifice) of the jugular foramen. There is a strong positive correlation between left (L) A1 and L A2 and also the same for L A1 and right (R) A2. These strong and positive correlations are all valid between L A2-L A3, L A2-R A2, L A2-R A3, L A3-R A3, R A1-R A2. CONCLUSION: Multicenter studies would be beneficial to investigate the topic with greater number of fetuses also on the different regions for genetic differences. Cite this article as: Özalp H, Aktekin M, Hamzaoğlu V, Vayisoğlu Y, Karataş MA, Karşıyaka D, et al. The Comparison of the Right and Left Sigmoid Sinus Cross-Sectional Areas in Fetal Period and the Factors Affecting the Venous Dominance. J Int Adv Otol 2019; 15(3): 409-14.