Influenza A virus (IAV) requires the host cellular machinery for many aspects of its life cycle. Knowledge of these host cell requirements not only reveals molecular pathways exploited by the virus or triggered by the immune system but also provides further targets for antiviral drug development. To uncover critical pathways and potential targets of influenza infection, we assembled a large amount of data from 8 RNA sequencing studies of IAV infection for integrative network analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to investigate modules and genes correlated with the time course of infection and/or multiplicity of infection (MOI). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions and pathways of the genes in 5 significant modules. Top hub genes were identified using the cytoHubba plugin in the protein interaction network. The correlation between expression levels of 7 top hub genes and time course or MOI was displayed and validated, including BCL2L13, PLSCR1, ARID5A, LMO2, NDRG4, HAP1, and CARD10. Dysregulated expression of these genes potently impacted the development of IAV infection through modulating IAV-related biological processes and pathways. This study provides further insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential targets in IAV infection.

Background The training of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) talents in Hong Kong is highly valued by the state, and still not enough training courses were carried out to meet the needs both of the government and talents in Hong Kong. This study carried out 2 sessions of short-term training for Hong Kong trainees, and integrated implementation framework to help develop future talent training strategies in Hong Kong. Methods This study carried out a questionnaire survey among Hong Kong TCM practitioners who participated in two short-term TCM training courses. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with 70 Hong Kong participants from 2 short-term TCM training. American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) was conducted to analyze assessment indicators. Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to analysis the barriers and the implementation strategies. Results 59 valid questionnaires were obtained among 62 participants in the questionnaire survey. Trainees showed satisfaction for courses generally (4.4703 out of 5), and was mainly influenced by their expectations, perceived quality and value. Main barriers were in the domains of “Inner settings”, “Charactaristics of Individuals”, “Progress”, and “Innovation Characteristics”. The background of official organization training avoids most of the hindering factors and enhances the integrity and continuity of the training implementation. The lack of innovative management, an open working environment, and good information sharing are the main hindering reasons. 7 Strategies outcomes were recommended by CFIR-ERIC Barrier Buster Tool. Conclusions Besides fulfilling the current talent demands, attention should also be bestowed on the aspects of enhancing communication among stakeholders, forming qualified implementation teams, and engaging in more detailed and scientific communication, etc. More training for TCM talents should be carried out under the professional design in the future.