Background: One important concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is "treating different diseases with the same therapy". In TCM practice, some patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and some other patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) can be treated with similar therapies. This suggests that there might be something commonly existed between RA and CHD, for example, biological networks or biological basis. As the amount of biomedical data in leading databases (i.e., PubMed, SinoMed, etc.) is growing at an exponential rate, it might be possible to get something interesting and meaningful through the techniques developed in data mining.Results: Based on the large data sets of Western medicine literature (PubMed) and traditional Chinese medicine literature (SinoMed), by applying data slicing algorithm in text mining, we retrieved some simple and meaningful networks. The Chinese herbs used in treatment of both RA and CHD, might affect the commonly existed networks between RA and CHD. This might support the TCM concept of treating different diseases with the same therapy.Conclusions: First, the data mining results might show the positive answer that there are biological basis/networks commonly existed in both RA and CHD. Second, there are basic Chinese herbs used in the treatment of both RA and CHD. Third, these commonly existed networks might be affected by the basic Chinese herbs. Forth, discrete derivative, the data slicing algorithm is feasible in mining out useful data from literature of PubMed and SinoMed.

Influenza A virus (IAV) requires the host cellular machinery for many aspects of its life cycle. Knowledge of these host cell requirements not only reveals molecular pathways exploited by the virus or triggered by the immune system but also provides further targets for antiviral drug development. To uncover critical pathways and potential targets of influenza infection, we assembled a large amount of data from 8 RNA sequencing studies of IAV infection for integrative network analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to investigate modules and genes correlated with the time course of infection and/or multiplicity of infection (MOI). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions and pathways of the genes in 5 significant modules. Top hub genes were identified using the cytoHubba plugin in the protein interaction network. The correlation between expression levels of 7 top hub genes and time course or MOI was displayed and validated, including BCL2L13, PLSCR1, ARID5A, LMO2, NDRG4, HAP1, and CARD10. Dysregulated expression of these genes potently impacted the development of IAV infection through modulating IAV-related biological processes and pathways. This study provides further insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential targets in IAV infection.

Background: Influenza lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) impose substantial mortality burden in children under five globally, yet, comprehensive analyses of their long-term spatiotemporal disease burden patterns remain underexplored. The research aimed to estimate the death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by influenza LRTIs for children under five in 204 countries and territories over the period 1990 to 2021. Methods: Epidemiologic data on influenza LRTIs, including death and DALYs, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database across global, regional, and national strata. Results: Globally, influenza LRTIs caused 27,615 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 20,128–36,852] deaths and 2,460,833 (95% UI: 1,796,287–3,280,725) DALYs in children under five in 2021, representing an 83.46% decline in deaths and 83.47% reduction in DALYs since 1990. Death and DALY rates decreased by 84.41% and 84.43%, respectively, with accelerated declines after 2020. Boys consistently exhibited higher mortality and DALYs across, with the largest gender disparity in neonates aged 0–6 days. The 1–5 months age group remained the most vulnerable, though all age strata showed marked burden reductions compared to 1990. Low socio-demographic index (SDI) regions bore the highest burden in 2021, with death and DALY rates of 9.42 and 837.39 per 100,000, despite experiencing the most substantial percentage reductions. Consistent with this pattern, the socioeconomic inequality analysis revealed a substantial narrowing of absolute disparities [slope index of inequality (SII): −4,703.6 to −581.9] concurrent with a deepening of relative inequality [concentration index (CI): −0.46 to −0.61]. Western Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia had the highest absolute mortality (10,145 and 9,382 deaths) and DALYs (900,693 and 839,480). Conclusions: From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of influenza LRTIs in children under five showed a significant decline, with accelerated progress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, low SDI regions exhibited the steepest declines yet retained the highest mortality rates, with the burden becoming increasingly concentrated in these areas. These findings highlight the urgent need for equitable vaccine distribution, strengthened neonatal care in high-burden areas, and gender-sensitive health policies to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 and mitigate preventable child deaths.

Background: Dislocation of shoulder joint is the most prone to occurrence in all joints of human body, which is common in young people and has a high recurrence rate. It is mainly treated by conservative treatment. External rotation and internal rotation fixation are 2 common conservative therapies in clinical practice. Therefore, we conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 2 treatments. Methods: Nine electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP Database, will be searched to find and include randomized controlled trials that meet inclusion criteria. RevMan5.3 will be used for data analysis and synthesis in this study. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will also be performed if necessary. In addition, GRADE will be used in the evaluation of evidence hierarchy. Results: This study will analyze and integrate the original evidence so far for clinical efficacy and safety of immobilization in external rotation and internal rotation on shoulder dislocation. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study will conclude higher evidence and suggestions for the treatment of shoulder dislocation, so as to further guide clinical decision making. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018106030.

Background: Previous studies have examined bioactive constituents of Prunus dulcis oil, Pinus sylvestris essential oil, and related phytochemical matrices separately; however, their combined chemical profile, comparator-context molecular-docking landscape, and comparative cellular response in melanoma and non-malignant fibroblast models remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: The analyzed study samples were profiled by GC/MS and GC/FID-based fatty-acid methyl ester analysis. An archived molecular-docking dataset was used to summarize structurally plausible interactions of six formulation-associated markers with eight melanoma-relevant or melanoma-adjacent targets and to present representative three-dimensional complexes. Because complete protocol metadata and co-crystallized-ligand redocking records were unavailable, the computational findings were interpreted descriptively. Neutral-red uptake assays assessed the 24 h viability of B16F10 melanoma cells and MRC-5 fibroblasts after exposure to each oil, the dual-oil formulation, or cisplatin. Four-parameter logistic models provided estimated IC₅₀ values, and exact two-sided permutation tests were used for Spearman rank analyses. Results: The dual-oil formulation yielded estimated IC₅₀ values of 1.42% v/v in B16F10 cells and 4.85% v/v in MRC-5 cells, corresponding to an apparent selectivity index of 3.41. The complete eight-concentration series was non-monotonic and showed no significant rank association (B16F10: ρs = −0.4286, exact p = 0.2992; MRC-5: ρs = −0.3810, exact p = 0.3599). In a post hoc analysis of the descending branch (≥0.37% v/v), the association was perfect in B16F10 cells (ρs = −1.0000, exact p = 0.0167) but did not reach significance in MRC-5 cells (ρs = −0.9000, exact p = 0.0833). The docking matrix identified target-dependent numerical prioritization patterns; however, small score differences were not interpreted as evidence of stronger binding or cellular target engagement. Conclusions: The findings define an exploratory chemical–computational–cellular framework and a preliminary formulation-level viability phenotype. They do not establish synergy, apoptosis, pathway modulation, therapeutic efficacy, or clinical safety. Independent multi-batch chemical confirmation, a fully documented and redocking-validated computational protocol, expanded melanoma and normal-skin cell panels, orthogonal functional assays, longer exposure periods, mechanistic validation, and subsequent in vivo studies are required.

Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae are major Gram-positive patho-gens implicated in recurrent and invasive genital infections, and the rise of antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for alternative localized therapies. This study combined molecular docking with a prospective pilot clinical evaluation of an essential-oil-based vaginal capsule formulation intended for localized intravaginal administration. Terpinen-4-ol, isoflavone, and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) were analyzed against two bacterial targets - the redox-sensing transcriptional repressor Rex from S. agalactiae and the protein tyrosine phosphatase from S. pyogenes - using the 1-Click Docking platform and the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm. In parallel, 47 women aged 19-27 years were identified with vaginal and/or cervical colonization or infection caused by S. agalactiae or S. pyogenes, and 34 of them entered a prospective pilot treatment study with once-daily vaginal capsules for 7 days; persistent positive cases received an additional 7-day course. Isoflavone and SDG showed the most favorable interactions against the S. agalactiae target, while SDG also displayed comparatively favorable interaction against the S. pyogenes target. In the clinical pilot cohort, microbiological eradication after completion of therapy reached 91.7% for S. agalactiae and 80.0% for S. pyogenes. The parallel trend between stronger in silico prioritization for the S. agalactiae-directed target and higher clinical eradication in the pilot cohort supports a cautious translational hypothesis, but the absence of a control group, the limited sample size, and the exploratory nature of the clinical dataset require restrained interpretation. Overall, these findings support further controlled studies designed to test whether the computationally prioritized phytocompounds contribute to measurable in vivo benefit within localized antimicrobial strategies.