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Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global social, economic, and health challenge that is associated with premature death and long-term disability. In the context of rapid development of urbanization, the analysis of TBI rate and mortality trend could provide abundant diagnosis and treatment suggestions, which helps to form future reference on public health strategies.Methods: In this study, as one of major neurosurgical centers in China, we focused on the regime shift of TBI based on 18-year consecutive clinical data and evaluated the epidemiological features. In our current study, a total of 11,068 TBI patients were reviewed.Results: The major cause of TBI was road traffic injuries (44.%), while the main type of injury was cerebral contusion (n = 4,974 [44.94%]). Regarding to temporal changes, a decreasing trend in TBI incidence for patients under 44 years old was observed, while an increasing trend for those aged over 45 years was indicated. Incidences of RTI and assaults decreased, while ground level fall presented increasing incidences. The total number of deaths was 933 (8.43%), with a decreasing trend in overall mortality since 2011. Age, cause of injury, GCS at admission, Injury Severity Score, shock state at admission, trauma-related diagnoses and treatments were significantly associated with mortality. A predictive nomogram model for poor prognosis was developed based on patient's GOS scores at discharge.Conclusions: The trends and characteristics of TBI patients changed with rapid development of urbanization in the past 18 years. Further larger studies are warranted to verify its clinical suggestions.

The inhomogeneity of spectral pixel response is an unavoidable phenomenon in hyperspectral imaging, which is mainly manifested by the existence of inhomogeneity banding noise in the acquired hyperspectral data. It must be carried out to get rid of this type of striped noise since it is frequently uneven and densely distributed, which negatively impacts data processing and application. By analyzing the source of the instrument noise, this work first created a novel non-uniform noise removal method for a spatial dimensional push sweep hyperspectral imaging system. Clean and clear medical hyperspectral brain tumor tissue images were generated by combining scene-based and reference-based non-uniformity correction denoising algorithms, providing a strong basis for further diagnosis and classification. The precise procedure entails gathering the reference dark background image for rectification and the actual medical hyperspectral brain tumor image. The original hyperspectral brain tumor image is then smoothed using a weighted least squares algorithm model embedded with bilateral filtering (BLF-WLS), followed by a calculation and separation of the instrument fixed-mode fringe noise component from the acquired reference dark background image. The purpose of eliminating non-uniform fringe noise is achieved. In comparison to other common image denoising methods, the evaluation is based on the subjective effect and unreferenced image denoising evaluation indices. The approach discussed in this paper, according to the experiments, produces the best results in terms of the subjective effect and unreferenced image denoising evaluation indices (MICV and MNR). The image processed by this method has almost no residual non-uniform noise, the image is clear, and the best visual effect is achieved. It can be concluded that different denoising methods designed for different noises have better denoising effects on hyperspectral images. The non-uniformity denoising method designed in this paper based on a spatial dimension push-sweep hyperspectral imaging system can be widely used.

Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a prominent contributor to both morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. The monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is crucial in the management of sTBI patients. Nevertheless, the appropriate timing for the placement of ICP monitor in elderly sTBI patients remains uncertain. To determine the optimal timing for the placement of ICP monitor in elderly sTBI patients, in this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from elderly patients (> 65 years) who suffered sTBI and received ICP monitors at Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, between January 2011 and December 2021. To examine the relationship between the time of ICP monitor placement and in-hospital mortality, we conducted a multi-variate-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was applied to further analyze the influencing factors contributing to early or late ICP monitor placements. A total of 283 eligible elderly TBI patients were included in the current analysis. The in-hospital mortality rate was 73 out of 283 (26%). The RCS analysis demonstrated an inverted U-shaped curve in the relationship between the timing of ICP monitor placement and in-hospital mortality. For the elderly sTBI patient cohort, 6 h was identified as the crucial moment for the treatment strategy. In addition, the protective time window for ICP placement was less than 4.92 h for the GCS 3-5 group, and less than 8.26 h for the GCS 6-8 group. However, the clinical benefit of ICP placement decreased gradually over time. The relationship between ICP placement and in-hospital mortality was non-linear, exhibiting an inverted U-shaped curve in elderly patients with sTBI. For elderly patients with sTBI, early (≤ 6 h) ICP placement was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality. The clinical benefit of ICP placement decreased beyond the optimal time window.

Objective: This study aims to perform a scientometric analysis of global research on chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) spanning the years 2001 to 2025, with the goal of elucidating publication trends, geographic and institutional contributions, and emerging research frontiers. Methods: We analyzed 2,010 English articles from the Web of Science Core Collection using scientometric tools like CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica. Simultaneously, we reviewed clinical trials from PubMed to evaluate clinical progress. The analysis included annual publication counts, country and institution contributions, journal and reference co-citation networks, and keyword co-occurrence and burst detection. Results: The number of annual publications increased significantly from 40 publications (2000–2009) to 190 publications (2020–2025). The United States (22.4%), China (14.5%), and Japan (13.8%) emerged as the leading contributors. Prominent academic institutions included the University of Cambridge (62 publications), and Harvard University (42 publications). The research trajectory can be categorized into three distinct phases: an initial emphasis on the standardization of surgical procedures, specifically burr-hole drainage; a subsequent phase in the 2010s marked by pharmacological advancements, notably the efficacy of atorvastatin; and a recent focus on minimally invasive techniques, particularly middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE). Conclusion: The management of CSDH has evolved towards integrated “drug-intervention-surgery” models, with MMAE and pharmacotherapy representing the forefront of current research. Future research priorities should include the exploration of genomic signatures, the development of biocompatible embolic materials, and the establishment of global multicenter collaborations to enhance precision management strategies.

Objective: Glioma demonstrates age-specific molecular profiles and heightened aggressiveness in older adults, yet research remains predominantly focused on younger populations. Amid global aging and rising incidence, tailored therapeutic strategies for elderly patients are urgently needed. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on glioma in the elderly, aiming to map research output, identify knowledge gaps, and highlight interdisciplinary innovations. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in the Web of Science Core Collection, finding 1,299 relevant publications, and reviewed randomized controlled trials from PubMed to assess clinical progress. We used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze temporal trends, contributions by countries and institutions, collaboration networks, journal impact, co-citations, keyword clusters, and emerging research frontiers. Results: Annual publications increased 4.3-fold from 2001 to 2025. The U.S. (32.8%), Italy (12.4%), and Germany (11.0%) were the leading contributors. Research evolution progressed through three phases: histopathological classification (2001–2013), therapy standardization with radiotherapy/temozolomide (2014–2018), and molecular stratification focusing on MGMT methylation (2019–2025). Key institutions included the University of Zurich and Mayo Clinic. Keyword clustering highlighted aging-related priorities such as surgical management, geriatric assessment, and molecular phenotypes. Conclusion: Significant gaps persist in elderly glioma research, particularly regarding age-related comorbidities and molecular heterogeneity. While clinical trials have established treatment frameworks, future studies should integrate geriatric assessments, tumor microenvironment dynamics, and cross-disciplinary approaches. Dominance by Western institutions underscores opportunities for global collaboration, especially with rapidly aging nations.