Background: Low-grade gliomas (LGGs), which are the second most common intracranial tumor, are diagnosed in seven out of one million people, tending to develop in younger people. Tumor stem cells and immune cells are important in the development of tumorigenesis. However, research on prognostic factors linked to the immune microenvironment and stem cells in LGG patients is limited. We critically need accurate related tools for assessing the risk of LGG patients. Methods: In this study, we aimed to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) in LGG based on the mRNAsi score. We employed differentially expressed gene (DEG) methods and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The risk signature was then further established using a lasso Cox regression analysis and a multivariate Cox analysis. Next, we used immunohistochemical sections (HPA) and a survival analysis to identify the hub genes. A nomogram was built to assess the prognosis of patients based on their clinical information and risk scores and was validated using a DCA curve, among other methods. Results: Four hub genes were obtained: C3AR1 (HR = 0.98, p < 0.001), MSR1 (HR = 1.02, p < 0.001), SLC11A1 (HR = 1.01, p < 0.01), and IL-10 (HR = 1.01, p < 0.001). For LGG patients, we created an immune-related prognostic signature (IPS) based on mRNAsi for estimating risk scores; different risk groups showed significantly different survival rates (p = 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁶). Then, via an evaluation of the IRG-related signature, we created a nomogram for predicting LGG survival probability. Conclusion: The outcome suggests that, when predicting the prognosis of LGG patients, our nomogram was more effective than the IPS. In this study, four immune-related predictive biomarkers for LGG were identified and proven to be IRGs. Therefore, the development of efficient immunotherapy techniques can be facilitated by the creation of the IPS.

The inhibitor of growth (ING) family of proteins is emerging as a pivotal regulator of epigenetic modifications within the nervous system. These proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle control, and DNA repair, through interactions with chromatin-modifying complexes. Recent studies underscore the dual role of ING proteins in both tumor suppression and neuronal differentiation, development, and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the epigenetic functions of ING proteins in neurobiology, with a focus on their involvement in neural development and their relevance to neuro-oncological diseases. We explore the mechanisms by which ING proteins influence chromatin state and gene expression, highlighting their interactions with histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, DNA modification enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. A deeper understanding of the role of ING proteins in epigenetic regulation in the nervous system may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting neurological disorders.