Stored grain pests cause significant economic losses during cereal grain storage. Insecticides have long been central to pest control; however, growing concerns over resistance, environmental harm, and human health demand alternative strategies. Diatomaceous earth (DE) treatments are a safe, eco-friendly alternative to insecticides, although their efficacy depends on the temperature, humidity, dose, and insect species. This study assessed the insecticidal effects of two natively-sourced raw (Ankara and Aydin) and one commercial (Silico-Sec) DE treatments against the key pest species Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) on stored wheat. Five doses (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm) of each DE treatment were tested under two temperatures (25 °C and 30 °C) and two humidity levels (40% and 60%). Mortality was assessed at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment (DAT). All DE treatments caused higher mortality in S. granarius than R. dominica. The highest mortality occurred in S. granarius at 30 °C and 40% RH with the highest dose. Aydin DE was most effective, but did not reach 100% mortality in S. granarius by 21 DAT. In contrast, it caused 100% mortality in R. dominica under the same conditions. There was no F₁ progeny produced by surviving individuals of both species. Given the similarity of the environmental conditions to the optimal conditions for DE efficacy present in Turkish storage facilities, natively sourced Aydin DE is a promising control option.

Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (EPPO code LAPHFR) is a polyphagous pest infesting various crops in numerous regions of the world. Nevertheless, it has been reported from Türkiye recently; therefore, modeling its potential spread could help to halt further spread by monitoring and biosecurity efforts. Habitat suitability of LAPHFR was modeled by the Maximum entropy Entropy Model (MaxEnt) under current (1970-2000) and future (2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, 2081-2100) climatic conditions in Türkiye. The model was trained and tested with 6667 global occurrence records and 12 environmental variables. The model with linear class feature and regularization multiplier of 1 was found to be optimum; therefore, all simulations were performed under these settings. The results revealed that the model predicted the habitat suitability of LAPHFR with high precision (AUC = 0.80). The bio12 (annual precipitation), followed by bio1 (annual mean temperature) and bio11 (mean temperature of coldest quarter), had the highest contributions towards model training, whereas bio1, bio10 (mean temperature of warmest quarter), and bio12 were the most influential predictors essential for the distribution of LAPHFR. Highly suitable areas for LAPHFR under the current climate, which will contract in the future. Overall, LAPHFR had high spread potential to the Black Sea and southeastern Anatolia regions in the country. The model predicted that LAPHFR has extensive spread potential to the other regions from where it has not been reported yet in the country. Therefore, urgent management and biosecurity efforts are needed in the areas having high habitat suitability for LAPHFR in the country.