This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have emerged as an effective and attractive approach for stormwater management, prevention of water pollution and flood control due to its sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost-effective approaches. One of the SuDS devices widely used to infiltrate, store and treat surface runoff which allows it to recharge groundwater is the pervious paving systems (PPS). Previous studies have demonstrated relatively high pollution removal efficiencies typically ranging from 98.7% for total hydrocarbons to 89% of COD. Although a small number of the studies have assessed the performance characteristics of the PPS system in long-established installations in terms of retention of pollutants, hydrological features, biodegradation of pollutants etc., none has assessed the risk of potential groundwater and soil pollution by pollutants such as metals retained in the PPS materials either as a disposed waste material (in the case of used geotextiles) or during re-use as secondary aggregates. Thus, this study evaluated potential risks associated with the decommissioning and beneficial use of wastes produced during the disassembly of a PPS. The authors believe that this was the first PPS to be addressed in this way. The method involved the determination of leachable concentrations of 14 metals in the PPS samples made up of extracts from the model profile which included the geotextile fibre (G), dust alone (D), aggregates and dust (AD), aggregates alone (AA) and pavement blocks (P) which were analysed and compared with two different groups of regulatory threshold limits. The results showed that the measured concentrations of all the metals were below the appropriate threshold values for irrigation purposes as specified by FAO and USEPA. Furthermore, results all indicated that the dismantled materials were all below EU LFD WAC limits for inert waste, indicating relative ease of disposal and suitability for use as recycled aggregate. This, admittedly limited data, indicates that recycling of aggregates from demolition wastes arising from end of life PPS would not be limited by the potential leaching of heavy metals, including re-use within another PPS. This would minimise dependence on virgin aggregates and hence reduce rate of exploitation of natural resources and improve sustainability score card of SuDS.
Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Stephen J. Coupe; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. State of a sustainable drainage system at end-of-life: assessment of potential water pollution by leached metals from recycled pervious pavement materials when used as secondary aggregate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 27, 4630 -4639.
AMA StyleFredrick U. Mbanaso, Susanne M. Charlesworth, Stephen J. Coupe, Alan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi. State of a sustainable drainage system at end-of-life: assessment of potential water pollution by leached metals from recycled pervious pavement materials when used as secondary aggregate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 27 (5):4630-4639.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFredrick U. Mbanaso; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Stephen J. Coupe; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. 2019. "State of a sustainable drainage system at end-of-life: assessment of potential water pollution by leached metals from recycled pervious pavement materials when used as secondary aggregate." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 5: 4630-4639.
Pervious pavement systems can have a life span of about 20 years but, at end-of-life, it becomes necessary to evaluate the state of the infrastructure to determine whether they pose a health and safety risk to workers during dismantling, and also determine potential reuse of the waste material generated. In this paper, we report of an investigation conducted to evaluate whether Pervious pavement systems are hazardous to human health at end-of-life and also to assess the mobility of the stormwater pollutants trapped in the system as a measure of their potential release to receiving systems such as water-bodies and groundwater systems. After decommissioning, the pervious pavement structure was sampled for analysis including Gas Chromatography, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and, leachate analysis. Results show that carcinogenic risks were significantly below the regulatory limit of 1 × 10 while, the hazard quotients and cumulative hazard indices were also below regulatory value of 1, based on United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Furthermore, mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were significantly less than the UK soil guideline values. The results of the leachate analysis show that the metals of concern, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd and Cu were all below the threshold for reuse applications such as irrigation purposes as they were all below the regulatory limits such as Food and Agriculture Organization and, United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Finally, the evaluation of potential reuse and recycling purposes indicate that wastes generated from the dismantling of the PPS are within limits for recycling as aggregates for other civil engineering projects as per European Union standards. This has potential to enhance UK's drive to achieve the target of 70% level of construction & demolition waste recovery for reuse and recycling by the year 2020 as per European Union Water Framework Directive.
F.U. Mbanaso; S.M. Charlesworth; S.J. Coupe; A.P. Newman; E.O. Nnadi. Reuse of materials from a Sustainable Drainage System device: Health, Safety and Environment assessment for an end-of-life Pervious Pavement Structure. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 650, 1759 -1770.
AMA StyleF.U. Mbanaso, S.M. Charlesworth, S.J. Coupe, A.P. Newman, E.O. Nnadi. Reuse of materials from a Sustainable Drainage System device: Health, Safety and Environment assessment for an end-of-life Pervious Pavement Structure. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 650 ():1759-1770.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF.U. Mbanaso; S.M. Charlesworth; S.J. Coupe; A.P. Newman; E.O. Nnadi. 2019. "Reuse of materials from a Sustainable Drainage System device: Health, Safety and Environment assessment for an end-of-life Pervious Pavement Structure." Science of The Total Environment 650, no. : 1759-1770.
The oil industry is plagued with regular incidences of spills into the environment, causing environmental damage to flora and fauna, especially in marine environments where spills easily travel long distances from their sources. This study was carried out to investigate a simple two-step process for the conversion of waste cigarette filters into a superhydrophobic and oleophilic sorbent for application in oil/water separation and spill clean-up. Ultrasonically cleaned filters were surface modified by chemical vapour deposition using methyltrichlorosilane. The results show that the functionalised waste filters achieved superhydrophobic properties with a water contact angle of 154 ± 3.5°, adsorbing 16 to 26 times their weights in various oils, which is a better oil sorption performance than those of commercially available non-woven polypropylene adsorbents. Also, the sorption capacity did not significantly deteriorate after 20 cycles of reuse, with up to 75% sorption capacity retained. The surface modified filters demonstrated excellent water repellency, oil sorption, and recyclability showing their potential application for full scale oil spill clean-up.
Augustine O. Ifelebuegu; Egetadobobari E. Lale; Fredrick Mbanaso; Stephen C. Theophilus. Facile Fabrication of Recyclable, Superhydrophobic, and Oleophilic Sorbent from Waste Cigarette Filters for the Sequestration of Oil Pollutants from an Aqueous Environment. Processes 2018, 6, 140 .
AMA StyleAugustine O. Ifelebuegu, Egetadobobari E. Lale, Fredrick Mbanaso, Stephen C. Theophilus. Facile Fabrication of Recyclable, Superhydrophobic, and Oleophilic Sorbent from Waste Cigarette Filters for the Sequestration of Oil Pollutants from an Aqueous Environment. Processes. 2018; 6 (9):140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugustine O. Ifelebuegu; Egetadobobari E. Lale; Fredrick Mbanaso; Stephen C. Theophilus. 2018. "Facile Fabrication of Recyclable, Superhydrophobic, and Oleophilic Sorbent from Waste Cigarette Filters for the Sequestration of Oil Pollutants from an Aqueous Environment." Processes 6, no. 9: 140.
A novel drainage system and animal unit flooring system has recently been developed which maximises the comfort and welfare of animals housed on it and at the same time allows separation of urine and faeces, reducing the conversion of urea to ammonia and thus reducing nitrogen release to the atmosphere. The system is based on plastic void forming units originally designed for stormwater control purposes. These units are covered with a perforated foam, made from recycled foam waste, and a high strength textile. Cattle, goats, and horses have been preference tested on this surface and have been shown to prefer it to traditional straw covered flooring. Cattle spend a long time lying down on this surface and this can potentially increase milk yields. A robot is used to clean faeces off the floor continually and if it encounters an animal it will avoid it and return to that place later. Urine is filtered through the textile and is available for use as a liquid fertiliser. This paper reviews the construction of the system and report on the work done on both survival of mastitis-causing organisms in the fabric and foam layers and the drainage behaviour of liquids expressed from the foam by animal movements.
Alan P. Newman; Fredrick Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Luis Ángel Sañudo Fontaneda; Andrew B. Shuttleworth. Drainage of Animal Housing Units for Maximum Animal Welfare and Environmental Control Studies on Microbiological Safety and Drainage Behaviour. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAlan P. Newman, Fredrick Mbanaso, Ernest O. Nnadi, Luis Ángel Sañudo Fontaneda, Andrew B. Shuttleworth. Drainage of Animal Housing Units for Maximum Animal Welfare and Environmental Control Studies on Microbiological Safety and Drainage Behaviour. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlan P. Newman; Fredrick Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Luis Ángel Sañudo Fontaneda; Andrew B. Shuttleworth. 2018. "Drainage of Animal Housing Units for Maximum Animal Welfare and Environmental Control Studies on Microbiological Safety and Drainage Behaviour." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018 , no. : 1.
Filter drains are usually laid along the margins of highways. Highway runoffs are polluted with hydrocarbons and high levels of total dissolved solids. Therefore, effective pollution removal mechanism is necessary in order to avoid contamination of surrounding soils and groundwater. Biodegradation is amongst pollution removal mechanisms in filter drains, but it is a relatively slow process which is dependent on wide range of factors including the type of pollutant and availability of nutrients. This paper reports on a study conducted to investigate the impact of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in enhancement of biodegradation of hydrocarbon in filter drains. Filter drain models incorporated with geotextile were challenged with cumulative oil loading of 178 mg/m2/week with a view to comparing the efficiency of these two nutrient sources under high oil pollution loading and realistic rainfall conditions of 13 mm/week. Nutrients and street dust were applied at one-off rate of 17 g/m2 and 1.55 g/rig to provide nutrient enhancement and simulate field conditions respectively. The impact of the nutrients was studied by monitoring bacterial and fungal growth using nutrient agar, Rose Bengal Agar media and CO2 evolution. EC, pH, heavy metals, TPH, elemental analysis and SAR were used to investigate water quality of effluent of filter drains for potential application as irrigation fluid for trees and flowers planted on road verges. The results show that nutrient application encouraged microbial activities and enhanced biodegradation rates with differences in type of nutrient applied. Also, it was observed that incorporation of geotextiles in filter drains improved pollution retention efficiency and there is a potential opportunity for utilization of struvite in SuDS systems as sustainable nutrient source.
Stephen C. Theophilus; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Kingsley T. Onyedeke. Investigation of the effects of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in biodegradation in filter drains and potential application of treated water in irrigation of road verges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 19298 -19312.
AMA StyleStephen C. Theophilus, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Ernest O. Nnadi, Kingsley T. Onyedeke. Investigation of the effects of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in biodegradation in filter drains and potential application of treated water in irrigation of road verges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (20):19298-19312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen C. Theophilus; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Kingsley T. Onyedeke. 2017. "Investigation of the effects of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in biodegradation in filter drains and potential application of treated water in irrigation of road verges." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 20: 19298-19312.
Stephen C. Theophilus; Victor Esenowo; Andrew Oyen Arewa; Augustine Ifelebuegu; Ernest Nnadi; Fredrick Mbanaso. Human factors analysis and classification system for the oil and gas industry (HFACS-OGI). Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2017, 167, 168 -176.
AMA StyleStephen C. Theophilus, Victor Esenowo, Andrew Oyen Arewa, Augustine Ifelebuegu, Ernest Nnadi, Fredrick Mbanaso. Human factors analysis and classification system for the oil and gas industry (HFACS-OGI). Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2017; 167 ():168-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen C. Theophilus; Victor Esenowo; Andrew Oyen Arewa; Augustine Ifelebuegu; Ernest Nnadi; Fredrick Mbanaso. 2017. "Human factors analysis and classification system for the oil and gas industry (HFACS-OGI)." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 167, no. : 168-176.
Much of the solid municipal waste generated by society is sent to landfill, where biodegrading processes result in the release of methane, a major contributor to climate change. This work examined the possibility of installing a type of biofilter within paved areas of the landfill site, making use of modified pervious paving, both to allow the escape of ground gas and to avoid contamination of groundwater, using specially designed test models with provision for gas sampling in various chambers. It proposes the incorporation of an active layer within a void forming box with a view to making dual use of the pervious pavement to provide both a drainage feature and a ground gas vent, whilst providing an active layer for the oxidation of methane by microbial action. The methane removal was observed to have been effected by microbial oxidation and as such offers great promise as a method of methane removal to allow for development of landfills.
Stephen J. Coupe; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman. An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 19238 -19246.
AMA StyleStephen J. Coupe, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Alan P. Newman. An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (20):19238-19246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen J. Coupe; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman. 2017. "An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 20: 19238-19246.
Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. Plant Growth Trials on Harvested Water and Waste Sludge from a Macro-Pervious Pavement System in Central Scotland. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 2017, 24 -38.
AMA StyleAndrew B. Shuttleworth, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Alan P. Newman, Christopher N. Dunn, Brian Van Weele. Plant Growth Trials on Harvested Water and Waste Sludge from a Macro-Pervious Pavement System in Central Scotland. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. 2017; ():24-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. 2017. "Plant Growth Trials on Harvested Water and Waste Sludge from a Macro-Pervious Pavement System in Central Scotland." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 , no. : 24-38.
Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations | InTechOpen, Published on: 2017-03-01. Authors: Andrew B. Shuttleworth, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, et
Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Stephen J. Coupe Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Joris G.W.F. Voeten; Alan P. Newman. Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations. Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrew B. Shuttleworth, Ernest O. Nnadi, Stephen J. Coupe Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Joris G.W.F. Voeten, Alan P. Newman. Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations. Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Stephen J. Coupe Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Joris G.W.F. Voeten; Alan P. Newman. 2017. "Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations." Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage , no. : 1.
The suitability of stormwater harvested from pervious pavement system (PPS) structures for reuse purposes was investigated in conditions where glyphosate-containing herbicides (GCH) are applied as part of PPS maintenance procedure. The experiment was based on the four-layered design previously described as detailed in CIRIA C582. Results indicated that the highest sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 1.6 recorded in this study, was less than that at which loss of permeability begins to occur as well as deterioration of matrix structure. Furthermore, the maximum electrical conductivity (ECw) of 2990 μS cm−1, recorded for 7200 mg L−1 concentration (GCH) was slightly below the unstable classification range at which salinity problems related to water quality occur such that salts accumulate in the root zone to the extent that crop yields are adversely affected. However, GCH concentration of 720 mg L−1 was within ‘permissible’ range while that of 72 mg L−1 was within ‘excellent’ range. Current study raises some environmental concerns owing to the overall impact that GCH at concentrations above 72 mg L−1 exerts on the net performance of the organic decomposers, heavy metal and hydrocarbon release from the system and thus, should be further investigated. However, effluent from all the test models including those dosed with high GCH concentration of 7200 mg L−1 do not pose any threat in terms of infiltration or deterioration associated with salinity although, there are indications that high dosage of the herbicide could lead to an elevated electrical conductivity of the recycled water.
F. U. Mbanaso; E. O. Nnadi; S. J. Coupe; S. M. Charlesworth. Stormwater harvesting from landscaped areas: effect of herbicide application on water quality and usage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2016, 23, 15970 -15982.
AMA StyleF. U. Mbanaso, E. O. Nnadi, S. J. Coupe, S. M. Charlesworth. Stormwater harvesting from landscaped areas: effect of herbicide application on water quality and usage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016; 23 (16):15970-15982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. U. Mbanaso; E. O. Nnadi; S. J. Coupe; S. M. Charlesworth. 2016. "Stormwater harvesting from landscaped areas: effect of herbicide application on water quality and usage." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 16: 15970-15982.
Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of Pervious and Macro-Pervious Pavements as Harvesting Systems for Localized Landscape and Horticultural Irrigation. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 2015, 1 .
AMA StyleAlan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of Pervious and Macro-Pervious Pavements as Harvesting Systems for Localized Landscape and Horticultural Irrigation. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. 2015; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. 2015. "Evaluation of Pervious and Macro-Pervious Pavements as Harvesting Systems for Localized Landscape and Horticultural Irrigation." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 , no. : 1.
Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Wrapping Filter Drain Pipes in Geotextile for Pollution Prevention in Response to Relatively Large Oil Releases. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 2015, 1 .
AMA StyleAlan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Wrapping Filter Drain Pipes in Geotextile for Pollution Prevention in Response to Relatively Large Oil Releases. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. 2015; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. 2015. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Wrapping Filter Drain Pipes in Geotextile for Pollution Prevention in Response to Relatively Large Oil Releases." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 , no. : 1.
Most available water resources in the world are used for agricultural irrigation. Whilst this level of water use is expected to increase due to rising world population and land use, available water resources are expected to become limited due to climate change and uneven rainfall distribution. Recycled stormwater has the potential to be used as an alternative source of irrigation water and part of sustainable water management strategy. This paper reports on a study to investigate whether a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) technique, known as the pervious pavements system (PPS) has the capability to recycle water that meets irrigation water quality standard. Furthermore, the experiment provided information on the impact of hydrocarbon (which was applied to simulate oil dripping from parked vehicles onto PPS), leaching of nutrients from different layers of the PPS and effects of nutrients (applied to enhance bioremediation) on the stormwater recycling efficiency of the PPS. A weekly dose of 6.23 × 10(-3) L of lubricating oil and single dose of 17.06 g of polymer coated controlled-release fertilizer granules were applied to the series of 710 mm × 360 mm model pervious pavement structure except the controls. Rainfall intensity of 7.4 mm/h was applied to the test models at the rate of 3 events per week. Analysis of the recycled water showed that PPS has the capability to recycle stormwater to a quality that meets the chemical standards for use in agricultural irrigation irrespective of the type of sub-base used. There is a potential benefit of nutrient availability in recycled water for plants, but care should be taken not to dispose of this water in natural water courses as it might result in eutrophication problems.
Ernest O. Nnadi; Alan Newman; Stephen J. Coupe; Fredrick Mbanaso. Stormwater harvesting for irrigation purposes: An investigation of chemical quality of water recycled in pervious pavement system. Journal of Environmental Management 2015, 147, 246 -256.
AMA StyleErnest O. Nnadi, Alan Newman, Stephen J. Coupe, Fredrick Mbanaso. Stormwater harvesting for irrigation purposes: An investigation of chemical quality of water recycled in pervious pavement system. Journal of Environmental Management. 2015; 147 ():246-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnest O. Nnadi; Alan Newman; Stephen J. Coupe; Fredrick Mbanaso. 2015. "Stormwater harvesting for irrigation purposes: An investigation of chemical quality of water recycled in pervious pavement system." Journal of Environmental Management 147, no. : 246-256.
Pervious Pavement Systems are Sustainable Drainage devices that meet the three-fold SUDS functions of stormwater quantity reduction, quality improvement and amenity benefits. This paper reports on a study to determine the impact of different concentrations of glyphosate-containing herbicides on non-target microorganisms and on the pollutant retention performance of PPS. The experiment was conducted using 0.0484 m2 test rigs based on a four-layered design. Previous studies have shown that PPS can trap up to 98.7% of applied hydrocarbons, but results of this study show that application of glyphosate-containing herbicides affected this capability as 15%, 9% and 5% of added hydrocarbons were released by high (7200 mg L−1), medium (720 mg L−1) and low (72 mg L−1) glyphosate-containing herbicides concentrations respectively. The concentrations of nutrients released also indicate a potential for eutrophication if these effluents were to infiltrate into aquifers or be released into surface waters. The effect of glyphosate-containing herbicides application on the bacterial and fungal communities was slightly different; fungi exhibited a “top-down” trend as doses of 7200 mg L−1 glyphosate-containing herbicides yielded the highest fungal growth whilst those with a concentration of 720 mg L−1 glyphosate-containing herbicides applied yielded the highest bacterial growth. In the case of protists, doses of glyphosate-containing herbicides above 72 mg L−1 were fatal, but they survived at the lower concentration, especially the ciliates Colpoda cucullus and Colpoda steinii thus indicating potential for their use as biomarkers of herbicide-polluted environments. Data also showed that at the lowest concentration of glyphosate-containing herbicides (72 mg L−1), biodegradation processes may not be affected as all trophic levels required for optimum biodegradation of contaminants were present.
F.U. Mbanaso; Steve Coupe; S.M. Charlesworth; E.O. Nnadi; A.O. Ifelebuegu. Potential microbial toxicity and non-target impact of different concentrations of glyphosate-containing herbicide (GCH) in a model pervious paving system. Chemosphere 2014, 100, 34 -41.
AMA StyleF.U. Mbanaso, Steve Coupe, S.M. Charlesworth, E.O. Nnadi, A.O. Ifelebuegu. Potential microbial toxicity and non-target impact of different concentrations of glyphosate-containing herbicide (GCH) in a model pervious paving system. Chemosphere. 2014; 100 ():34-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF.U. Mbanaso; Steve Coupe; S.M. Charlesworth; E.O. Nnadi; A.O. Ifelebuegu. 2014. "Potential microbial toxicity and non-target impact of different concentrations of glyphosate-containing herbicide (GCH) in a model pervious paving system." Chemosphere 100, no. : 34-41.
Pervious paving (PPS) model rigs have been used in laboratory‐based experiments to determine the impact of a glyphosate‐containing herbicide (GCH) on the ability of the PPS to retain and biodegrade pollutants. Using three concentrations of GCH (7200, 720, and 72 mg L−1) and used engine oil, it was found that hydrocarbon in the effluent increased with time, and with increasing GCH concentration. Turbidity increased and pH decreased with time, with the highest application of GCH declining by a whole pH unit to become slightly acidic. For Zn, Cu, and Pb, values for the lowest concentration of GCH, whilst slightly higher than the control mirrored its temporal trend and the highest concentration of GCH decreased with time. For the medium GCH concentration, however, Zn and Pb increased toward the end of the monitoring period. Dissolution experiments appeared to confirm speculation that the surfactant in the GCH may be forming an emulsion with the oil facilitating the release of metals associated with the oil. Particulate‐associated pollutants possibly released from the aggregate may be desorbed as the pH declined in the PPS rig. This raises concerns for receiving water quality, particularly with UK legislation encouraging the use of sustainable drainage systems and therefore PPS.
Susanne M. Charlesworth; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Stephen J. Coupe; Ernest O. Nnadi. Utilization of Glyphosate-Containing Herbicides on Pervious Paving Systems: Laboratory-Based Experiments to Determine Impacts on Effluent Water Quality. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2013, 42, 133 -138.
AMA StyleSusanne M. Charlesworth, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Stephen J. Coupe, Ernest O. Nnadi. Utilization of Glyphosate-Containing Herbicides on Pervious Paving Systems: Laboratory-Based Experiments to Determine Impacts on Effluent Water Quality. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2013; 42 (2):133-138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusanne M. Charlesworth; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Stephen J. Coupe; Ernest O. Nnadi. 2013. "Utilization of Glyphosate-Containing Herbicides on Pervious Paving Systems: Laboratory-Based Experiments to Determine Impacts on Effluent Water Quality." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 42, no. 2: 133-138.
An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the effect of glyphosate-containing herbicides (GCHs) on the hydrocarbon retention and biodegradation processes known to occur in pervious pavement systems (PPSs). The PPS test rigs were based on the four-layered design detailed in CIRIA C582. This enabled the pollutant retention capacity of the PPS and biodegradation of retained pollutants by microorganisms to be investigated. The use of test rigs also enabled the impact of GCH on PPS eukaryotic organisms to be studied, by the monitoring of protist bioindicators. Results showed that GCH disrupted hydrocarbon retention by the geotextiles relative to rigs with mineral oil only added, as 9.3% and 24.5% of added hydrocarbon were found in herbicide only rigs and herbicide plus oil rigs respectively. In previous studies, PPS contaminated by mineral oil had been shown to retain 98.7% of added oils and over several weeks, biodegrade this oil in situ. Where GCH was added to experimental models, much higher concentrations of heavy metals, including Pb, Cu, and Zn, were released from the PPS in effluent, particularly where GCH and mineral oil were added together. The source of the majority of the metal contamination was thought to be the used engine oil. The herbicide generally increased the total activity of microbial communities in rig systems and had a stimulating effect on bacterial and fungal population numbers. Although the protists, which are part of the microbial community directly or indirectly responsible for biodegradation, were initially strongly affected by the herbicide, they showed resilience by quickly recovering and increasing their population compared with rigs without added herbicide, including the rigs with mineral oil added to them. However, the presence of herbicide was associated with a decrease in the species richness of recorded protist taxa and a predominance of robust, cosmopolitan or ubiquitous protist genera.
F.U. Mbanaso; Steve Coupe; Susanne Charlesworth; Ernest Nnadi. Laboratory-based experiments to investigate the impact of glyphosate-containing herbicide on pollution attenuation and biodegradation in a model pervious paving system. Chemosphere 2013, 90, 737 -746.
AMA StyleF.U. Mbanaso, Steve Coupe, Susanne Charlesworth, Ernest Nnadi. Laboratory-based experiments to investigate the impact of glyphosate-containing herbicide on pollution attenuation and biodegradation in a model pervious paving system. Chemosphere. 2013; 90 (2):737-746.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF.U. Mbanaso; Steve Coupe; Susanne Charlesworth; Ernest Nnadi. 2013. "Laboratory-based experiments to investigate the impact of glyphosate-containing herbicide on pollution attenuation and biodegradation in a model pervious paving system." Chemosphere 90, no. 2: 737-746.