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Dr. Ernest Nnadi
Department of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, UK

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0 Drinking Water Quality
0 Environmental Engineering
0 Environmental Monitoring
0 Environmental Remediation
0 Environmental Studies

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Sustainable Drainage
Irrigation
Water Quality
Heavy Metals
Sustainable drainage system (SuDS)
Remediation
Sustainability
Environmental Studies
Stormwater Management
environmental pollution
soil remediation
Soil pollution & amendment

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Original article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Environmental Processes
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After several landscape transformations caused by human activities, finding a suitable environment becomes increasingly challenging in urbanized regions. The predominance of non-permeable areas results in a low level of water infiltration. Notwithstanding, even green areas can have high runoff rates, since soil compaction has a decisive influence on the water movement. In places that have a natural predisposition to overflow, these problems are more significant. This study aimed to investigate causes of flooding, highlight the benefits of urban gardening and to propose urban gardening as an alternative to soil improvement in the Corujas Watershed, São Paulo, Brazil. The evaluation was based on: (a) the physical characteristics of the watershed, provided by morphometric analysis and land-use analysis; and (b) the soil compaction rates of an urban garden compared to a riparian forest and a grass area. The morphometric results indicated that the watershed has a significant flood tendency, and the land use map demonstrated that 29.55 % of the soil has some permeability. Nevertheless, this permeability currently varies according to soil management and cover. The grass area presented the highest compaction rates, the riparian forest a medium rate, and Corujas Garden the lowest rate. The garden also has green infrastructures and good management practices, which have led to the appearance and perpetuation of diffuse springs. These results showed that the urban garden activities could improve the physical characteristics of the soil and optimize water infiltration. Subsequent studies will investigate whether this characteristic also applies to other gardens located in different urban watersheds.

ACS Style

Carina Júlia Pensa Corrêa; Kelly Cristina Tonello; Ernest Nnadi. Urban Gardens and Soil Compaction: a Land Use Alternative for Runoff Decrease. Environmental Processes 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Carina Júlia Pensa Corrêa, Kelly Cristina Tonello, Ernest Nnadi. Urban Gardens and Soil Compaction: a Land Use Alternative for Runoff Decrease. Environmental Processes. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carina Júlia Pensa Corrêa; Kelly Cristina Tonello; Ernest Nnadi. 2021. "Urban Gardens and Soil Compaction: a Land Use Alternative for Runoff Decrease." Environmental Processes , no. : 1-18.

Original article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Ambiente & Sociedade
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Urban agriculture has its history tied to the development of civilizations. Aiming to identify the benefits generated by the practice and its motivations, a literature review and later analysis of articles describing current experiences, management characteristics and organization aspects was carried out. In countries with a very high HDI, community gardens and the well-being of the population are prominent themes. Countries with high HDI focus on soil contamination and mitigation of pollution impacts, as countries with an average HDI has as main theme the sustainability of the practice. Finally, low HDI countries discuss their importance for food security. Regardless of the objectives that motivate urban agriculture and research in the area, is evidenced its contribution to the environmental, social and economic quality of cities.

ACS Style

Carina Júlia Pensa Corrêa; Kelly Cristina Tonello; Ernest Nnadi; Alexandra Guidelli Rosa. SEEDING THE CITY: HISTORY AND CURRENT AFFAIRS OF URBAN AGRICULTURE. Ambiente & Sociedade 2020, 23, 1 .

AMA Style

Carina Júlia Pensa Corrêa, Kelly Cristina Tonello, Ernest Nnadi, Alexandra Guidelli Rosa. SEEDING THE CITY: HISTORY AND CURRENT AFFAIRS OF URBAN AGRICULTURE. Ambiente & Sociedade. 2020; 23 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carina Júlia Pensa Corrêa; Kelly Cristina Tonello; Ernest Nnadi; Alexandra Guidelli Rosa. 2020. "SEEDING THE CITY: HISTORY AND CURRENT AFFAIRS OF URBAN AGRICULTURE." Ambiente & Sociedade 23, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have emerged as an effective and attractive approach for stormwater management, prevention of water pollution and flood control due to its sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost-effective approaches. One of the SuDS devices widely used to infiltrate, store and treat surface runoff which allows it to recharge groundwater is the pervious paving systems (PPS). Previous studies have demonstrated relatively high pollution removal efficiencies typically ranging from 98.7% for total hydrocarbons to 89% of COD. Although a small number of the studies have assessed the performance characteristics of the PPS system in long-established installations in terms of retention of pollutants, hydrological features, biodegradation of pollutants etc., none has assessed the risk of potential groundwater and soil pollution by pollutants such as metals retained in the PPS materials either as a disposed waste material (in the case of used geotextiles) or during re-use as secondary aggregates. Thus, this study evaluated potential risks associated with the decommissioning and beneficial use of wastes produced during the disassembly of a PPS. The authors believe that this was the first PPS to be addressed in this way. The method involved the determination of leachable concentrations of 14 metals in the PPS samples made up of extracts from the model profile which included the geotextile fibre (G), dust alone (D), aggregates and dust (AD), aggregates alone (AA) and pavement blocks (P) which were analysed and compared with two different groups of regulatory threshold limits. The results showed that the measured concentrations of all the metals were below the appropriate threshold values for irrigation purposes as specified by FAO and USEPA. Furthermore, results all indicated that the dismantled materials were all below EU LFD WAC limits for inert waste, indicating relative ease of disposal and suitability for use as recycled aggregate. This, admittedly limited data, indicates that recycling of aggregates from demolition wastes arising from end of life PPS would not be limited by the potential leaching of heavy metals, including re-use within another PPS. This would minimise dependence on virgin aggregates and hence reduce rate of exploitation of natural resources and improve sustainability score card of SuDS.

ACS Style

Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Stephen J. Coupe; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. State of a sustainable drainage system at end-of-life: assessment of potential water pollution by leached metals from recycled pervious pavement materials when used as secondary aggregate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 27, 4630 -4639.

AMA Style

Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Susanne M. Charlesworth, Stephen J. Coupe, Alan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi. State of a sustainable drainage system at end-of-life: assessment of potential water pollution by leached metals from recycled pervious pavement materials when used as secondary aggregate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 27 (5):4630-4639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Susanne M. Charlesworth; Stephen J. Coupe; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. 2019. "State of a sustainable drainage system at end-of-life: assessment of potential water pollution by leached metals from recycled pervious pavement materials when used as secondary aggregate." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 5: 4630-4639.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2019 in Soil and Tillage Research
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A field experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons to determine the effects of tillage practice alone and tillage practices amended with woodash on soil physicochemical properties and soil concentration, shoot and seed uptake of heavy metals (Fe,Zn,Cu,B,Pb). The experiment was laid out as split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were: Flat tillage alone (FO) Mound tillage alone (MO), Ridge tillage alone (RO) Flat tillage +4 t ha-1 woodash, Mound tillage +4 t ha-1 and Ridge tillage +4 t ha-1. Results of the study showed significant (p = 0.05) increase in soil hydraulic conductivity and total porosity (%) in tillage practices relative to woodash amended tillage practices. Results of the study also showed significant (p = 0.05) increase in soil base saturation, organic carbon, available P, soil total N, effective cation exchange capacity, pH and decrease in exchangeable acidity in wood ash amended tillage practices relative to tillage practices alone. Significant (p = 0.05) increases in heavy metals concentration in soil, shoot and seed of castor but to non-toxic level except Fe concentration in soil were observed in tillage practices amended with woodash and tillage practices alone. On the average RW was observed to have the highest improvement in the studied parameters. Use of woodash as soil amendment at applied rate improved soil properties and did not have any negative effect on soil and crops.

ACS Style

E.O. Nnadi; C.N. Mbah; A.I. Nweke; C. Njoku. Physicochemical properties of an acid ultisol subjected to different tillage practices and wood-ash amendment: Impact on heavy metal concentrations in soil and Castor plant. Soil and Tillage Research 2019, 194, 104288 .

AMA Style

E.O. Nnadi, C.N. Mbah, A.I. Nweke, C. Njoku. Physicochemical properties of an acid ultisol subjected to different tillage practices and wood-ash amendment: Impact on heavy metal concentrations in soil and Castor plant. Soil and Tillage Research. 2019; 194 ():104288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E.O. Nnadi; C.N. Mbah; A.I. Nweke; C. Njoku. 2019. "Physicochemical properties of an acid ultisol subjected to different tillage practices and wood-ash amendment: Impact on heavy metal concentrations in soil and Castor plant." Soil and Tillage Research 194, no. : 104288.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Pervious pavement systems can have a life span of about 20 years but, at end-of-life, it becomes necessary to evaluate the state of the infrastructure to determine whether they pose a health and safety risk to workers during dismantling, and also determine potential reuse of the waste material generated. In this paper, we report of an investigation conducted to evaluate whether Pervious pavement systems are hazardous to human health at end-of-life and also to assess the mobility of the stormwater pollutants trapped in the system as a measure of their potential release to receiving systems such as water-bodies and groundwater systems. After decommissioning, the pervious pavement structure was sampled for analysis including Gas Chromatography, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and, leachate analysis. Results show that carcinogenic risks were significantly below the regulatory limit of 1 × 10 while, the hazard quotients and cumulative hazard indices were also below regulatory value of 1, based on United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Furthermore, mean concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were significantly less than the UK soil guideline values. The results of the leachate analysis show that the metals of concern, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd and Cu were all below the threshold for reuse applications such as irrigation purposes as they were all below the regulatory limits such as Food and Agriculture Organization and, United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Finally, the evaluation of potential reuse and recycling purposes indicate that wastes generated from the dismantling of the PPS are within limits for recycling as aggregates for other civil engineering projects as per European Union standards. This has potential to enhance UK's drive to achieve the target of 70% level of construction & demolition waste recovery for reuse and recycling by the year 2020 as per European Union Water Framework Directive.

ACS Style

F.U. Mbanaso; S.M. Charlesworth; S.J. Coupe; A.P. Newman; E.O. Nnadi. Reuse of materials from a Sustainable Drainage System device: Health, Safety and Environment assessment for an end-of-life Pervious Pavement Structure. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 650, 1759 -1770.

AMA Style

F.U. Mbanaso, S.M. Charlesworth, S.J. Coupe, A.P. Newman, E.O. Nnadi. Reuse of materials from a Sustainable Drainage System device: Health, Safety and Environment assessment for an end-of-life Pervious Pavement Structure. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 650 ():1759-1770.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.U. Mbanaso; S.M. Charlesworth; S.J. Coupe; A.P. Newman; E.O. Nnadi. 2019. "Reuse of materials from a Sustainable Drainage System device: Health, Safety and Environment assessment for an end-of-life Pervious Pavement Structure." Science of The Total Environment 650, no. : 1759-1770.

Book chapter
Published: 16 October 2018 in Urban Pollution
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This chapter briefly introduces the theory of bioremediation, which applies to both solid and aqueous media, and then discusses the application of this important technology to the in situ biological treatment of groundwater. It examines both oxidative and reductive mechanisms relating to both organic and inorganic contaminants. The chapter summarizes the main requirements for bioremediation. Oxygen releasing compounds can provide electron acceptors via substances introduced into the subsurface layer which decompose to release O2. The most commonly used electron acceptor in the absence of oxygen is nitrate. The removal of nitrate and perchlorate are examples of reductive anaerobic degradation, which is far less common than oxidative bioremediation. Permeable reactive barriers work by directing groundwater under the influence of the hydraulic gradient through a zone where remedial processes are optimised.

ACS Style

Alan P. Newman; Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest Nnadi. Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Theoretical Background and Applications to Groundwaters. Urban Pollution 2018, 259 -275.

AMA Style

Alan P. Newman, Andrew B. Shuttleworth, Ernest Nnadi. Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Theoretical Background and Applications to Groundwaters. Urban Pollution. 2018; ():259-275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alan P. Newman; Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest Nnadi. 2018. "Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Theoretical Background and Applications to Groundwaters." Urban Pollution , no. : 259-275.

Book chapter
Published: 16 October 2018 in Urban Pollution
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Contaminated land remains both a barrier to the redevelopment of urban areas and a threat to the wider environment. This chapter concentrates on the applications of bioremediation to the clean‐up of solid substrates, both as a means of allowing redevelopment and also to prevent ongoing groundwater pollution. It examines both oxidative and reductive mechanisms. In situ approaches tend to be undertaken when the contamination is at great depth, with little space available, and in some cases, where the site must be kept in use during the process. Enhanced bioremediation of soil typically involves the percolation or injection of water mixed with nutrients, saturated with dissolved oxygen, or provided with another electron acceptor. An in situ soil remediation technique which attempts, in a limited way, to mitigate against this heterogeneity, known as landfarming, has been used in the petroleum industry for many years.

ACS Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Applications to Solid Media. Urban Pollution 2018, 277 -291.

AMA Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth, Alan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi. Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Applications to Solid Media. Urban Pollution. 2018; ():277-291.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. 2018. "Bioremediation in Urban Pollution Mitigation: Applications to Solid Media." Urban Pollution , no. : 277-291.

Conference paper
Published: 31 May 2018 in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018
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A novel drainage system and animal unit flooring system has recently been developed which maximises the comfort and welfare of animals housed on it and at the same time allows separation of urine and faeces, reducing the conversion of urea to ammonia and thus reducing nitrogen release to the atmosphere. The system is based on plastic void forming units originally designed for stormwater control purposes. These units are covered with a perforated foam, made from recycled foam waste, and a high strength textile. Cattle, goats, and horses have been preference tested on this surface and have been shown to prefer it to traditional straw covered flooring. Cattle spend a long time lying down on this surface and this can potentially increase milk yields. A robot is used to clean faeces off the floor continually and if it encounters an animal it will avoid it and return to that place later. Urine is filtered through the textile and is available for use as a liquid fertiliser. This paper reviews the construction of the system and report on the work done on both survival of mastitis-causing organisms in the fabric and foam layers and the drainage behaviour of liquids expressed from the foam by animal movements.

ACS Style

Alan P. Newman; Fredrick Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Luis Ángel Sañudo Fontaneda; Andrew B. Shuttleworth. Drainage of Animal Housing Units for Maximum Animal Welfare and Environmental Control Studies on Microbiological Safety and Drainage Behaviour. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Alan P. Newman, Fredrick Mbanaso, Ernest O. Nnadi, Luis Ángel Sañudo Fontaneda, Andrew B. Shuttleworth. Drainage of Animal Housing Units for Maximum Animal Welfare and Environmental Control Studies on Microbiological Safety and Drainage Behaviour. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alan P. Newman; Fredrick Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Luis Ángel Sañudo Fontaneda; Andrew B. Shuttleworth. 2018. "Drainage of Animal Housing Units for Maximum Animal Welfare and Environmental Control Studies on Microbiological Safety and Drainage Behaviour." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018 , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 31 May 2018 in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018
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Retaining and degrading oils lost from automobiles, close to the source, is an important function of pervious pavements and related devices. Aerobic biodegradation is an efficient oil remediation technique provided the oil can be physically retained and water, oxygen, and inorganic nutrients are available. Although external inputs and the construction materials can contribute, the level of P is often limiting. Artificial inputs of nutrients using horticultural fertilizers on pervious pavements has been found to produce effluents with unacceptably high nutrient concentrations but great promise has been shown by incorporating a slow release mechanism into the geotextile, to create a self-fertilizing medium which both hosts microorganisms in an aerobic structure and responds to their demands for nutrients when provided with a carbon source. This paper reviews the progress to date on the development of such materials. Changing the process of converting fibre into a continuous filament non-woven textile has reduced the undesirable early pulse of P which was considered to be likely to attract regulatory disapproval. The ability of this process to lay down different filament types in layers in the fabric has also enabled the distribution of the nutrient to be concentrated in the upper layers of the textile, which is likely to encounter the oil first, and to allow the nutrient loaded fraction to be made more amenable to the nutrient scouring action of microorganisms without compromising the resistance to degradation of the load bearing lower layers. The physical oil retaining properties, P release rates and biocompatibility of the of the two-layer textile are studied. The study is ongoing and further results will be reported at the congress.

ACS Style

Stephen J. Coupe; Sophie Barron-West; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. Self-Fertilizing Textiles for Use in Oil Degrading SuDS Devices: An Update on Progress and Latest Developments. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Stephen J. Coupe, Sophie Barron-West, Alan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi. Self-Fertilizing Textiles for Use in Oil Degrading SuDS Devices: An Update on Progress and Latest Developments. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephen J. Coupe; Sophie Barron-West; Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi. 2018. "Self-Fertilizing Textiles for Use in Oil Degrading SuDS Devices: An Update on Progress and Latest Developments." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018 , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Filter drains are usually laid along the margins of highways. Highway runoffs are polluted with hydrocarbons and high levels of total dissolved solids. Therefore, effective pollution removal mechanism is necessary in order to avoid contamination of surrounding soils and groundwater. Biodegradation is amongst pollution removal mechanisms in filter drains, but it is a relatively slow process which is dependent on wide range of factors including the type of pollutant and availability of nutrients. This paper reports on a study conducted to investigate the impact of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in enhancement of biodegradation of hydrocarbon in filter drains. Filter drain models incorporated with geotextile were challenged with cumulative oil loading of 178 mg/m2/week with a view to comparing the efficiency of these two nutrient sources under high oil pollution loading and realistic rainfall conditions of 13 mm/week. Nutrients and street dust were applied at one-off rate of 17 g/m2 and 1.55 g/rig to provide nutrient enhancement and simulate field conditions respectively. The impact of the nutrients was studied by monitoring bacterial and fungal growth using nutrient agar, Rose Bengal Agar media and CO2 evolution. EC, pH, heavy metals, TPH, elemental analysis and SAR were used to investigate water quality of effluent of filter drains for potential application as irrigation fluid for trees and flowers planted on road verges. The results show that nutrient application encouraged microbial activities and enhanced biodegradation rates with differences in type of nutrient applied. Also, it was observed that incorporation of geotextiles in filter drains improved pollution retention efficiency and there is a potential opportunity for utilization of struvite in SuDS systems as sustainable nutrient source.

ACS Style

Stephen C. Theophilus; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Kingsley T. Onyedeke. Investigation of the effects of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in biodegradation in filter drains and potential application of treated water in irrigation of road verges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 19298 -19312.

AMA Style

Stephen C. Theophilus, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Ernest O. Nnadi, Kingsley T. Onyedeke. Investigation of the effects of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in biodegradation in filter drains and potential application of treated water in irrigation of road verges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (20):19298-19312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephen C. Theophilus; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Ernest O. Nnadi; Kingsley T. Onyedeke. 2017. "Investigation of the effects of slow-release fertilizer and struvite in biodegradation in filter drains and potential application of treated water in irrigation of road verges." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 20: 19298-19312.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Reliability Engineering & System Safety
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ACS Style

Stephen C. Theophilus; Victor Esenowo; Andrew Oyen Arewa; Augustine Ifelebuegu; Ernest Nnadi; Fredrick Mbanaso. Human factors analysis and classification system for the oil and gas industry (HFACS-OGI). Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2017, 167, 168 -176.

AMA Style

Stephen C. Theophilus, Victor Esenowo, Andrew Oyen Arewa, Augustine Ifelebuegu, Ernest Nnadi, Fredrick Mbanaso. Human factors analysis and classification system for the oil and gas industry (HFACS-OGI). Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2017; 167 ():168-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephen C. Theophilus; Victor Esenowo; Andrew Oyen Arewa; Augustine Ifelebuegu; Ernest Nnadi; Fredrick Mbanaso. 2017. "Human factors analysis and classification system for the oil and gas industry (HFACS-OGI)." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 167, no. : 168-176.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Much of the solid municipal waste generated by society is sent to landfill, where biodegrading processes result in the release of methane, a major contributor to climate change. This work examined the possibility of installing a type of biofilter within paved areas of the landfill site, making use of modified pervious paving, both to allow the escape of ground gas and to avoid contamination of groundwater, using specially designed test models with provision for gas sampling in various chambers. It proposes the incorporation of an active layer within a void forming box with a view to making dual use of the pervious pavement to provide both a drainage feature and a ground gas vent, whilst providing an active layer for the oxidation of methane by microbial action. The methane removal was observed to have been effected by microbial oxidation and as such offers great promise as a method of methane removal to allow for development of landfills.

ACS Style

Stephen J. Coupe; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman. An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 19238 -19246.

AMA Style

Stephen J. Coupe, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Alan P. Newman. An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (20):19238-19246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephen J. Coupe; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman. 2017. "An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 20: 19238-19246.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Pervious Paving Systems (PPS) are part of a sustainable approach to drainage in which excess surface water is encouraged to infiltrate through their structure, during which potentially toxic elements, such as metals and hydrocarbons are treated by biodegradation and physical entrapment and storage. However, it is not known where in the PPS structure these contaminants accumulate, which has implications for environmental health, particularly during maintenance, as well as consequences for the recycling of material from the PPS at the end-of-life. A 1 m3 porous asphalt (PA) PPS test rig was monitored for 38 months after monthly additions of road sediment (RS) (367.5 g in total) and unused oil (430 mL in total), characteristic of urban loadings, were applied. Using a rainfall simulator, a typical UK rainfall rate of 15 mm/h was used to investigate its efficiency in dealing with contamination. Water quality of the effluent discharged from the rig was found to be suitable for discharge to most environments. On completion of the monitoring, a core was taken down through its surface, and samples of sediment and aggregate were taken. Analysis showed that most of the sediment remained in the surface course, with metal levels lower than the original RS, but higher than clean, unused aggregate or PA. However, even extrapolating these concentrations to 20 years’ worth of in-service use (the projected life of PPS) did not suggest their accumulation would present an environmental pollution risk when carrying out maintenance of the pavement and also indicates that the material could be recycled at end-of-life.

ACS Style

Susanne M. Charlesworth; Jamie Beddow; Ernest O. Nnadi. The Fate of Pollutants in Porous Asphalt Pavements, Laboratory Experiments to Investigate Their Potential to Impact Environmental Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 666 .

AMA Style

Susanne M. Charlesworth, Jamie Beddow, Ernest O. Nnadi. The Fate of Pollutants in Porous Asphalt Pavements, Laboratory Experiments to Investigate Their Potential to Impact Environmental Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (6):666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susanne M. Charlesworth; Jamie Beddow; Ernest O. Nnadi. 2017. "The Fate of Pollutants in Porous Asphalt Pavements, Laboratory Experiments to Investigate Their Potential to Impact Environmental Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 6: 666.

Conference paper
Published: 18 May 2017 in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017
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ACS Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. Plant Growth Trials on Harvested Water and Waste Sludge from a Macro-Pervious Pavement System in Central Scotland. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 2017, 24 -38.

AMA Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Alan P. Newman, Christopher N. Dunn, Brian Van Weele. Plant Growth Trials on Harvested Water and Waste Sludge from a Macro-Pervious Pavement System in Central Scotland. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. 2017; ():24-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Alan P. Newman; Christopher N. Dunn; Brian Van Weele. 2017. "Plant Growth Trials on Harvested Water and Waste Sludge from a Macro-Pervious Pavement System in Central Scotland." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017 , no. : 24-38.

Article
Published: 20 March 2017 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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Oil spill pollution has remained a source of several international litigations in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. In this paper, we examined the impacts of small recurrent crude oil spills on the physicochemical, microbial and hydrobiological properties of the Nun River, a primary source of drinking water, food and recreational activities for communities in the region. Samples were collected from six sampling points along the stretch of the lower Nun River over a 3-week period. Temperature, pH salinity, turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, heavy metals, BTEX, PAHs and microbial and plankton contents were assessed to ascertain the quality and level of deterioration of the river. The results obtained were compared with the baseline data from studies, national and international standards. The results of the physicochemical parameters indicated a significant deterioration of the river quality due to oil production activities. Turbidity, TDS, TSS, DO, conductivity and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) were in breach of the national and international limits for drinking water aquatic health. They were also significantly higher than the initial baseline conditions of the river. Also, there were noticeable changes in the phytoplankton, zooplankton and microbial diversities due to oil pollution across the sampling zones.

ACS Style

Augustine O. Ifelebuegu; Justina E. Ukpebor; Anita U. Ahukannah; Ernest Nnadi; Stephen C. Theophilus. Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2017, 189, 173 .

AMA Style

Augustine O. Ifelebuegu, Justina E. Ukpebor, Anita U. Ahukannah, Ernest Nnadi, Stephen C. Theophilus. Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2017; 189 (4):173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Augustine O. Ifelebuegu; Justina E. Ukpebor; Anita U. Ahukannah; Ernest Nnadi; Stephen C. Theophilus. 2017. "Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189, no. 4: 173.

Book chapter
Published: 01 March 2017 in Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage
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Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations | InTechOpen, Published on: 2017-03-01. Authors: Andrew B. Shuttleworth, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso, et

ACS Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Stephen J. Coupe Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Joris G.W.F. Voeten; Alan P. Newman. Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations. Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth, Ernest O. Nnadi, Stephen J. Coupe Fredrick U. Mbanaso, Joris G.W.F. Voeten, Alan P. Newman. Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations. Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew B. Shuttleworth; Ernest O. Nnadi; Stephen J. Coupe Fredrick U. Mbanaso; Joris G.W.F. Voeten; Alan P. Newman. 2017. "Applications of SuDS Techniques in Harvesting Stormwater for Landscape Irrigation Purposes: Issues and Considerations." Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 04 May 2016 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The suitability of stormwater harvested from pervious pavement system (PPS) structures for reuse purposes was investigated in conditions where glyphosate-containing herbicides (GCH) are applied as part of PPS maintenance procedure. The experiment was based on the four-layered design previously described as detailed in CIRIA C582. Results indicated that the highest sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 1.6 recorded in this study, was less than that at which loss of permeability begins to occur as well as deterioration of matrix structure. Furthermore, the maximum electrical conductivity (ECw) of 2990 μS cm−1, recorded for 7200 mg L−1 concentration (GCH) was slightly below the unstable classification range at which salinity problems related to water quality occur such that salts accumulate in the root zone to the extent that crop yields are adversely affected. However, GCH concentration of 720 mg L−1 was within ‘permissible’ range while that of 72 mg L−1 was within ‘excellent’ range. Current study raises some environmental concerns owing to the overall impact that GCH at concentrations above 72 mg L−1 exerts on the net performance of the organic decomposers, heavy metal and hydrocarbon release from the system and thus, should be further investigated. However, effluent from all the test models including those dosed with high GCH concentration of 7200 mg L−1 do not pose any threat in terms of infiltration or deterioration associated with salinity although, there are indications that high dosage of the herbicide could lead to an elevated electrical conductivity of the recycled water.

ACS Style

F. U. Mbanaso; E. O. Nnadi; S. J. Coupe; S. M. Charlesworth. Stormwater harvesting from landscaped areas: effect of herbicide application on water quality and usage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2016, 23, 15970 -15982.

AMA Style

F. U. Mbanaso, E. O. Nnadi, S. J. Coupe, S. M. Charlesworth. Stormwater harvesting from landscaped areas: effect of herbicide application on water quality and usage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016; 23 (16):15970-15982.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. U. Mbanaso; E. O. Nnadi; S. J. Coupe; S. M. Charlesworth. 2016. "Stormwater harvesting from landscaped areas: effect of herbicide application on water quality and usage." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 16: 15970-15982.

Conference paper
Published: 14 May 2015 in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015
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ACS Style

Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Wrapping Filter Drain Pipes in Geotextile for Pollution Prevention in Response to Relatively Large Oil Releases. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Alan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Wrapping Filter Drain Pipes in Geotextile for Pollution Prevention in Response to Relatively Large Oil Releases. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. 2015. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Wrapping Filter Drain Pipes in Geotextile for Pollution Prevention in Response to Relatively Large Oil Releases." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 14 May 2015 in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015
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ACS Style

Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of Pervious and Macro-Pervious Pavements as Harvesting Systems for Localized Landscape and Horticultural Irrigation. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Alan P. Newman, Ernest O. Nnadi, Fredrick U. Mbanaso. Evaluation of Pervious and Macro-Pervious Pavements as Harvesting Systems for Localized Landscape and Horticultural Irrigation. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alan P. Newman; Ernest O. Nnadi; Fredrick U. Mbanaso. 2015. "Evaluation of Pervious and Macro-Pervious Pavements as Harvesting Systems for Localized Landscape and Horticultural Irrigation." World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 , no. : 1.

Evaluation study
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Most available water resources in the world are used for agricultural irrigation. Whilst this level of water use is expected to increase due to rising world population and land use, available water resources are expected to become limited due to climate change and uneven rainfall distribution. Recycled stormwater has the potential to be used as an alternative source of irrigation water and part of sustainable water management strategy. This paper reports on a study to investigate whether a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) technique, known as the pervious pavements system (PPS) has the capability to recycle water that meets irrigation water quality standard. Furthermore, the experiment provided information on the impact of hydrocarbon (which was applied to simulate oil dripping from parked vehicles onto PPS), leaching of nutrients from different layers of the PPS and effects of nutrients (applied to enhance bioremediation) on the stormwater recycling efficiency of the PPS. A weekly dose of 6.23 × 10(-3) L of lubricating oil and single dose of 17.06 g of polymer coated controlled-release fertilizer granules were applied to the series of 710 mm × 360 mm model pervious pavement structure except the controls. Rainfall intensity of 7.4 mm/h was applied to the test models at the rate of 3 events per week. Analysis of the recycled water showed that PPS has the capability to recycle stormwater to a quality that meets the chemical standards for use in agricultural irrigation irrespective of the type of sub-base used. There is a potential benefit of nutrient availability in recycled water for plants, but care should be taken not to dispose of this water in natural water courses as it might result in eutrophication problems.

ACS Style

Ernest O. Nnadi; Alan Newman; Stephen J. Coupe; Fredrick Mbanaso. Stormwater harvesting for irrigation purposes: An investigation of chemical quality of water recycled in pervious pavement system. Journal of Environmental Management 2015, 147, 246 -256.

AMA Style

Ernest O. Nnadi, Alan Newman, Stephen J. Coupe, Fredrick Mbanaso. Stormwater harvesting for irrigation purposes: An investigation of chemical quality of water recycled in pervious pavement system. Journal of Environmental Management. 2015; 147 ():246-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ernest O. Nnadi; Alan Newman; Stephen J. Coupe; Fredrick Mbanaso. 2015. "Stormwater harvesting for irrigation purposes: An investigation of chemical quality of water recycled in pervious pavement system." Journal of Environmental Management 147, no. : 246-256.