Background/Objectives: Virtual autopsy (virtopsy) is a new domain of research for interdisciplinary teams of radiologists and forensic specialists. This scoping review aims to underline the current state-of-the-art research using combined imaging modalities. Methods: We searched the PubMed database using the term virtopsy for articles that are available in free full text, indexed in the Medline Database, and published in English. The query returned 49 articles on this subject that have been published since 2002. Results: The main imaging modalities used for postmortem imaging were computed tomography (PMCT), angiography (PMCTA), magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI), and ultrasonography (PMUS). PMCT is highly effective for detecting complex osseous injuries, tracing bullet trajectories, or identifying characteristic findings in drowning cases. PMCTA is valuable for evaluating vascular lesions, particularly in natural death cases. PMMRI is superior in analyzing soft tissues, including brain and spinal structures, cerebrospinal fluid, microbleeds, and laryngohyoid lesions, and identifying cardiomyopathies in young individuals. PMUS serves as an alternative, and its portability also allows for use in forensic settings. One specific situation observed was the increased number of studies published about virtopsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another aspect is the increased focus on this alternative to conventional autopsy in the regions where maneuvering of the deceased is limited according to cultural and social customs. Conclusions: We underline the advantages and limitations of each imaging modality used for virtopsy. Further studies need to be developed in order to gather supplementary data regarding the use of these imaging modalities in the new era of artificial intelligence in medicine.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors for severe postoperative complications after oncologic right colectomy. Materials and Methods: All consecutive patients with right colon cancer who underwent right colectomy in our department between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively included in this study. The Clavien–Dindo grading system was used to evaluate postoperative complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate risk factors for postoperative severe complications. Results: Of the 144 patients, there were 69 males and 75 females, with a median age of 69 (IQR 60–78). Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 41.7% (60 patients) and 11.1% (16 patients), respectively. The anastomotic leak rate was 5.3% (7 patients). Severe postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grades III–V) were present in 20 patients (13.9%). Univariate analysis showed the following as risk factors for postoperative severe complications: Charlson score, lack of mechanical bowel preparation, level of preoperative proteins, blood transfusions, and degree of urgency (elective/emergency right colectomy). In the logistic binary regression, the Charlson score (OR = 1.931, 95% CI = 1.077–3.463, p = 0.025) and preoperative protein level (OR = 0.049, 95% CI = 0.006–0.433, p = 0.007) were found to be independent risk factors for postoperative severe complications. Conclusions: Severe complications after oncologic right colectomy are associated with a low preoperative protein level and a higher Charlson comorbidity index.

Introduction: Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is increasingly utilized in nephron-sparing surgery for its ability to provide real-time, high-resolution imaging that enhances tumor localization and resection accuracy. Its role becomes particularly important in anatomically complex cases such as endophytic, multifocal, or recurrent renal tumors, as well as in patients with a solitary kidney. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 152 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for localized renal tumors between January 2019 and December 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 24) included patients with a solitary surgical kidney or tumor recurrence; Group B (n = 128) included patients with a contralateral functional kidney. IOUS was used in 31 cases (20%). Demographic, perioperative, and oncological outcomes were compared, with specific attention to the use and impact of IOUS. Results: IOUS was significantly more common in Group A (75%) than in Group B (10%) (p < 0.001), reflecting its preferential use in higher-complexity surgeries. The rate of positive surgical margins was low overall, with no significant difference between the IOUS and non-IOUS groups (3.2% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.54). IOUS was more frequently employed in cases involving medium/high RENAL nephrometry scores and multifocal tumors, contributing to improved intraoperative tumor delineation without increasing complication rates. Conclusions: IOUS enhances surgical precision and supports oncologic safety in both robotic and open partial nephrectomies, particularly in complex scenarios. Its use should be encouraged as a standard adjunct in conservative renal surgery, especially in patients with a solitary kidney, recurrent disease, or multifocal tumors.

Background: Advances in breast reconstruction have transformed the recovery pathway for women undergoing mastectomy. What was once viewed mainly as a cosmetic option is now recognized as part of modern oncologic care, restoring not only body image but also confidence and quality of life. Yet, surgeons still face the same central dilemma: choosing between implant-based (IBR) and autologous reconstruction (ABR), particularly when postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is planned. Methods: We reviewed major studies published between 2014 and 2024, combining evidence from observational cohorts and recent meta-analyses that together report on more than 60,000 reconstructed breasts. Outcomes of interest included surgical complications, reconstructive failure, BREAST-Q patient-reported domains, and the impact of PMRT on both techniques. Data were interpreted in light of contemporary reconstructive innovations such as prepectoral implants, acellular dermal matrices, and robotic or sensory-nerve–enhanced autologous procedures. Results: Autologous reconstruction generally provided higher satisfaction and better psychosocial and sexual well-being, particularly in patients who received PMRT. Implant-based reconstruction offered faster recovery and shorter hospitalization but was more vulnerable to capsular contracture and reconstructive loss after irradiation. Across all eligible cohorts, reconstruction—immediate or delayed—did not increase local recurrence or compromise overall survival when adjuvant therapy was delivered without delay. Conclusions: Both IBR and ABR are oncologically safe and contribute meaningfully to recovery after mastectomy. Future progress will depend on combining precise surgical execution with new technologies—prepectoral implant positioning, robotic flap harvest, and sensory nerve coaptation—to achieve durable, natural, and patient-centered reconstruction.

Background/Objectives: Improving prostate cancer (PCa) detection remains a key clinical goal. While multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) fusion-guided biopsy has shown advantages over systematic randomized biopsy, variability persists across studies. This study aimed to compare detection rates between fusion-guided and randomized biopsy techniques and assess the combined predictive value of clinical risk factors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 138 male patients aged 50–82 years with PSA (prostate-specific antigen) < 25 ng/mL, undergoing both mp-MRI fusion-guided and systematic randomized biopsies. PI-RADS v2.1 was used for lesion assessment. The patient data included PSA, prostate volume, PI-RADS score, and age. Multicollinearity was evaluated, and a multivariate logistic regression model was developed. ROC analysis assessed predictive performance. Results: Fusion-guided biopsy detected cancer in 68.1% (95% CI: 60.3–75.9%) of cases, randomized biopsy in 76.1% (95% CI: 68.9–83.2%), and the combined approach in 88.4% (95% CI: 83.1–93.7%). McNemar’s test confirmed a significant improvement when combining both methods (p < 0.001). PSA exhibited the strongest individual predictive power (AUC = 0.782, 95% CI: ~0.70–0.86), followed by prostate volume (AUC = 0.631, 95% CI: ~0.53–0.73), PI-RADS score (AUC = 0.619, 95% CI: ~0.51–0.72), and age (AUC = 0.572, 95% CI: ~0.46–0.68). The multivariate model achieved an AUC of 0.751 (95% CI: ~0.66–0.83) and an accuracy of 89.6%. Conclusions: Combining fusion-guided and randomized biopsy techniques enhances prostate cancer detection compared with either method alone. PSA, prostate volume, PI-RADS score, and age contribute independently to risk prediction. Future studies will aim to refine stratification models and explore familial cancer risk factors.

Laryngeal pathology requires individualized management because the larynx integrates airway protection, phonation, swallowing, and respiratory function within a compact and highly variable anatomical framework. This narrative review examines how laryngeal anatomy and morphometry support interdisciplinary collaboration and personalized care in oncologic, stenotic, functional, and reconstructive laryngeal disease. Evidence from morphometric studies, CT, MRI, endoscopy, ultrasonography, three-dimensional reconstruction, artificial intelligence, and multidisciplinary clinical workflows was synthesized qualitatively. Key parameters—including vocal fold length, glottic width, thyroid cartilage angle, cricoid diameter, subglottic diameter, anterior commissure thickness, and the status of paraglottic and pre-epiglottic spaces—provide actionable information for diagnosis, T-staging, airway assessment, surgical planning, reconstruction, and functional rehabilitation. Morphometry concretely informs clinical decisions: thyroid cartilage angle guides thyroplasty and phonosurgical planning; subglottic diameter supports stenosis surgery and airway instrumentation; and anterior commissure, conus elasticus, cartilage, and deep-space measurements refine oncologic staging and margin strategy. Technological accelerators, including AI segmentation, radiomics, 3D printing, photogrammetry, and ultrasonography, extend morphometry from static measurement toward predictive modeling and patient-specific simulation. However, implementation remains limited by heterogeneous CT protocols, inconsistent measurement planes, uneven access to advanced technologies, lack of global normative databases, and unresolved ethical issues surrounding AI validation and data governance. This review supports standardizing CT morphometry using parallel vocal fold planes, routinely measuring anterior commissure thickness in T1 glottic cancer, incorporating ultrasonography as a first-line morphometric tool in voice clinics, and validating AI segmentation against population-specific morphometric norms. Laryngeal morphometry should therefore become a routine decision-making framework for precision laryngology.