Background: Dyslipidemia is linked to the risk for coronary ischemic and cardiovascular disease. Considering the absence of national reference level for lipids in Bangladesh the present study was undertaken to look into the pattern of lipid levels among patients seeking laboratory services in a private medical college hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital in Dhaka city. Patients with antilipid and other medication which might affect the outcome were excluded. Consenting and eligible subjects seeking laboratory services were included in the study. Total 970 subjects finally entered in the study. Total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol [HDL-c] were measured by enzymatic colorimetric method. LDL-cholesterol [LDL-c] was derived using Friedewald equation. Data were expressed mean±SD, number (percent) as appropriate. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 17 tool. A p value <0.05 was taken as level of significance. Results: Male female ratio of the total subjects was 53.9:46.1. Of the total participants 27.1% were between 41-50 age group and 71% were between 31-60 years. Mean (SD) triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-c and LDL-c level for all participants was 182±134, 194±44, 38.4±11.5 and 119±37 respectively. Mean value of HDL-c for all subjects was 38.4mg/dl where as its cutoff value is 40 mg/dl and 50 mg/dl for male and female respectively suggesting relatively large number of subjects had HDL-c dyslipidemia of the study subjects. Percent subjects with isolated abnormal lipid component were 51%, 41%, 73.2% and 33.3% for triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-c and LDL-c respectively. Of the total subjects 22% had abnormal level of lipid for all four components. Conclusions: The data showed pattern of lipid levels of the subjects seeking laboratory services of a tertiary care hospital which might be taken a trend in the Bangladeshi population. Dyslipidemia appeared to be relatively high among the subjects studied of which HDL-c dyslipidemia was more prominent. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.375-379

The SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, COVID-19, remains a worldwide public health concern due to its high rate of transmission, even in vaccinated and previously infected people. In the endemic state, it continues to cause significant pathology. To elu- cidate the viral mutational changes and screen the emergence of new variants of concern, we conducted this study in Bangladesh. The viral RNA genomes extracted from 25 ran- domly collected samples of COVID-19-positive patients from March 2021 to February 2022 were sequenced using Illumina COVID Seq protocol and genomic data processing, as well as evaluations performed in DRAGEN COVID Lineage software. In this study, the percentage of Delta, Omicron, and Mauritius variants identified were 88%, 8%, and 4%, respectively. All of the 25 samples had 23,403 A>G (D614G, S gene), 3037 C>T (nsp3), and 14,408 C>T (nsp12) mutations, where 23,403 A>G was responsible for increased transmis- sion. Omicron had the highest number of unique mutations in the spike protein (i.e., sub- stitutions, deletions, and insertions), which may explain its higher transmissibility and immune-evading ability than Delta. A total of 779 mutations were identified, where 691 substitutions, 85 deletions, and 3 insertion mutations were observed. To sum up, our study will enrich the genomic database of SARS-CoV-2, aiding in treatment strategies along with understanding the virus’s preferences in both mutation type and mutation site for predicting newly emerged viruses’ survival strategies and thus for preparing to coun- teract them.

The SARS-CoV-2 induced disease, COVID-19 is a worldwide public health concern with a rapid transmission, pathogenicity, and mortality rate. To elucidate the viral mutational changes and screening the emergence of new variants of concern, we conducted this study in Bangladesh. The viral RNA genome was sequenced using Illumina COVID Seq protocol and genomic data processing and evaluation was performed in DRAGEN COVID Lineage software. Variant analysis revealed that the number of Delta, Omicron and Mauritius variants identified were 88%, 8%, and 4%, respectively. All of the 25 samples had 23403A>G (D614G, S gene), 3037 C>T (nsp3) and 14408 C>T (nsp12) mutations, where 23403 A>G was responsible for increased transmission. Omicron had the highest number of unique mutations in spike protein (i.e., substitutions, deletions and insertions) which may explain its more transmissibility and immune evading ability than Delta. A total of 779 mutations were identified where 691 substitution, 85 deletion and 3 insertion mutations were observed. To sum up, our study will enrich the genomic database of SARS-CoV-2, aiding treatment strategy along with understanding the virus’s preferences in both mutation type and site for predicting newly emerged virus’s survival strategy and thus for being prepared to counteract them.

The study aimed to identify the variants of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related coronavirus-2) virus isolates within the window of March 2021 to February 2022 in Bangladesh and investigate their comparative mutational profiles, preferences and phylogenetics. After the collection of the sample specimen and RNA extraction, the genome was sequenced using Illumina COVID Seq, and NGS data analysis was performed in DRAGEN COVID Lineage software (version 3.5.9). Among the 96 virus isolates, 24 (25%) were from Delta (clade 21A (n = 21) and 21J (n = 3)) and 72 (75%) were from Omicron (clade 20A (n = 6) and 20B (n = 66)). In Omicron and Delta, substitutions were much higher than deletions and insertions. High-frequency nucleotide change patterns were similar (for C > T, and A > G) in both of the variants, but different in some (i.e., G > T, G > A). Preferences for specific amino acids over the other amino acids in substitutions and deletions were observed to vary in different proteins of these variants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the most ancestral variants were from clade 21A and clade 20A, and then the other variants emerged. The study demonstrates noteworthy variations of Omicron and Delta in mutational pattern and preferences for amino acids and protein, and further study on their biological functional impact might unveil the reason behind their mutational strategies and behavioral changes.

Objective This study aims to assess the rate of COVID-19 infection and IgG seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 among diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. This evaluation provides insight into how diabetic subjects respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, shedding light on the strength and duration of their immune responses following vaccination. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 90 volunteers (45 DM and 45 NDM subjects) from BIHS General Hospital, who have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. SARS CoV- 2 IgG antibody level was determined using ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26. Results and Discussion The SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was observed in both DM and NDM groups (14.48±11.6 and 14.31±11.45 BAU/mL) (BAU×104), with a gradual rise in antibody level by an increasing number of COVID-19 vaccine doses. No significant difference in respect to SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level was found between DM and NDM subjects (p=0.949). The rate of COVID-19 infection was found significantly higher in the non-diabetic group compared to the diabetic group (p=0.001). Among the BMI groups, a significantly higher level of IgG antibody was demonstrated among the obese population compared to normal and overweight groups (p=0.037). Conclusions Vaccination induced pronounced SARS-CoV-2 IgG response having no statistical difference in diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Heterogeneity in immune responses has been observed in both populations. The obese subjects had notably raised IgG levels. The incidence of COVID-19 infection was more higher in the nondiabetic compared to the diabetic group. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 03 July’25 Page : 858-865