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Craig Martin
Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

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Earlycite article
Published: 03 December 2019 in Smart and Sustainable Built Environment
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Purpose City-zen is an EU-funded interdisciplinary project that aims to develop and demonstrate energy-efficient cities and to build methods and tools for cities, industries and citizens to achieve ambitious sustainability targets. As part of the project, an Urban Energy Transition Methodology is developed, elaborated and used to create Roadmaps, which indicate the interventions needed to get from the current situation to the desired sustainable future state of a city. For one of the partner cities, Amsterdam, such a Roadmap was developed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses the approach and methodology behind the City-zen Urban Energy Transition Methodology, with its six steps from the initial energy analysis to the roadmap towards a desired future state. The paper will illustrate this by results from the Amsterdam Roadmap study, in numbers and figures. Findings The Roadmap study of Amsterdam revealed that the city can become energy neutral in its heat demand, but not in the production of sufficient electricity from renewables. Research limitations/implications Although as yet only applied to the City of Amsterdam, the methodology behind the roadmap can be applied by cities across the world. Practical implications An enormous effort is required in order to transform, renovate and adapt parts of the city. It was calculated, for instance, how many energy renovation projects, district heating pipes and photovoltaic panels will be annually needed in order to timely become carbon neutral, energy neutral and “fossil free”. Social implications The technical-spatial content of the Roadmap was presented to stakeholders of the Dutch capital city, such as politicians, energy companies, commercial enterprises, and not least citizens themselves. Although informed by scientific work, the Roadmap appealed too many, demonstrated by the extensive media coverage. Originality/value The City-zen Methodology builds upon earlier urban energy approaches such as REAP (Tillie et al., 2009), LES (Dobbelsteen et al., 2011) and Energy Potential Mapping (Broersma et al., 2013), but creates a stepped approach that has not been presented and applied to a city as a whole yet. As far as the authors know, so far, an energy transition roadmap has never been developed for an entire city.

ACS Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Siebe Broersma; Michiel Fremouw; Tess Blom; Jelle Sturkenboom; Craig Martin. The Amsterdam energy transition roadmap – introducing the City-zen methodology. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 2019, 9, 307 -320.

AMA Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen, Siebe Broersma, Michiel Fremouw, Tess Blom, Jelle Sturkenboom, Craig Martin. The Amsterdam energy transition roadmap – introducing the City-zen methodology. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. 2019; 9 (3):307-320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Siebe Broersma; Michiel Fremouw; Tess Blom; Jelle Sturkenboom; Craig Martin. 2019. "The Amsterdam energy transition roadmap – introducing the City-zen methodology." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 3: 307-320.

Conference paper
Published: 03 October 2018 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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This article presents several strategies to teach university students and professionals in the sector how to reduce the environmental impact of our cities. Firstly, the European Cityzen project is summarized and its application to the city of Seville, more specifically to Tirode Linea, a working class neighbourhood, is described; the viability and functionality of the neighbourhood are analyzed and improvements are proposed so that it can become an area that attains zero emissions. Secondly, the HEREVEA project is presented, which developed software for the feasibility analysis and proposals to improve neighbourhoods. Its usefulness is discussed in a case study carried out in the same neighbourhood. Finally, the experience of how to transmit all this knowledge through university teaching is presented.

ACS Style

Madelyn Marrero; Craig Martin; Radu Muntean; P González-Vallejo; María Desiré Alba Rodríguez. Tools to quantify environmental impact and their application to teaching: projects City-zen and HEREVEA. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 399, 012038 .

AMA Style

Madelyn Marrero, Craig Martin, Radu Muntean, P González-Vallejo, María Desiré Alba Rodríguez. Tools to quantify environmental impact and their application to teaching: projects City-zen and HEREVEA. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 399 (1):012038.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madelyn Marrero; Craig Martin; Radu Muntean; P González-Vallejo; María Desiré Alba Rodríguez. 2018. "Tools to quantify environmental impact and their application to teaching: projects City-zen and HEREVEA." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 399, no. 1: 012038.

Proceedings article
Published: 04 September 2018 in Sustainable Development and Planning X
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ACS Style

Riccardo M. Pulselli; Matteo Maccanti; Madelyn Marrero; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Craig Martin; Nadia Marchettini. ENERGY TRANSITION FOR THE DECARBONISATION OF URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS: A CASE STUDY IN SEVILLE, SPAIN. Sustainable Development and Planning X 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Riccardo M. Pulselli, Matteo Maccanti, Madelyn Marrero, Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen, Craig Martin, Nadia Marchettini. ENERGY TRANSITION FOR THE DECARBONISATION OF URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS: A CASE STUDY IN SEVILLE, SPAIN. Sustainable Development and Planning X. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Riccardo M. Pulselli; Matteo Maccanti; Madelyn Marrero; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Craig Martin; Nadia Marchettini. 2018. "ENERGY TRANSITION FOR THE DECARBONISATION OF URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS: A CASE STUDY IN SEVILLE, SPAIN." Sustainable Development and Planning X , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 24 August 2018 in Urban Energy Transition
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Many cities across the world have the ambition of becoming carbon neutral, but exact figures of progress toward that goal are limited. Regarding Europe’s not overly ambitious 2020 carbon emission targets, many countries still have a long way to go (see Fig. 1), with cities as the prime objects for improvement. It is fair to say that the energy transition is lagging behind, for which several reasons can be given. One assumption, based on experience with projects with various European cities, is that cities—their administrations and other stakeholders—generally have insufficient understanding of how to gain and maintain control over the complex process of the energy transition with its multiple actors and diverse objectives and responsibilities. Another suggested reason is the lack of appropriate approaches, strategies, and methods to guide the energy transition in formulating clear targets and intermediate steps of mainly technical and spatial interventions. These, however are currently under development, and are being tested in cities across the continent—such as in Gothenburg, London, Rotterdam, Cologne, and Genova within the EU project Celsius (www.celsiuscity.eu), and in Amsterdam and Grenoble, for the EU project City-zen (www.cityzen-smartcity.eu)–with promising results so far. The main research question underlying this chapter is: How can cities be supported in their energy transition toward carbon neutrality? We will describe the development of approaches, strategies, and methods for the urban energy transition, their background and theoretical basis, and present urban case studies where they were applied. Finally, an outlook will be given for methodological developments in the near future.

ACS Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Rob Roggema; Nico Tillie; Siebe Broersma; Michiel Fremouw; Craig Lee Martin. Urban Energy Masterplanning—Approaches, Strategies, and Methods for the Energy Transition in Cities. Urban Energy Transition 2018, 635 -660.

AMA Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen, Rob Roggema, Nico Tillie, Siebe Broersma, Michiel Fremouw, Craig Lee Martin. Urban Energy Masterplanning—Approaches, Strategies, and Methods for the Energy Transition in Cities. Urban Energy Transition. 2018; ():635-660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Rob Roggema; Nico Tillie; Siebe Broersma; Michiel Fremouw; Craig Lee Martin. 2018. "Urban Energy Masterplanning—Approaches, Strategies, and Methods for the Energy Transition in Cities." Urban Energy Transition , no. : 635-660.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2018 in Energies
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In the challenge for a sustainable society, carbon-neutrality is a critical objective for all cities in the coming decades. In the EU City-zen project, academic partners collaborate to develop an urban energy transition methodology, which supports cities in making the energy transition to sustainable lifestyles and carbon neutrality. As part of the project, so-called Roadshows are organised in cities that wish to take the first step toward zero-energy living. Each Roadshow is methodologically composed to allow sustainability experts from across Europe to co-create designs, strategies and timelines with local stakeholders in order to reach this vital goal. Following a precursory investigative student workshop (the SWAT Studio), Dubrovnik was the third city to host the Roadshow in November 2016. During these events the characteristics of Dubrovnik, and the district of Gruž in particular, were systematically analysed, leading to useful insights into the current problems and potentials of the city. In close collaboration with local stakeholders, the team proposed a series of interventions, validated by the calculation of carbon emission, to help make Gruž, and in its wake the whole city of Dubrovnik, net zero energy and zero carbon. The vision presented to the inhabitants and its key city decision makers encompassed a path towards an attainable sustainable future. The strategies and solutions proposed for the Dubrovnik district of Gruž were able to reduce the current carbon sequestration compensation of 1200 hectares of forestland to only 67 hectares, an area achievable by urban reforestation projects. This paper presents the City-zen methodology of urban energy transition and that of the City-zen Roadshow, the analysis of the city of Dubrovnik, proposed interventions and the carbon impact, as calculated by means of the carbon accounting method discussed in the paper.

ACS Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Craig Lee Martin; Greg Keeffe; Riccardo Maria Pulselli; Han Vandevyvere. From Problems to Potentials—The Urban Energy Transition of Gruž, Dubrovnik. Energies 2018, 11, 922 .

AMA Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen, Craig Lee Martin, Greg Keeffe, Riccardo Maria Pulselli, Han Vandevyvere. From Problems to Potentials—The Urban Energy Transition of Gruž, Dubrovnik. Energies. 2018; 11 (4):922.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Craig Lee Martin; Greg Keeffe; Riccardo Maria Pulselli; Han Vandevyvere. 2018. "From Problems to Potentials—The Urban Energy Transition of Gruž, Dubrovnik." Energies 11, no. 4: 922.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Urban Climate
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Highlights•A new technique to control urban ventilation is explored.•We measure wind speed in a canyon in front of two facades with a contrasting colour.•A dark façade accelerates wind speed on warm sunny days. AbstractClimate change will lead to more warm and hot days in the Netherlands. Climate adaptation measures are needed to reduce the vulnerability of urban areas. Moreover, proven adaptation measures, such as increased vegetated areas or water surfaces, are not always possible due to a lack of space or undesired aesthetic effects. An alternative option is to make use of coloured façades to create drafts and accelerate wind speed in a street canyon or on a square to attract fresh air from cooler places. Differences in colour and material types already influence the air flow in street canyons in an uncontrolled manner. If this thermal comfort principle can be implemented, it will potentially have a significant impact on many cities throughout the world. This paper presents the results of a first exploratory research based on measurements on scale models and at full scale. This pilot study indicates success of the intended draft principle, advocating further research.

ACS Style

Laura Kleerekoper; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Eric Van Den Ham; Truus Hordijk; Craig Martin. Creating drafts in urban settings through coloured façades: Exploring a new climate adaptation measure based on thermal stratification. Urban Climate 2015, 14, 290 -300.

AMA Style

Laura Kleerekoper, Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen, Eric Van Den Ham, Truus Hordijk, Craig Martin. Creating drafts in urban settings through coloured façades: Exploring a new climate adaptation measure based on thermal stratification. Urban Climate. 2015; 14 ():290-300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Kleerekoper; Andy Van Den Dobbelsteen; Eric Van Den Ham; Truus Hordijk; Craig Martin. 2015. "Creating drafts in urban settings through coloured façades: Exploring a new climate adaptation measure based on thermal stratification." Urban Climate 14, no. : 290-300.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2015 in Smart and Sustainable Built Environment
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Purpose – Due to the predicted global temperature rise and local expansion and densification of cities, Urban Heat Islands (UHI) are likely to increase in the Netherlands. As spatial characteristics of a city influence its climate, urban design could be deployed to mitigate the combined effects of climate change and UHIs. Although cities are already experiencing problems during warm-weather periods, no clear spatial means or strategies are available for urban designers to alleviate heat stress. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – There is a lack of knowledge on cooling effects that can be achieved through urban design in Dutch neighbourhoods. In this paper, the cooling effects of various design measures are compared on the level of urban blocks and neighbourhoods, with a focus on a 1960s neighbourhood in Amsterdam-West. The cooling effects are simulated by means of the microclimate model ENVI-met, here the effects on air temperature and physiological equivalent temperature will be evaluated. Findings – The use of green, and a higher roof albedo in particular, seem to perform well as cooling measures. Combinations of cooling measures do not necessarily result in better performance and might even counteract other cooling effects. However, combinations of measures that lead to an increase in the environmental temperature show the largest heating. Research limitations/implications – Effects of green roofs and facades are beyond the scope of this study, though future suggestions for this research will be included. Originality/value – The results add to the body of knowledge in the area of climate design enabling policy makers and designers to estimate the effect of simulated measures in comparable neighbourhoods and thus improve thermal comfort in outdoor spaces.

ACS Style

L. Kleerekoper; A.A.J.F. Van Den Dobbelsteen; G.J. Hordijk; M.J. Van Dorst; Craig Martin. Climate adaptation strategies: achieving insight in microclimate effects of redevelopment options. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 2015, 4, 110 -136.

AMA Style

L. Kleerekoper, A.A.J.F. Van Den Dobbelsteen, G.J. Hordijk, M.J. Van Dorst, Craig Martin. Climate adaptation strategies: achieving insight in microclimate effects of redevelopment options. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. 2015; 4 (1):110-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Kleerekoper; A.A.J.F. Van Den Dobbelsteen; G.J. Hordijk; M.J. Van Dorst; Craig Martin. 2015. "Climate adaptation strategies: achieving insight in microclimate effects of redevelopment options." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 1: 110-136.