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Coupling the electricity and heat sectors is receiving interest as a potential source of flexibility to help absorb surplus renewable electricity. The flexibility afforded by power-to-heat systems in dwellings has yet to be quantified in terms of time, energy and costs, and especially in cases where homeowners are heterogeneous prosumers. Flexibility quantification whilst accounting for prosumer heterogeneity is non-trivial. Therefore in this work a novel two-step optimization framework is proposed to quantify the potential of prosumers to absorb surplus renewable electricity through the integration of air source heat pumps and thermal energy storage. The first step is formulated as a multi-period mixed integer linear programming problem to determine the optimal energy system, and the quantity of surplus electricity absorbed. The second step is formulated as a linear programming problem to determine the price a prosumer will accept for absorbing surplus electricity, and thus the number of active prosumers in the market. A case study of 445 prosumers is presented to illustrate the approach. Results show that the number of active prosumers is affected by the quantity of absorbed electricity, frequency of requests, the price offered by aggregators and how prosumers determine the acceptable value of flexibility provided. This study is a step towards reducing the need for renewable curtailment and increasing pricing transparency in relation to demand-side response.
Gbemi Oluleye; John Allison; Graeme Hawker; Nicolas Kelly; Adam D. Hawkes. A two-step optimization model for quantifying the flexibility potential of power-to-heat systems in dwellings. Applied Energy 2018, 228, 215 -228.
AMA StyleGbemi Oluleye, John Allison, Graeme Hawker, Nicolas Kelly, Adam D. Hawkes. A two-step optimization model for quantifying the flexibility potential of power-to-heat systems in dwellings. Applied Energy. 2018; 228 ():215-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGbemi Oluleye; John Allison; Graeme Hawker; Nicolas Kelly; Adam D. Hawkes. 2018. "A two-step optimization model for quantifying the flexibility potential of power-to-heat systems in dwellings." Applied Energy 228, no. : 215-228.
In this paper a novel multi-period MILP model is developed, and applied to show how: (1) integrating thermal energy storage with ASHP (i.e. power to heat storage) reduces the ASHP peak and total electricity demand by 78.2 % and 8.4 % respectively, and (2) proper sizing of the ASHP reduced its total electricity demand by 35%. The accuracy of the model is improved by using fewer time slices to capture technology and energy demand characteristics. Storage size and operation are determined based on the energy demand and economic price signals.
Gbemi Oluleye; John Allison; Nick Kelly; Adam Hawkes. A Multi-period Mixed Integer Linear Program for Assessing the Benefits of Power to Heat Storage in a Dwelling Energy System. 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering 2018, 43, 1451 -1456.
AMA StyleGbemi Oluleye, John Allison, Nick Kelly, Adam Hawkes. A Multi-period Mixed Integer Linear Program for Assessing the Benefits of Power to Heat Storage in a Dwelling Energy System. 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. 2018; 43 ():1451-1456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGbemi Oluleye; John Allison; Nick Kelly; Adam Hawkes. 2018. "A Multi-period Mixed Integer Linear Program for Assessing the Benefits of Power to Heat Storage in a Dwelling Energy System." 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering 43, no. : 1451-1456.
In spite of the benefits from thermal energy storage (TES) integration in dwellings, the penetration rate in Europe is 5%. Effective fiscal policies are necessary to accelerate deployment. However, there is currently no direct support for TES in buildings compared to support for electricity storage. This could be due to lack of evidence to support incentivisation. In this study, a novel systematic framework is developed to provide a case in support of TES incentivisation. The model determines the costs, CO2 emissions, dispatch strategy and sizes of technologies, and TES for a domestic user under policy neutral and policy intensive scenarios. The model is applied to different building types in the UK. The model is applied to a case study for a detached dwelling in the UK (floor area of 122 m2), where heat demand is satisfied by a boiler and electricity imported from the grid. Results show that under a policy neutral scenario, integrating a micro-Combined Heat and Power (CHP) reduces the primary energy demand by 11%, CO2 emissions by 21%, but with a 16 year payback. Additional benefits from TES integration can pay for the investment within the first 9 years, reducing to 3.5–6 years when the CO2 levy is accounted for. Under a policy intensive scenario (for example considering the Feed in Tariff (FIT)), primary energy demand and CO2 emissions reduce by 17 and 33% respectively with a 5 year payback. In this case, the additional benefits for TES integration can pay for the investment in TES within the first 2 years. The framework developed is a useful tool is determining the role TES in decarbonising domestic energy systems.
Gbemi Oluleye; John Allison; Nicolas Kelly; Adam D. Hawkes. An Optimisation Study on Integrating and Incentivising Thermal Energy Storage (TES) in a Dwelling Energy System. Energies 2018, 11, 1095 .
AMA StyleGbemi Oluleye, John Allison, Nicolas Kelly, Adam D. Hawkes. An Optimisation Study on Integrating and Incentivising Thermal Energy Storage (TES) in a Dwelling Energy System. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGbemi Oluleye; John Allison; Nicolas Kelly; Adam D. Hawkes. 2018. "An Optimisation Study on Integrating and Incentivising Thermal Energy Storage (TES) in a Dwelling Energy System." Energies 11, no. 5: 1095.
Sonja Sechi; Sara Giarola; Andrea Lanzini; Marta Gandiglio; Gbemi Oluleye; Massimo Santarelli; Adam Hawkes. Techno-economic assessment of the effects of biogas rate fluctuations on industrial applications of solid-oxide fuel cells. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 2017, 40, 895 -900.
AMA StyleSonja Sechi, Sara Giarola, Andrea Lanzini, Marta Gandiglio, Gbemi Oluleye, Massimo Santarelli, Adam Hawkes. Techno-economic assessment of the effects of biogas rate fluctuations on industrial applications of solid-oxide fuel cells. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. 2017; 40 ():895-900.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonja Sechi; Sara Giarola; Andrea Lanzini; Marta Gandiglio; Gbemi Oluleye; Massimo Santarelli; Adam Hawkes. 2017. "Techno-economic assessment of the effects of biogas rate fluctuations on industrial applications of solid-oxide fuel cells." Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 40, no. : 895-900.