(1) Background: The meatpacking industry in Brazil is vital for economic growth. It poses significant occupational health risks, particularly Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). The present study analyzes the profile of slaughterhouse workers based on the governmental notification database. (2) Methods: The socio-demographic dataset (n = 820) was filled with worker data, and health profiles reported Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) and WMSDs from 2007 to 2019, available online by the Brazilian Health Service. The dataset was analyzed to identify patterns of injuries and contributing factors. Descriptive statistics outlined worker characteristics, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) explored associations between variables. (3) Results: The results revealed that 51.34% of workers were male, with most aged 30–45. Repetitive movements were reported by 89.63% of respondents, while 78.90% worked shifts exceeding six hours. Soft tissue disorders were the most prevalent diagnosis (40.97%). The majority (53.17%) experienced temporary disabilities, and 5.73% had permanent impairments. Key risk factors included inadequate breaks, stressful environments, and limited ergonomic adaptations. This study highlights the critical need for preventative measures, such as ergonomic interventions, adequate rest breaks, and employee education, to mitigate WMSDs. Future research should include ergonomic evaluations and consider broader organizational variables to enhance slaughterhouse occupational health and safety. Addressing these challenges is essential for improving worker welfare and maintaining industry productivity.

This study presents a quantitative, cross-sectional analysis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among sick leave recipients in Brazil’s meat production chain, using official surveillance data. A marked temporal shift was observed; women remained more affected by upper limb injuries, such as shoulder and wrist disorders. In 2022, male notifications surpassed female ones, marking a turning point linked to improved reporting and the inclusion of WRMSDs in Brazil’s compulsory notification list. Workers aged 20–49 were the most impacted group, with diagnoses including shoulder lesions, tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, and occupational risk exposure. The findings highlight systemic barriers, including underreporting, inadequate protection, and weak return-to-work protocols. Implementing gender-differentiated ergonomic protocols is crucial, as it requires reducing repetitive strain for women in line-feeding/cutting roles, and mitigating environmental hazards (such as cold, vibration, and chemical exposure) for men in farming/slaughtering. These results underscore the urgent need for gender-sensitive preventive strategies and occupational health policies tailored to the meat processing industry.