(1) Background: Oxidative stress markers in the follicular fluid and serum of the patient with IVF results (number of fertilized oocytes, number of embryos, cumulative pregnancy rate) are important in establishing the causes of infertility. (2) Methods: 42 patients were enrolled in the study over the duration of 24 months and were divided into two groups: the study group divided into the female etiology for infertility as a tubal factor, diminished ovarian reserve, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility, and the control group consisting of the male factor, excluding the sperm donors and with no female factor cause. On the day of ovarian puncture in IVF, follicular fluid and serum were collected from the patients. (3) Results: Malondialdehyde from the follicular fluid was higher in the control group. The total antioxidant capacity in the follicular fluid is positively correlated with the pregnancy rate. There is no statistically significant difference in the oxidative stress markers from serum in both groups. (4) Conclusions: The capacity of the follicular fluid environment to contain the reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to a higher pregnancy rate in the control group.

Phytochemistry serves as a vital bridge between traditional medicinal knowledge and modern scientific research, with important implications for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. This review offers an updated and integrated perspective on Chelidonium majus (greater celandine), focusing on its isoquinoline alkaloids—the principal bioactive constituents—alongside emerging phytochemicals (e.g., lignanamides, polyphenols). Detailed biosynthetic pathways of isoquinoline alkaloids are described, tracing their formation from the shikimate pathway to multiple structural subclasses. Reported biological activities include anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software (Scopus dataset, 2015–2025), enabling the identification of major research themes and temporal trends. These research tools supported a structured and data-driven overview of the current scientific landscape. However, additional studies are needed to optimize its therapeutic use while ensuring efficacy and safety.

Heat stress (HS) is a critical challenge in dairy farming, affecting metabolism, milk production, and overall cow health. This review explores the impact of HS on fatty acid metabolism, milk fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism shifts under elevated temperatures. While HS typically induces a negative energy balance (NEBAL), studies reveal paradoxical findings regarding non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) dynamics, with some reporting increased fat mobilization and others showing blunted NEFA responses. Additionally, short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and MCFAs) decline under heat stress, whereas certain long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), particularly unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) like C18:1 cis-9, increase, suggesting their role as biomarkers for HS adaptation. The primary tools in this review are the academic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). These databases were used for literature retrieval based on defined search terms and Boolean operators. The review also highlights genetic variations in fatty acid responses to HS and the potential of specific fatty acids in monitoring heat stress effects. Understanding these metabolic alterations is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress in dairy cattle.

This chapter reveals that in an era marked by globalization and climate change, the interplay between food safety, food security, and food ethics shapes the essence of our food. It explores the complex nexus connecting these fields, highlighting paradoxes and challenges that call for an integrated and holistic approach. While food safety ensures well-being, strict regulations can unintentionally hinder food security and ethical standards, especially for small producers and developing countries. Food insecurity often forces ethical compromises, which in some circumstances could lead to environmental degradation and labor exploitation. Conversely, ethical gaps in food production can compromise safety and security, underscoring the need for balanced and inclusive policies. This exploration envisions a future where technology and tradition merge, and ethical considerations guide every aspect of the global food system. This approach aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and climate action (SDG 13). This vision of a safe, sufficient, and ethical food system invites us to rethink and reshape our approach to feeding humanity.

Heat stress poses a significant challenge to dairy cattle by disrupting physiological homeostasis, reducing productivity, and altering nutrient metabolism. A central adaptive mechanism to HS involves enhanced proteolysis and mobilization of skeletal muscle, supplying amino acids for energy production via gluconeogenesis. This review synthesizes current findings on the effects of HS on intracellular, circulating, and milk amino acid profiles in dairy cows, with an emphasis on identifying potential biomarkers of thermal stress. Multiple studies demonstrate that heat stress modulates amino acid metabolism across tissues, with notable compartment-specific changes. Intracellular concentrations of certain amino acids such as proline, glutamine, and valine often increase under heat stress, while their systemic and milk levels tend to decline, suggesting increased cellular retention and utilization. Essential AAs like lysine, methionine, and isoleucine consistently decrease in blood and milk, reflecting compromised availability and altered mammary uptake. Moreover, heat stress impacts amino acids involved in immune modulation (e.g., threonine), nitrogen metabolism (e.g., arginine, citrulline, ornithine), and neurotransmitter biosynthesis (e.g., Triptophan, Tyrosine), underscoring their regulatory roles in stress adaptation. The differential response of amino acids across biological compartments highlights the complexity of their metabolic regulation under heat stress. Milk and blood amino acid profiling emerges as a promising tool for monitoring thermal stress, with lysine, glutamine, and proline among the most responsive candidates. Overall, the evidence underscores the value of targeted AA analysis for understanding and potentially mitigating the metabolic impacts of heat stress in dairy cattle.