Chrysin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including showing anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is limited by poor bioavailability and low solubility. The introduction of an amine, amide, ester, or alkoxy group to a flavone skeleton influences the biological activity. This review also discusses hybrid compounds, such as the chrysin–porphyrin hybrid, which are characterized by higher biological activity and better bioavailability properties than single molecules. This review concentrates on the anticancer activity of chrysin and its derivatives against the most popular cancers, such as breast, lung, prostate, and gastrointestinal tumors.

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare genetic diseases with a metabolic background. Currently, there are no effective methods of treating MPS, and new ways of treating patients are constantly being sought.Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the available literature on clinical trials of new treatments for mucopolysaccharidoses.Material and methods: The review of research literature published between 1999 and 2023 was conducted, with a specific focus on the last ten years. The literature for this article was selected from publications available online in databases such as Google Scholar or PubMed. Research was based on keywords like: mucopolysaccharidoses, clinical trials, gene therapy, MPS. Results: A total of 104 publications were considered in the study, including 95 scientific articles and 9 clinical trial reports (consisting of 1 FDA approval). Out of those 104 articles, 82 discussed potential future therapies for patients with MPS. Among them, as many as 51 focused on gene therapy.Conclusions: The only currently approved treatments for mucopolysaccharidoses are enzyme replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which are not suitable for all types of MPS and have their limitations. In addition, there is no single therapy for all types of MPS, as they are the result of mutations in different genes and result from the deficiency of different enzymes. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies are being conducted on therapies for mucopolysaccharidoses. These include therapies that allow manipulation of cellular pathways, substrate reduction, or gene therapy, which is the most promising form of treatment. Some of the studies have successfully passed the first and second research phases.

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare inherited lysosomal storage disorders caused by a deficiency or absence of specific lysosomal enzymes responsible for degrading glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The accumulation of GAGs in cells and tissues leads to progressive multi-organ dysfunction, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life and lifespan. Due to the initially asymptomatic presentation and the rarity of the disease, diagnosis is often significantly delayed.Aim of the study: This review aims to summarize and evaluate current and emerging diagnostic methods for MPS, with particular emphasis on their potential to enable early detection and timely therapeutic intervention.Material and methods: A literature review was conducted based on scientific publications from the last two decades. The analysis focused on traditional diagnostic methods—such as urinary GAG analysis, enzymatic assays, and molecular genetic testing—as well as novel screening tools and biomarkers, including tandem mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing.Results: Traditional methods remain the gold standard for confirming MPS diagnosis but are often preceded by a long diagnostic delay. Recent advances, such as newborn screening protocols using dried blood spot tests and expanded genetic panels, promise much earlier detection of MPS. These newer methods demonstrate higher sensitivity and specificity and, when implemented in screening programs, may significantly shorten the so-called “diagnostic odyssey.”Conclusions: Early and accurate diagnosis of MPS is essential for initiating effective treatments such as enzyme replacement therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. New diagnostic technologies offer hope for earlier detection and better clinical outcomes and may facilitate access to experimental therapies, including gene therapy. Widespread implementation of these techniques could transform the diagnostic landscape for MPS and improve patient prognosis.