The magnetic field penetration depth poses challenges in communications, geophysical exploration, biomedical therapies, and superconducting device design. The objective of this systematic review was to identify, analyze, and understand the depth of magnetic field penetration in conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, insulators and natural materials, modelling applications in medicine, engineering, and basic sciences. An exhaustive search was carried out in databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and IOPSCIENCE using keywords such as depth and penetration and magnetic and field and materials. PRISMA was used as a method to define inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring quality, transparency, and methodological rigor, followed by a detailed statistical analysis. The results showed that the penetration depth varies according to the material, frequency, and application conditions. In human tissues, infrastructure, and agricultural applications, the penetration range is between 0.01 and 0.2 m, with the possibility of a range greater than one meter in specific applications. The higher the frequency, the lower the penetration depth is confirmed. In conclusion, the penetration of the magnetic field depends on material properties such as conductivity and magnetic permeability, frequency, and temperature. The developed models offer relevant information for future research and technological applications.

Crack formation and rehabilitation of concrete elements, such as slabs and columns, in buildings located in areas with temperatures above 25 °C, where accelerated water evaporation significantly reduces their structural strength, was addressed. To mitigate this effect, an intelligent automated monitoring and curing system was developed, using integrated sensors and embedded controllers. The study was applied, experimental and explanatory, based on the hypothetico-deductive method. Work was carried out with physical models (specimens, columns and solid slabs) with 1:2:3 dosage, in which thermal and humidity sensors were integrated, and a visualisation system with an LCD screen was designed in Proteus for data collection. Quantitative analysis, with 95 % confidence, revealed a moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.587; p = 0.001) between the environmental thermo-hygrometer and the embedded DS18B20 sensor, showing effective heat transfer. The low correlation with the HD-38 sensor (r = 0.143; p = 0.468) indicated little influence of ambient humidity on internal humidity. The system restored the initial screams, used 1680 litres of water in 28 days, reducing consumption by 20 % compared to traditional methods. Higher evaporation was identified between 11:00 and 16:00 hours (UTC-5), a critical phenomenon not reported in previous studies in tropical areas.

This study addresses the formation, detection, and repair of cracks in concrete elements exposed to temperatures above 25 °C, where accelerated evaporation compromises their structural strength. An automated intelligent curing system with embedded sensors (DS18B20, HD-38) and Arduino controllers was developed and applied to solid slabs, columns, and concrete test specimens (1:2:3.5 mix ratio). The electronic design was simulated in Proteus and validated experimentally under tropical conditions. Data with normal distribution (p > 0.05) showed a significant correlation between internal and ambient temperature (r = 0.587; p = 0.001) and a low correlation in humidity (r = 0.143; p = 0.468), indicating hygrometric independence. The system healed cracks of 0.01 mm observed two hours after pouring the mixture, associated with an evaporation rate of 1.097 mL/s in 4 m². For 28 days, automated irrigation cycles were applied every 30 to 60 min, with a total of 1680 L, achieving a 20% reduction in water consumption compared to traditional methods. The system maintained stable thermal conditions in the concrete despite ambient temperatures of up to 33.85 °C. A critical evaporation range was identified between 11:00 and 16:00 (UTC-5). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the embedded system in optimizing curing, water efficiency, and concrete durability.