En tr Aerobic stability (silage life), and from the pop-up remains intact as a silage warming is defined as the length of time. Although oxygen input into silage is insignificant at fermentation stage or during fermentation this entrence is excessives during feeding. This case causes activation of yeast, mould, and aerobic microorganisms which leads to deterioration of silage. Consequently silage temperature and pH increases with lost of dry matter. As a result of these, increase in temperature, rise in pH, and loss of dry matter in silage occurs. Factors affecting the aerobic stability of silage can be grouped under four headings: (1) Physical, chemical and microbiological properties of silage material, (2) filling of silage material and silage density, (3) silage additives and fermentation, (4) feeding management. In this review factors affecting the aerobic stability of silage, and strategies for improving it were discussed. Aerobik stabilite, açılan bir silajın ısınmadan ve bozulmadan kaldığı sürenin uzunluğu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Silaj içine fermantasyon döneminde daha az olmakla birlikte, özellikle yemleme döneminde yoğun bir oksijen girişi meydana gelmektedir. Bu durum silajın bozulmasına neden olan maya, küf ve aerobik mikroorganizmaların aktif hale gelmesine ve sonuçta stabilitenin düşmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak da silajda sıcaklık artışı, pH’da yükselme ve kuru madde kaybı meydana gelmektedir. Silajların aerobik stabilitesini etkileyen faktörleri dört başlık altında toplamak mümkündür: (1) Silajlık materyalin fiziksel, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri, (2) silajlık materyalin doldurulması ve silaj yoğunluğu, (3) silaj katkı maddeleri ve fermantasyon, (4) silajın hayvanlara yedirilmesindeki uygulamalar. Bu makalede silajların aerobik stabilitesini etkileyen faktörler ile stabiliteyi iyileştirme stratejileri tartışılmıştır.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of spraying oregano essential oil (OEO) onto sugar beet pulp silage (SBPS) on silage quality and aerobic stability after opening. A factorial experiment with three replicates of three treatments and four time periods was conducted using laboratory-type plastic silos. The treatments were an untreated control, silage sprayed with 10 ml/75 cm2 OEO, and silage sprayed with 20 ml/75 cm2 OEO. The silages were sampled at 0, 72, 120, and 168 hours after spraying. Temperature, L*, a*, and b* colour values, pH, water-soluble carbohydrates, crude nutrient contents, Fleig score, metabolizable energy (ME) value, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total live bacteria (TLB), yeast, and mould formation were assessed. Spraying OEO onto SBPS did not affect L*, a*, and b* values, pH, water-soluble carbohydrates, and Fleig score values, but decreased temperature. Spraying OEO onto the silage increased organic matter, ether extract, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin contents without affecting crude protein, crude fibre, nitrogen free extract, and ME contents. Irrespective of treatment, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, nitrogen free extract, Fleig score, and ME contents of silages increased with time after spraying. The OEO spraying reduced LAB, TLB, and yeast contents in silages. In conclusion, OEO spraying onto opened SBPS reduced LAB, TLB, and yeast formation and stopped mould growth up to 72 hours without affecting their nutritional properties, suggesting that OEO could be used to ensure the stability of SBPS. Keywords: aerobic stability, mould growth, silage microbiology, nutrients, feeding management

This study was practical work in a commercial beef cattle enterprise to offer beef producers different options in a total mixed ration (TMR) design. This study was conducted to determine the effects of withdrawing maize silage from TMR during ...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary symbiotic supplementation on the growth performance and duodenum histological parameters of quail reared in different flooring systems. A total of 160 mixed-sex healthy quail (47±0.32 g) aged 14 days were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design with four replicates, each including five males and five females. Two flooring systems (wire floor as control and wood shavings bedding) and two dietary treatments (symbiotic supplementation and no supplementation) were tested. Birds were transferred to four-tier cages for the trial. Each kilogram of the commercial diet included 224 g crude protein and 3,080 kcal metabolizable energy. The experiment lasted 21 days. Daily weight gain and gastrointestinal tract weight were statistically higher in the wood shavings and wood shavings + symbiotic-supplemented groups than in control group. Villi length was higher in the wood shavings + symbiotic and symbiotic-supplemented groups than in control and wood shavings groups. The wood shavings groups had longer villi than control group. Villi width was higher in wood shaving + symbiotic-supplemented groups compared with the other treatment groups. The litter system of wood shavings and symbiotic supplementation provide better growth performance to quail by developing their duodenum histomorphological parameters and digestive tract.

This study was conducted to determine the influence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LpP) isolated from homemade pickles on chemical, physical, and microbiological properties, in vitro digestibility and feed value, and aerobic stability in pure maize and mixture silages of maize and soybean. The treatment groups were inoculated maize silage, inoculated soybean silage, inoculated 75% Maize + 25% Soybean silage, inoculated 50% Maize + 50% Soybean silage, inoculated 25% Maize + 75% Soybean silage, and their respective uninoculated control silages. By inoculating maize and soybean combination silages with LpP, these silages’ organic matter content increased, and their neutral and acid detergent fiber contents decreased. In these silages, lactic acid bacteria content and relative feed value increased, while yeast levels decreased, compared to the control silage. Inoculation improved silage quality and aerobic stability by reducing CO₂ production, especially in pure soybean silage, and reduced the in vitro digestible organic matter and net energy lactation value of pure maize and pure soybean silages but did not affect maize-soybean mixed silages. The results showed that LpP isolated from homemade pickles can contribute to increase silage quality with respect to aerobic stability in low-structural carbohydrate contained silage materials, and maize itself for these materials. It can be suggested that LpP isolated from homemade pickles can be safely used as a bacterial inoculant for ensiling crops such as soya crops, which are difficult and risky to ensilage, alone or in mixtures with maize.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the changes in colostrum during the first 72 h after birth and to elucidate the impact of calving age and calf sex in Anatolian buffaloes. Materials and Methods: The study used colostrum samples from 25 newly calved Anatolian buffalos raised under similar farm conditions. The samples were collected at the first milking after calving (T0), 24 h (T24), 48 h (T48), and 72 h (T72) after calving during the summer season. The postpartum period, calving age, and calf sex were considered as non-genetic factors. Results: The first milking colostrum weight, fat, solids-not-fat (SNF), protein, and lactose content were determined as 2.95±0.21 kg, 7.96±0.45%, 17.5±1.63%, 14.5±1.45% and 2.58±0.24%, respectively. Fat, SNF, and protein were significantly higher at T0. Colostrum weight was the lowest at T0 and T24, gradually increasing at T48 and T72 (P0.05). The calving age and calf sex did not statically affect colostrum weight, fat, SNF, protein, and lactose content (P>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the composition of buffalo colostrum showed significant changes in the postpartum period, especially after the first milking. Therefore, providing high-quality colostrum as soon as possible is recommended for calf health.