George BM, et al. Anat Cell Biol. 2014 Dec;47(4):253-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2014.47.4.253

Background. Difference in scar formation at different sites, in different directions at the same site, but with changes in the elasticity of skin with age, sex, and race or in some pathological conditions, is well known to clinicians. The inappropriate collagen syntheses and delayed or lack of epithelialization are known to induce scar formation with negligible elasticity at the site of damage. Changes in the elasticity of scars may be due to an unequal distribution of dermal collagen (C) and elastic (E) fibers.Materials and Methods. Spearman correlation coefficients (r) of collagen and elastic fibers in horizontal (H) and in vertical (V) directions (variables CV, CH, EV, and EH) were measured from the respective quantitative fraction data in 320 skin samples from 32 human cadavers collected at five selected sites over extremities.Results. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed the statistically significant (p<0.01) strong positive correlation betweenCHandCVin all the areas, that is, shoulder joint area (r=0.66), wrist (r=0.75), forearm (r=0.75), and thigh (r=0.80), except at the ankle (r=0.26,p=0.14) region. Similarly, positive correlation betweenEHandEVhas been observed at the forearm (r=0.65, moderate) and thigh (r=0.42, low) regions. However, a significant moderate negative correlation was observed betweenCVandEVat the forearm (r=-0.51) and betweenCHandEHat the thigh region (r=-0.65).Conclusion. Significant differences of correlations of collagen and elastic fibers in different directions from different areas of extremities were noted. This may be one of the possible anatomical reasons of scar behavior in different areas and different directions of the same area.

Nayak SB, et al. Anat Cell Biol. 2013 Dec;46(4):296-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.296

Maxillary air sinus (MS) is the largest and clinically most important air sinus because of its anatomical relationship with the nasal cavity and especially with teeth of the upper jaw. Periapical dental infection frequently spreads to the maxillary sinus leading to its secondary infection. The occurrence of maxillary sinusitis due to the odontogenic causes is one of the common clinical conditions which is frequently encountered by the endodontists. While handling such cases, the gross anatomy and structure of MS are visualized using various radiological images. However, most of the time, it is challenging for dentists to understand the MS due to its complicated morphology. Keeping this in mind, this literature review is done to comprehensively compile the details on MS from anatomy, radiology, and endodontic importance point of view. The articles were selected from databases like PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar using the keywords “maxillary sinus,” “maxillary sinusitis,” “Endo antral syndrome,” “periapical surgery,” and “odontogenic infections.” In addition, a literature survey was also done using phrases like “roots extending into maxillary sinus,” “foreign bodies in maxillary sinus,” etc. Anatomical variation of sinus could be of clinical importance and the knowledge about the same could come in handy in treatment planning of upper teeth. Extruded materials from the root of a tooth into the sinus can make it prone to infection. The dentist should carefully evaluate the root of a tooth during root canal treatment.