Turkiye is considered one of the most important gene centers in the world. Archaeological evidence and studies conducted to date show that cattle, sheep and goats were domesticated in Anatolia and its immediate surroundings. Since a detailed census based on the breeds and their characteristics of these species cannot be made today, no precise information can be obtained about the current status of the breeds. The skin color of the local yellow cows raised in the region was used, ranging from almost black brown and dirty yellow to red and cinnamon. It has been determined that they are small-bodied and have short horns. The rump is higher than the withers, and the back line is also seen to be straight. Horn color is dark black. The area around the eyes, sides of the face, neck, shoulder blades and shaped tip are darker. The tip of the nose is dark to black, and around the nose and mouth there is a slightly lighter-colored, sometimes off-white ring depending on the areas. The inner sides of the sections are light colored. Nail color is dark gray or black, close to black. The average dry matter of domestic yellow breed cattle was determined as 11.67, SNF 9.64, fat 2.15 and protein 3.53. However, it is understood that there is a significant deviation in the minimum and maximum values.

Fatty acid binding proteins FABP3 and FABP4 act as intracellular lipid chaperones that influence fatty acid transport and metabolism in mammary tissue, and genetic variation in these genes may affect milk composition. We examined the associations between FABP3 and FABP4 polymorphisms and milk composition and fatty acid profiles in 200 lactating Native Southern Yellow (NSY) cows. DNA from each cow was PCR-amplified and Sanger-sequenced for FABP3 and FABP4; genotypes were tested for their association with milk fatty acid concentrations and standard composition traits using linear models adjusted for relevant covariates. We detected a missense variant in FABP3 (c.3656G > A; p.Val45Met) and an intronic SNP in FABP4 (g.3509T > C). The FABP3 p.Val45Met AA genotype was associated with higher concentrations of butyric, palmitic, oleic, and α-linolenic acids. Cows with the FABP4 TC genotype exhibited elevated levels of myristoleic, γ-linolenic, conjugated linoleic, and arachidic acids, along with increased fat-free dry matter, protein, and lactose. In silico analyses provided mixed evidence for the structural effects of p.Val45Met, molecular docking suggested altered ligand affinity for several fatty acids, and splice site prediction implicated g.3509T > C in possible transcript processing changes. These variants constitute candidate markers for milk fatty acid composition in NSY cattle; replication in independent cohorts and functional validation are recommended to confirm their utility for milk quality improvement.

This experiment investigated cinnamaldehyde and thymol supplementation on growth, blood meatebolites and DL as indicators of ruminal development. The hypothesis was that supplementation with thymol+cinnamaldehyde during the weaning period would increase feed efficiency in cattle and reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Thirthy-seven wea-ning period calves (18 females and 19 males) were enroled and randomly assigned to one of two treatments for 56 day: Control diet (CTRL; no thymol+cinnamaldehyde supple-mentation; n = 18) supplementation with T+C; %0.15 thymol+cinnamaldehyde; Macrovit Menoherb™ Adana, Türkiye; n = 19). In the study, the effects of treatment, gender and tre-atment x gender on weaning weight, DMI, ADG, feed conversion ratio were found to be statistically insignificant (P>0.05). While T+C application was found to be statistically in-significant on blood values of AST, GGT, Ca, P, Mg, total protein, albumin, BUN, the effect of the application on gender was found to be significant on BUN value. In diarrhea cases, T+C administration was observed to result in a decrease in diarrhea incidence and a shorter treatment duration in the treatment group compared to the control group. Based on the results, phytogenic feed additive supplements may be an effective way to improve the health of calves.