Lung tissue is directly exposed to high oxygen pressure, as well as increased endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in these conditions play an important role in the initiation and promotion of neoplastic growth. In response to oxidative stress, the antioxidant activity increases and minimizes ROS-induced injury in experimental systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD; isoforms: Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), along with the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissues of two histological types of NSCLC, i.e., adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, collected from 53 individuals with surgically resectable NSCLC. MDA concentration was similar in tumors compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Tumor cells had low MnSOD activity, usually low Cu/ZnSOD activity, and almost always low catalase activity compared with those of the corresponding tumor-free lung tissues. Activities of GSH-related enzymes were significantly higher in tumor tissues, irrespective of the histological type of cancer. This pattern of antioxidant enzymes activity could possibly be the way by which tumor cells protect themselves against increased oxidative stress.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing occupational health and safety (OHS) by addressing workplace hazards and enhancing employee well-being. This review explores the broader context of increasing automation and digitalization, focusing on the role of human–AI interaction in improving workplace health, safety, and productivity while considering associated challenges. Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed, involving a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies published within the last 25 years. After screening for relevance and eligibility, a total of 52 articles were included in the final analysis. These publications examined various AI applications in OHS, such as wearable technologies, predictive analytics, and ergonomic tools, with a focus on their contributions and limitations. Results: Key findings demonstrate that AI enhances hazard detection, enables real-time monitoring, and improves training through immersive simulations, significantly contributing to safer and more efficient workplaces. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic biases, and reduced worker autonomy were identified as significant barriers to broader AI adoption in OHS. Conclusions: AI holds great promise in transforming OHS practices, but its integration requires ethical frameworks and human-centric collaboration models to ensure transparency, equity, and worker empowerment. Addressing these challenges will allow workplaces to harness the full potential of AI in creating safer, healthier, and more sustainable environments.

The study population included healthy men and hypertensive employees of zinc and lead steelworks in the south of Poland. Workers exposed to lead (n=137) were divided into two groups: the first included employees with low exposure to lead (LL) with mean blood lead (PbB) 25-40 μg/dL and the second one with PbB over 40 μg/dL (HL group). The administration workers (n=35) were the control group. Evaluation of lipids and oxidative changes of cholesterol and lipids were estimated in blood samples. No significant changes in concentration of 7-ketocholesterol and blood lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) were found. Lipid peroxidation (LP) was significantly higher in both exposed groups in plasma and in the HL group in erythrocytes when compared with control. There can be two independent sources of LP increase: the first is connected with the direct effect of lead’s ions on erythrocytes, the second is the prooxidative effect of delta-aminolevulinic acid. Hypertension in the HL group when compared with people with PbB below 40 μg/dL (OR 4.4, 95%CI 1.4-40 mg/dL was found more often. LP significantly increased by about 71% and concentration of 7-ketocholesterol by about 122% in hypertensives when compared with normotensives in the HL group.

Clinical and biological assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in the frail population is of crucial importance. The study focuses on measuring the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies before and after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination among long-term care facility (LTCF) elderly residents. We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational study among LTCF residents. The study protocol was based on three blood sample acquisitions: first taken at baseline—5 days before the first dose of the vaccine, second—20 days after the first dose, and third—12 days after the second shot of the vaccine. The comparison was made for two cohorts: patients with and without prior COVID-19 infection. The data was collected from January to March 2021. A total number of 78 LTCF residents (55 women and 23 men) aged 62–104, 85.72 ± 7.59 years (mean ± SD), were enrolled in the study. All study participants were investigated for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) protein IgG, using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale. Among elderly COVID-19 survivors in LTCF, a single dose of vaccine significantly increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels. IgG concentration after a single and double dose was comparable, which may suggest that elderly COVID-19 survivors do not require a second dose of vaccine. For residents without a previous history of COVID-19, two doses are needed to achieve an effective serological response. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 did not correlate with the frailty and age of the studied individuals.