Background and Aims: Obesity is an increasing problem in patients after total knee replacement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a weight loss intervention before primary total knee replacement would improve quality of life, knee function, mobility, and body composition 1 year after surgery. Material and Methods: Patients scheduled for total knee replacement due to osteoarthritis of the knee and obesity were randomized to a control group receiving standard care or to an intervention group receiving 8-week low-energy diet before total knee replacement. Patient-reported quality of life, 6-Min Walk Test, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed before intervention for the diet group, and within 1 week preoperatively for both groups, and the changes in outcome from baseline to 1 year after total knee replacement were compared between groups. The number of participants was lower than planned, which might introduce a type-2 error and underestimate the trend for a better outcome after weight loss. Results: The analyses are based on a total of 76 patients, 38 in each group. This study showed major improvement in both study groups in quality of life and knee function, though no statistically significant differences between the groups were observed 1 year after total knee replacement. The average weight loss after 8-week preoperative intervention was 10.7 kg and consisted of a 6.7 kg reduction in fat mass. One year after total knee replacement, the participants in the diet group managed to maintain the weight reduction, whereas there was no change in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that it is feasible and safe to implement an intensive weight loss program shortly before total knee replacement. The preoperative intervention resulted in a 10% body weight loss, improved body composition, lower cardiovascular risk factors, and sustained s-leptin.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Current immune-modulating therapies are insufficient for 30–50% of patients or cause significant side effects, emphasizing the need for new treatments. Targeting the innate immune system and enhancing drug delivery to inflamed gut regions are promising strategies. Neutrophils play a central role in IBD by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) —DNA-based structures with cytotoxic proteins—that contribute to mucosal damage and inflammation. Recent studies linking ROS production, DNA repair, and NET formation have identified NETs as potential therapeutic targets, with preclinical models showing positive outcomes from NET inhibition. Innovative oral drug delivery systems designed to target gut inflammation directly—without systemic absorption—could improve treatment precision and reduce side effects. Advanced formulations utilize properties such as particle size, surface modifications, and ROS-triggered release to selectively target the distal ileum and colon. A dual strategy that combines a deeper understanding of IBD pathophysiology to identify inflammation-related therapeutic targets with advanced drug delivery systems may offer significant promise. For instance, pairing NET inhibition with ROS-responsive nanocarriers could enhance treatment efficacy, though further research is needed. This synergistic approach has the potential to greatly improve outcomes for IBD patients.

Background: Diet significantly impacts the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diet offers unique opportunities for treatment and preventative purposes. However, despite growing interest, no diet has been conclusively associated with improved long-term clinical and endoscopic outcomes in IBD, and evidence-based dietary guidelines for IBD remain scarce. This narrative review critically examines dietary assessment methods tailored to the unique needs of IBD, highlighting opportunities for precision and inclusivity. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review using search terms related to diet, diet assessment, nutrition, food, sex, gender, equity, and IBD. Results: The identified dietary assessment tools evaluated nutritional quality, dietary patterns, food processing, lifestyle interactions, inflammatory potential, and effects of specific nutrients. Advanced methods, including biomarkers, multi-omics approaches, and digital tools, were highlighted as being complementary to traditional approaches, offering enhanced precision and real-time monitoring. Women remain under-represented in dietary research but face unique nutritional needs due to hormonal cycles, pregnancy, and higher malnutrition risks in IBD. Discussion: Traditional diet assessment methods remain valuable but are often limited by misreporting biases. Advanced approaches may provide greater precision, enabling real-time monitoring and personalised dietary tracking. Incorporating considerations of sex, gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic, and sustainability enhances the relevance and applicability of these methods. Addressing these multifaceted aspects of dietary assessment in IBD can facilitate robust interventional trials. Conclusions: Diet assessment tools are essential for developing personalised dietary interventions in IBD, informing evidence-based guidelines, and improving health outcomes and quality of life in IBD.

The Copenhagen Hospital Biobank-chronic inflammatory disease—inflammatory bowel disease (CHB-CID: IBD) cohort contributes to genetic research in inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Of the 327,084 enrolled and genotyped individuals in the cohort, 10,626 have been diagnosed with IBD as of May 2023. The CHB-CID: IBD cohort includes both patients without IBD and healthy blood donors as control groups. Clinical data is collected from Danish registries and patient records, including details on hospital contacts, co-morbidities, medication, surgical procedures, and laboratory investigations. The cohort features a wide age range (> 18 years), extensive population coverage representative of Danish adults, and validated IBD diagnoses. Finally, the cohort benefits from continuous recruitment and regular updates of clinical information. The aim is to enhance IBD management and ultimately improve patients’ quality of life.