Introduction and aim. Prunus laurocerasus L. is a perennial plant belonging to the Rosaceae family and is grown on the shores of the Black Sea Region. In the current study, the effect of P. laurocerasus fruits was investigated in the ulcer model created by the application of indomethacin to rats. Material and methods. Rats divided into five groups: fruit water extract (200 mg/kg), fruit ethanol-water extract (200 mg/kg), lansoprazole agent (LAN, 25 mg/kg), and indomethacin (IND, 25 mg/kg). All administrations were given to animals by oral gavage. At the end of the experiment, macroscopic and biochemical measurements were made in rats. Results. The lipid peroxidation was quite high in rat stomach tissues given IND. The applied LAN and extracts reduced this increase to almost a healthy rate. On the other hand, the amount of glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were found very low in IND applied tissues. The LAN and fruit extracts treatments tried to show their protective feature by increasing this decreased antioxidant level in their own groups. Conclusion. The data obtained determined that both enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant markers measured in fruit extracts had a protective effect almost as strong as lansoprazole.

Chronic Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation has been associated with various cardiovascular alterations, including disruptions in antioxidant defense mechanisms, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of green tea extract (GTE) in mitigating these adverse effects. A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were used in this study and divided into the control group (n = 8), Chronic-REM Sleep Deprivation (CRSD) Group (n = 8) and Chronic-REM SD + Green Tea 200 (CRSD + GTE200) Group (n = 8). After 21 days, a comprehensive analysis of paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase (ARE), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NOx), proinflammatory cytokines, and lipid profiles in aortic tissue, heart tissue, and serum was conducted in a sleep-deprived rat model. Chronic REM sleep deprivation led to a significant reduction in PON1 and ARE levels in aortic (p = 0.046, p = 0.035 respectively) and heart tissues (p = 0.020, p = 0.019 respectively), indicative of compromised antioxidant defenses. MDA levels increased, and NOx levels decreased, suggesting oxidative stress and impaired vascular function. Lipid profile alterations, including increased triglycerides and total cholesterol, were observed in serum. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) further indicated an inflammatory response (p = 0.007, p = 0.018 respectively). GTE administration demonstrated a protective role, restoring antioxidant enzyme levels, suppressing lipid peroxidation, and improving NOx levels. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of GTE in alleviating the cardiovascular impairments of chronic REM sleep deprivation, emphasizing its candidacy for further clinical exploration as a natural intervention in sleep-related disorders and associated cardiovascular risks.

Objective: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have become widespread in many fields, including medical education. This study aims to examine the reliability of widely used generative AI programs, such as Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini and OpenAI ChatGPT, by evaluating the accuracy of first- and second-year medical students' responses to anatomy questions on mid-term board, final and make-up exams. Methodology: Total 286 anatomy questions from the 2023-2024 academic year, 222 with analysis reports were included in the study. The difficulty levels of the questions were divided into four groups (very difficult, difficult, medium, easy) based on students' correct answer rates. The same questions were then posed to three AI applications. The data were analyzed by SPSS-version 27. Results: According to the findings, Copilot, ChatGPT and Gemini achieved significantly higher accuracy compared to students, with 97.7% accuracy, 94.4% accuracy and 86.5% accuracy, respectively. However, Gemini and ChatGPT remained similar to students, particularly on very challenging questions. Gemini did not perform as well on questions requiring basic knowledge (first year) as on questions requiring clinical interpretation (second year). Conclusion: While the study found that AI applications provide higher accuracy compared to students, systems that fail to achieve 100% accuracy are not suitable for unrestricted and unsupervised use in critical basic medical sciences like anatomy. Because AI models lack clinical reasoning and human experience, they should be used only as supplementary educational tools and integrated in a controlled manner to enhance student success.

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining both physical and cognitive functions, directly influencing academic performance among university students. This study aimed to determine the level of sleep quality and its associated personal and academic variables among students enrolled in the Faculties of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences at Giresun University. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2025 among 315 students selected through stratified sampling from a population of 850. Data were collected via an online questionnaire including sociodemographic, academic, and sleep-related variables, as well as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The sample size was calculated assuming a 50% prevalence, a 95% confidence level, a 5% margin of error, and an additional 15% to compensate for nonresponse. Statistical analyses included correlation tests and logistic regression. Results: Among participants, 56.8% strongly agreed and 31.4% agreed that their sleep pattern affects academic performance. According to the PSQI cut-off (> 5), 255 participants (80.9%) had poor sleep quality, while 60 (19.1%) had good sleep quality. A weak positive correlation was found between sleep duration on the exam day and most recent exam grade ( r = 0.122, p = 0.030). GPA showed a weak positive correlation with sleep duration on the exam day ( r = 0.166, p = 0.003), though not with total PSQI score. Dentistry students had significantly higher odds of poor sleep quality compared with both midwifery/nursing and medical students in multivariable analysis. Each additional hour of study on the exam day increased the odds of PSQI based poor sleep quality by 10% (OR = 1.10, p = 0.045). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality was prevalent among health-related faculty students and was significantly associated with study habits. Interventions that promote effective study planning, adequate rest, and awareness of sleep hygiene are essential to improve academic performance and overall well-being, as well as to prepare students for future professional demands involving shift work and on-call duties.

Objective: We aimed to investigate Hypericum Perforatum (St. John's Wort Oil) and pure olive oil with respect to their effect on preventing intra-abdominal adhesions after abdominal surgery.Methods: This was an animal study carried out by the Giresun Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery between August 10, 2020, and September 10, 2020. In the study, intra-abdominal adhesion development was examined macroscopically and microscopically on the 14th day after experimental abdominal surgery in three groups [(i) Control, (ii) olive oil application, (iii) St. John's Wort oil application] each consisting of 7 female Wistar Albino rats. Majuzi classification and Zuhlke's microscopic adhesion classification was used to evaluate adhesions.Results: Macroscopically, fibrous bands were not observed in 1 rat in the control group, 2 rats in olive oil recipients, and 1 rat in St. John's Wort oil recipients. A significant difference between the groups was identified in terms of Zuhlke's microscopic adhesion scores (p = 0.026). Accordingly, the adhesion level was significantly reduced in olive oil recipients compared to controls (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in terms of adhesion between all groups (p>0.05). The Majuzi adhesion classifications in the control group, olive oil group and St. John's wort groups were also similar (p = 0.308).Conclusion: In rats who underwent abdominal surgery, it was determined that intra-abdominal olive oil application reduced the level of adhesion, while St. John's Wort oil application had no effect on adhesion formation.

It is very important to try to learn Anatomy within its unique methodology and develop personalized strategies. One of the most important goals of a practitioner who graduates from medical school is to become a specialist physician. For this purpose, different specialization exams are held in different countries. Questions from the Anatomy course have a very important weight in the Medical Specialization Examination (TUS) held in Türkiye. In this article, we evaluate the specialty exam according to current anatomy education literature by revealing the question styles from an anatomist’s perspective in order to learn anatomy more efficiently and develop strategies for tricky points. We analyzed 396 valid Anatomy questions asked in TUS between 2006 and 2021. Among all the questions; According to the systematic anatomy classification, neuroanatomy (35.1%, n = 139) and according to the topographic anatomy classification, head and neck anatomy (41.4%, n = 164) were the subjects where the most frequently asked questions. In recent years, it has become an important trend that clinical anatomy knowledge (p < 0.01) is at the forefront in all exams and that questions with eponyms and visual content (p = 0.044) are included in the exam. We accept that the Anatomy question styles in TUS are created with a method that is up-to-date and in accordance with the literature and requirements.