Natural resources are limited and uncontrolled exploitation can have negative effects on the environment. It is necessary to find approach of their sustainable use. Sustainable development is the framework for defining strategies of continuous state and social progress, without harm to the environment and natural resources essential for human activities in the future. Model that regulates sustainable use considers strategies and legal regulations for exploitation of natural resources and energy. Goal is to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources at national and global level. Sustainable use of natural resources is directly related to environmental protection. Also, the preservation of the working and living environment is related to the degree of economic development and the level of education of the population about the importance of a healthy environment and the way of its preservation. Accelerated technological development leads to an improvement in the quality of life in all spheres of human activity, but in parallel, it creates the possibility of greater environmental degradation. Therefore, it is necessary, within the goals of the development policy of the society, to include the correct criteria that will contribute to sustainable development. Thus, we contribute to preserving the environment and balance of natural ecosystems.

During mechanical activation, qualitative changes that can produce various phenomena occur in the material. In this study, anhydrous sodium carbonate was mechanically activated for 2, 7, 14, and 28 minutes in a vibro mill at a frequency of 3000 oscillations per minute. After activation, four series of activated samples were stored in the air at room conditions for 31 days (relaxation period). To monitor the kinetics of the transformation process of activated sodium carbonate samples, i.e. the mechanism of sodium bicarbonate formation during relaxation, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis was used. FTIR testing was performed as a function of relaxation time for all four series of samples, with characteristic groups observed: CO32-, HCO3- and OH-. The obtained results provided kinetics parameters for the transformation of sodium carbonate into sodium bicarbonate due to the chemisorption of moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

This study presents investigations of zeolitic tuff samples from the ?Igros- -Vidojevici? deposit. The aim of the research was to determine the quality of samples taken from all deposit parts. Thus, samples were taken from the footwall (?Zeolit 1?), and four samples from the central deposit part (?Zeolit 2?, ?Zeolit 3?, ?Zeolit 4? and ?Zeolit 5?). Characterization of the samples included chemical analysis, determination of the adsorption coefficient for methylene blue dye and cation-exchange capacity (CEC), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA and TGA), and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR). Results have shown that the footwall consists mostly of clays, whereas zeolite minerals dominate in the rest of the deposit. XRD analysis of the ?Zeolit 1? sample confirmed presence of smectite and kaolinite clays, while zeolite of analcime type and quartz are present as smaller fractions. Chemical composition analysis and determination of heavy metal contents showed a significant amount (7.58%) of Fe2O3 in this sample. Therefore, further research can be pursued to find a method for removal of magnetic impurities in this deposit portion in order to utilize the clay fraction. On the other hand, according to XRD, FTIR, DTA/TGA and SEM/EDS analyses, samples which belong to the central deposit part (?Zeolit 2?5?) consist of clinoptilolite zeolite type, while clays are present in less than 10%. Thus, clays (smectites and kaolinite) accompanied with analcime and quartz are the most abundant footwall minerals while central deposit parts contain predominantly clinoptilolite accompanied with small amounts of clays. Mineragenetically, zeolites are most abundant in the ?Zeolit 2? and ?Zeolit 3? samples. The smallest value of CEC was determined for the ?Zeolit 1? sample (46.98 mmol/100g). According to CEC values determined for ?Zeolit 2? and ?Zeolit 3? (141.99 and 121.01 mmol/100 g, respectively) these samples are of the best quality, and could be utilized as adsorbents of inorganic pollutants from contaminated waters. Moreover, they could be potentially used for removal of mycotoxins from cattle feed. ?Zeolit 4? and ?Zeolit 5? samples have shown slightly lower CEC values (89.48 and 83.75 mmol/100 g, respectively), which implies lower quality, and, therefore, could be used for soil quality improvement. Finally, determination of the external CEC has revealed a significant difference between ?Zeolit 1? and ?Zeolit 5? samples (17.9 and 5.31 mmol/100 g, respectively).

This review article surveys the subject of choice of high gradient magnetic separation processes for removal of Fe₂O₃ carriers from quartz raw material by electromagnetic separator with magnetic field intensity of 1.4 T.

The number of pistons in axial piston pumps plays a significant role in determining the performance characteristics of the pump. While increasing the number of pistons can improve capacity, stability, and flow, it also requires careful consideration of design complexity and operational efficiency. The optimal number of pistons will depend on the specific requirements of the application and the trade-offs that can be effectively managed. With multiple pistons operating together, the resulting pressure profile is smoother, reducing fluctuations that can affect system performance. This is crucial in applications where stable pressure is necessary, as it can improve the reliability and efficiency of the hydraulic system. Each piston contributes to the total displacement, resulting in an increase in flow rate. However, this must be balanced against the potential for increased internal friction and the complexity that can arise from multiple moving parts. The effect of the number of pistons on vibration and operating balance is another important factor. A well-balanced multi-piston pump can minimize pulsations and vibrations, resulting in smoother operation. This is essential for applications where excessive vibrations can lead to wear or system instability. To perform fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) on the measured signals, each signal was sampled at 4096 points per revolution (cycle). With five measured signals (four pressures and one vibration), this resulted in a total of (4 + 1) × 4096 = 20,480 data points per revolution and 204,800 data points for 10 consecutive revolutions.

The textile industry is a significant global water consumer, generating wastewater laden with pollutants such as dyes, organic compounds, detergents, and heavy metals. The safe disposal and treatment of these effluents are critical to mitigating severe environmental threats, including pollution of water bodies and health risks to humans and aquatic life. This paper reviews various methods for treating textile wastewater, focusing on the ecological and regulatory demands for sustainable water management. Traditional treatment approaches, often insufficient, have driven the exploration of advanced and integrated wastewater treatment technologies. Key methods include physical, chemical, and biological treatments, alongside emerging techniques like membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). AOPs, particularly, off er high efficiency in removing non-biodegradable organic pollutants, making them a promising solution for the textile industry. This comprehensive review underscores the need for innovative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly treatment strategies to ensure sustainable operations and compliance with environmental standards.