Although the research has demonstrated that outcome expectations influence physical activity, the precise underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Therefore, this study employed a cross-sectional research design to investigate the effect of outcome expectations on physical activity and to examine the roles of body appreciation and health status. A total of 1349 participants (M_age = 19.42, SD = 1.51; 410 males, 939 females) were recruited for this study and the data were analyzed using a combination of path analysis and network analysis. The results reveal that outcome expectations positively predict physical activity. Body appreciation mediated the relationship between outcome expectation and physical activity. Furthermore, health status moderated the relationship between body appreciation and physical activity. Specifically, body appreciation did not influence physical activity for individuals with a low health status. Network analysis further revealed that there were more edges between body appreciation and physical activity in the high health status group compared to the low health status group. For individuals with a high health status, BA1 and PA1 exhibited the strongest connection among all the edges between body appreciation and physical activity. Outcome expectations play a significant role in physical activity, with body appreciation acting as a mediator. Health status moderates the effect of body appreciation on physical activity, suggesting that interventions targeting body appreciation may be more effective for individuals with a better health status. These findings offer insights for tailored physical activity interventions.

The present study examines the moderated mediation model of resilience and meaning in life (MIL) within the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) framework. A sample of 971 Chinese college students (mean age = 19.95; 69.5% female) completed measures of consideration of future consequences (CFCs), resilience, MIL, and perceived stress. The results supported the hypothesized model: CFCs negatively predicted perceived stress, and this relationship was partially mediated by resilience. MIL moderated the association between CFCs and perceived stress, with the search for meaning subdimension amplifying the negative relationship. In contrast, the presence of meaning did not exhibit a significant moderating effect. High levels of CFCs were significantly linked to lower perceived stress when the level of search for meaning was high. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay of cognitive and motivational factors in stress management, underscoring the potential of fostering resilience and meaning-seeking behaviors to promote well-being among college students.

Humor has emerged as a vital component of human life, significantly influencing individuals’ well-being. This study aims to explore the effect of sense of humor on individuals’ subjective well-being and the mediating roles of perspective-taking and emotional intelligence. A total of 1007 Chinese participants (M_age = 23.79, SD = 7.95) were recruited. The results showed that sense of humor, as well as the four dimensions of humor, positively affects individuals’ subjective well-being. Perspective-taking and emotional intelligence play roles as chain mediators between humor and subjective well-being. Moreover, the direct effects of sense of humor, attitude towards humor, humor production, and coping humor on subjective well-being are significant. However, the direct effect of humor appreciation on subjective well-being is not significant. Altogether, this study demonstrates how sense of humor, perspective-taking, and emotional intelligence contributes to subjective well-being.

As social media and artificial intelligence (AI) become increasingly embedded in university students’ learning and daily lives, fatigue arising from established digital platforms and anxiety surrounding emerging AI may constitute interrelated forms of technology-related distress. However, how these experiences are jointly associated with depressive symptoms, and whether these associations vary by subjective socioeconomic status (SSES), remains insufficiently understood. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and research on status maintenance, this cross-sectional study examined AI anxiety as a statistical mediator of the association between social media fatigue and depressive symptoms and further tested whether SSES moderated the association between AI anxiety and depressive symptoms. Survey data from 1108 Chinese university students were analyzed using regression models with heteroscedasticity-consistent type 3 (HC3) robust standard errors and percentile-bootstrap confidence intervals. Social media fatigue was positively associated with AI anxiety, which in turn was positively associated with depressive symptoms, yielding a significant statistical indirect association. As SSES increased, the association between AI anxiety and depressive symptoms became stronger, and the corresponding conditional indirect association also increased. Overall, these findings suggest that understanding university students’ digital mental health requires attention to both distress arising across different technological environments and the subjective social positions from which these experiences are evaluated, offering a more context-sensitive perspective on how established and emerging forms of digital stress may be jointly associated with psychological well-being.

Using a sample of Chinese junior high school students (N = 1133), this study examined the latent heterogeneity and structural characteristics of mobile phone addiction risk. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify subgroups with varying levels of risk. Network analysis was then used to model the relationships among smartphone addiction, materialism, and childhood neglect and compare structural differences across subgroups. Finally, five machine learning models were applied to model smartphone addiction scores and compare model performance across different combinations of variables. Results revealed three distinct risk groups of smartphone addiction. Network analysis indicated that loneliness-related nodes exhibited the highest expected influence in the overall network. Across latent profiles, childhood neglect-related nodes consistently occupied central positions, whereas materialism-related nodes showed relatively stable centrality. Network comparison tests further demonstrated significant structural differences across risk groups. In addition, incorporating latent profile information and centrality indices improved model performance, suggesting that these features capture individual differences in smartphone addiction. These findings provide structural evidence for the heterogeneity of mobile phone addiction risk and offer implications for subgroup-specific intervention strategies.