In this article the potential variation in biochemical constituents of peanut plant leaves affect by presoaking peanut seeds in copper oxide nanoparticles suspension has been studied and compared with its bulk counterpart. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis shows the most prominent peaks at ∼2923 cm−1, ∼1636 cm−1 and ∼1033 cm−1, which correspond to lipids, protein and carbohydrate content in leaf samples respectively. The calculated mean ratio of the peak intensities for various frequency regions and total band area calculation for various band regions explain the variation in lipid, protein and carbohydrate content of leaf samples. Further the FTIR spectra were processed by de-convolution and curve fitting to quantitatively examine the chemical contents and structure changing of the secondary structure of protein. The calculated integrated band area of β – sheet, β – turn and α – helix secondary structure of protein varies to greater extent in all samples compared to control. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been carried out to explain the total variance in secondary structure of protein content in peanut plant leaves. Principal component 1 (PC1) accounts for 63.50% variation in secondary structure of protein whereas principal component 2 (PC2) accounts for 29.56%. The application of nanoparticles via presoaking method implies potential variation in biochemical constituents but doesn't affect the growth of plants considerably

The interaction of metal oxide nanoparticles with plants has not been extensively studied. An attempt has been made to examine the potential variation in peanut plant leaves due to the application of Fe2O3 nanoparticle by pre-sowing technique and to compare with its bulk counterpart. Fe2O3 nanoparticle was synthesized by chemical route and characterized using X-ray diffraction, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. The Fe2O3 nanoparticle and its bulk counterpart are applied to the peanut seeds by pre-soaking method at two different concentrations: 500 and 4000ppm. A total of three replicates were chosen for each morphological and physiological measurement (at an average of three plants per replica). The Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis shows the most prominent peaks at 2923 and 1636cm−1, and other peaks vary due to Fe2O3 stress, which was confirmed by the calculated mean ratio of the peak intensities for various frequency regions. All leaf samples show considerable increase in glycoprotein, with 500ppm bulk and 4000ppm nano-Fe2O3 samples exhibiting a maximum increase of 73.86% and 71.45%, respectively. The total amide I and II protein content of leaf sample soaked in 500ppm bulk Fe2O3 suspension decreased to a greater extent compared with other leaf samples. The leaf samples soaked in 500ppm concentration of both bulk and nano-Fe2O3 suspension exhibited lower lipid content with total band area of 76.97±0.832 and 76.31±0.468, respectively. The cumulative percentage of explained variance in secondary structure of protein of all leaf samples is 83.888% in which factor 1 accounts for 51.870% and factor 2 accounts for 32.018% of the total data variance. The principal component (PC) loadings plot for the spectral range 1600–1700cm−1 clearly shows that the PC1 factor might establish the maximum variation of the secondary structure of protein in leaf samples

5-Amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (AMB), non-functionalized nickel oxide (n-NiO), and functionalized nickel oxide (f-NiO) nanoparticles were studied for antibacterial and antifungal activities, where the functionalization of nickel oxide nanoparticles was carried out by AMB. The particle sizes of synthesized n-NiO and f-NiO nanoparticles were measured to be 16.07 and 20.86 nm, respectively. The XRD results of n-NiO and f-NiO nanoparticles were in perfect match with the diffraction pattern of NiO published in the JCPDS File No. 89-5881, which indicates that there is no effect on the crystal structure due to functionalization. FT-IR spectral studies show that f-NiO nanoparticles effectively bind with AMB by azomethine nitrogen. Furthermore, HR-SEM and EDAX results confirm the surface morphology and functionalization, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of AMB, n-NiO, and f-NiO nanoparticles dispersed in water was investigated. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the antifungal activity was evaluated against the fungi Aspergillus niger by using the agar well-diffusion method. The f-NiO nanoparticles exhibit excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities compared with n-NiO nanoparticles and AMB. The increased effect of f-NiO nanoparticles might be due to enhanced dispersibility and interaction of NiO nanoparticles with membrane and intracellular proteins of bacteria and fungi