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Prof. Pier Paolo Rossi
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Seismic analysis, design, and retrofitting of steel or reinforced concrete buildings
0 Seismic design of bridges
0 Numerical modeling of steel and reinforced concrete members
0 Seismic behavior of in-plan and in-elevation irregular buildings
0 Strength verification/design of reinforced concrete members subjected to combined axial force

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Bending moment and shear force
Seismic design of bridges

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Research article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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In the recent past, several research studies have highlighted that the prescriptions reported in codes for the design of structures with concentric braces in the chevron configuration are often not effective in preventing yielding or buckling of non-dissipative members and in ensuring collapse mechanisms characterised by uniform damage of braces. To investigate the reasons of these deficiencies, in this paper the seismic response of concentrically braced structures designed according to procedures reported in the literature and in the European seismic code is first examined. Then, a new design procedure is proposed, in which the innovative aspects are mainly related to the estimation of the bending moments in columns and to the formulation of requirements on the stiffness of braced beams and columns. The impact of the proposed procedure on the structural costs is computed on a large number of buildings characterised by different occupancy types and geometric properties. The seismic performance of these structures is evaluated by incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis and discussed at the achievement of the significant damage and near-collapse limit states.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Proposal and validation of a design procedure for concentrically braced frames in the chevron configuration. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2021, 50, 3041 -3063.

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Proposal and validation of a design procedure for concentrically braced frames in the chevron configuration. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2021; 50 (11):3041-3063.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2021. "Proposal and validation of a design procedure for concentrically braced frames in the chevron configuration." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 50, no. 11: 3041-3063.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Engineering Structures
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The paper investigates the seismic performance and the cost of case-study buildings embedding different braced steel structures, namely concentrically braced frames, eccentrically braced frames with short or long links, braced frames with buckling restrained braces or double-stage yield buckling restrained braces and dual systems consisting of braced frames with buckling restrained braces and moment-resisting frames with semi-rigid connections. The structures are designed by means of the design prescriptions of Eurocode 8, when available, or according to design procedures proposed by the authors in the framework of the Eurocodes. The seismic response of the structures is determined by incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis considering the effects of the variability of the dynamic properties of the seismic input and the variability of the mechanical properties of steel. The seismic performance is assessed in accordance with Eurocode 8 prescriptions. The results are used to compute the fragility curves of the case-study structures and the mean annual frequency of exceedance of the damage limitation, significant damage and near collapse limit states based on the hazard model proposed in Eurocode 8.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic performance and cost comparative analysis of steel braced frames designed in the framework of EC8. Engineering Structures 2021, 240, 112379 .

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic performance and cost comparative analysis of steel braced frames designed in the framework of EC8. Engineering Structures. 2021; 240 ():112379.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2021. "Seismic performance and cost comparative analysis of steel braced frames designed in the framework of EC8." Engineering Structures 240, no. : 112379.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2020 in Engineering Structures
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In research studies focusing on the evaluation of the fragility function of buildings, numerical analyses are almost always carried out using a single suite of accelerograms, which is scaled in intensity to simulate earthquakes of different magnitude. Therefore, such numerical analyses usually neglect the effects of the variation of important seismological characteristics, e.g. the shape of the pseudo-acceleration response spectrum, on the structural response. To evaluate the impact of the variation of the elastic response spectrum shape with the selected earthquake return period on the mean annual frequency of exceedance of assigned limit state functions, the response of a large set of systems is determined in this paper by two different methods of analysis. In the first method of analysis, a multiple stripe analysis is carried out with accelerograms characterised by median response spectrum shape and ground motion duration variable with the earthquake intensity measure. The information pertaining the probabilistic description of the acceleration spectra has been obtained from the website of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology for the Italian territory, whereas the one regarding the earthquake duration has been derived from semi-empirical relationships reported in the literature. In the second method of analysis, instead, the accelerograms are characterized by median response spectrum shape and ground motion duration invariable with the intensity measure. Finally, to evaluate the influence of the scattering of the spectral responses about their mean value, a third analysis is carried out by means of a set of artificial accelerograms with response spectra that are characterized by virtually zero standard deviation and spectrum shape and ground motion duration invariable with the magnitude of the earthquake. To increase the relevance of the results, the investigated systems include single-degree-of–freedom systems with degrading or non-degrading inelastic response and reinforced concrete and steel multi-degree of freedom systems.

ACS Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; E.M. Marino; P.P. Rossi. Variable vs. invariable elastic response spectrum shapes: impact on the mean annual frequency of exceedance of limit states. Engineering Structures 2020, 214, 110620 .

AMA Style

F. Barbagallo, M. Bosco, E.M. Marino, P.P. Rossi. Variable vs. invariable elastic response spectrum shapes: impact on the mean annual frequency of exceedance of limit states. Engineering Structures. 2020; 214 ():110620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; E.M. Marino; P.P. Rossi. 2020. "Variable vs. invariable elastic response spectrum shapes: impact on the mean annual frequency of exceedance of limit states." Engineering Structures 214, no. : 110620.

Original research
Published: 30 September 2019 in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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The development of an accurate numerical model plays a key role for the proper assessment of structures. To this end, fibre modelling is widely considered as one of the most rigorous tool for an accurate evaluation of the seismic response of RC framed buildings. However, it has been noted that the interaction between fibre modelled RC beams and the rigid diaphragm adopted to simulate the concrete slab, typical of RC buildings, may cause the development of unintended fictitious axial forces in beams. These axial forces may lead to an overestimation of the resisting bending moment of beams cross section, thus altering the distribution of yielding in the structural members and the collapse mechanism. The goal of this paper is to overcome this drawback by introducing at one end of each beam a simple additional element, named axial buffer element. This element allows the axial deformation of the beam, prevents the development of fictitious axial force and does not invalidate the transmission of shear force and bending moment. The paper investigates the influence of the presence/lack of the axial buffer element on the seismic response of a set of RC buildings representative of real structures. For this purpose, incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis and nonlinear static analysis were conducted.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. On the fibre modelling of beams in RC framed buildings with rigid diaphragm. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2019, 18, 189 -210.

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. On the fibre modelling of beams in RC framed buildings with rigid diaphragm. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2019; 18 (1):189-210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2019. "On the fibre modelling of beams in RC framed buildings with rigid diaphragm." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 1: 189-210.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2019 in Journal of Constructional Steel Research
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In the past, the use of Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) in buildings with braced structure has been proposed to overcome the drawback of steel Concentrically Braced Frames (CBF) caused by the low dissipative cyclic behaviour of conventional buckling braces. The structure is conceived so that a few braced frames resist the entire seismic force and all the other frames sustain gravity loads only. According to the design practice adopted in European countries, all the beam-to-column connections are usually perfectly pinned. The use of these connections leads to low-redundant systems, which tend to form soft storey collapse mechanisms. The concentration of drift demand precludes the full exploitation of the deformation capacity of all the BRBs of the frame and partially reduces the benefit that may derive from these devices. A more effective structural system may be obtained by coupling frames with BRBs with frames with semi-rigid connections. In fact, the frame with semi-rigid connections provides a residual lateral stiffness after yielding of BRBs and thus promotes a more uniform distribution of the drift demand along the height of the building. This paper investigates the seismic performance of dual steel systems with BRBs and semi-rigid connections. A set of frames is designed considering several values of the behaviour factor and the response of the obtained frames is determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis. Then, the behaviour factor that allows the frames to meet the performance objectives of Eurocode 8 is determined. The seismic performance of the frames is assessed in terms of ductility demand-to-capacity ratio of dissipative members, in terms of strength demand-to-capacity ratio of non-dissipative members, and residual drifts.

ACS Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; E.M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic design and performance of dual structures with BRBs and semi-rigid connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2019, 158, 306 -316.

AMA Style

F. Barbagallo, M. Bosco, E.M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic design and performance of dual structures with BRBs and semi-rigid connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2019; 158 ():306-316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; E.M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2019. "Seismic design and performance of dual structures with BRBs and semi-rigid connections." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 158, no. : 306-316.

Research article
Published: 12 March 2019 in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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Numerous research studies have proved that numerical models aiming at an accurate evaluation of the seismic response of RC framed buildings cannot ignore the inelastic behaviour of infills and the interaction between infill and frame elements. To limit the high computational burden of refined non‐linear finite element models, in the latest decades, many researchers have developed simplified infill models by means of single or multiple strut‐elements. These models are low time‐consuming and thus adequate for static and dynamic analyses of multi‐storey structures. However, their simulation of the seismic response is sometimes unsatisfying, particularly in the presence of infill walls with regular or (particularly) irregular distributions of openings. This paper presents a new 2D plane macro‐element, which provides a refined simulation of the non‐linear cyclic response of infilled framed structures at the expense of a limited computational cost. The macro‐element consists of an articulated quadrilateral panel, a single 1D diagonal link, and eight 2D links and is able to model the shear and flexural behaviour of the infill and the non‐linear flexural/sliding interaction between infill and surrounding frame. The proposed macro‐element has been implemented into the open source software OpenSees and used to simulate the response of single‐storey, single‐span RC infilled frame prototypes tested by other authors. The above prototypes are selected as made of different masonry units and characterised by full or open geometric configuration.

ACS Style

Bartolomeo Pantò; Pier Paolo Rossi; Bartolome Pantò. A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2019, 48, 792 -817.

AMA Style

Bartolomeo Pantò, Pier Paolo Rossi, Bartolome Pantò. A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2019; 48 (7):792-817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bartolomeo Pantò; Pier Paolo Rossi; Bartolome Pantò. 2019. "A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 48, no. 7: 792-817.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2019 in Engineering Structures
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The steel Concentric Braced Frame (CBF) is a popular structural type for buildings in seismic areas. In fact, it can conveniently provide the building with large strength and stiffness. Furthermore, the simplicity of fabrication that derives from the use of shear connections between beams and columns appeals to structural designers. Unfortunately, the dissipation capacity of steel braces is limited and the structural type is low redundant and thus prone to storey collapse mechanisms. To improve the seismic performance of the CBF double-stage BRBs (DYBs) could be used instead of conventional steel braces. The DYB exhibits high dissipative and stable cyclic response and, if inserted into a steel frame, promote the spread of damage owing to the shape of its hysteresis loop. Despite its qualities, in literature there are no design methods that allow its use. Hence, in this paper, a design method for steel frames with DYBs is formulated in compliance with the principles of the European seismic code. The behaviour factor q is calibrated to meet the performance objectives of Eurocode 8. The calibration is performed by nonlinear dynamic analysis conducted with OpenSees on 75 frames with different features. The numerical model is calibrated on the results of the experimental tests performed by Pan and his co-workers at Tsinghua University in Beijing (China). The deduced results confirm the effectiveness of the frame with DYBs, which can be designed with q values greater than those used for traditional steel braced frames.

ACS Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; E.M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Achieving a more effective concentric braced frame by the double-stage yield BRB. Engineering Structures 2019, 186, 484 -497.

AMA Style

F. Barbagallo, M. Bosco, E.M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Achieving a more effective concentric braced frame by the double-stage yield BRB. Engineering Structures. 2019; 186 ():484-497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; E.M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2019. "Achieving a more effective concentric braced frame by the double-stage yield BRB." Engineering Structures 186, no. : 484-497.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2019 in The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal
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Background:Structural members subjected to strong earthquakes undergo stiffness and strength degradation. To predict accurately the seismic behaviour of structures, nonlinear static methods of analysis have been developed in scientific literature. Generally, nonlinear static methods perform the pushover analysis by applying a monotonic lateral load. However, every earthquake input is characterized by several repeated loads with reverse in signs and the strength and deformation capacities of structures are generally related to the cumulative damage. This aspect is neglected by the conventional monotonic approaches, which tend to overestimate the strength and stiffness of structural members.Objective:This paper aims to investigate the possibility that the Cyclic Pushover Analysis (CPA) may be used as a tool to assess the seismic behaviour of structures. During the CPA, the structure is subjected to a distribution of horizontal forces that is reversed in sign when predefined peak displacements of the reference node are attained. This process repeats in cycles previously determined in a loading protocol.Methods:To investigate the effectiveness of the CPA in predicting the structural response, a steel moment resisting frame is designed as a case study building. A numerical model of this frame is developed in OpenSees. To examine the influence of the loading protocols on the seismic response, the CPA is run following the ATC-24 and the SAC protocols. Additionally, the seismic demand of the case study frame is determined by a Monotonic Pushover Analysis (MPA) and by Incremental nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (IDA).Results and Conclusions:The following results are obtained:• Despite the differences between the SAC and the ATC-24 loading protocols, the CPA applied according to those two protocols led to almost the same structural response of the case study frame.• The CPA showed the capability of catching the stiffness and strength degradation, which is otherwise neglected by the MPA. In fact, given a base shear or peak ground acceleration, the CPA leads to the estimation of larger displacement demands compared to the MPA.• During long (or medium) duration earthquakes, the CPA was necessary to estimate accurately the response of the structure. In fact, at a PGA equal to 1 g, the CPA estimated the top displacement demand with an error lower than 10%, while the MPA underestimated it by 18%.• The importance of considering the cyclic deterioration is shown at local level by the damage indexes of the frame. In the case of long earthquakes, given a top displacement of 600 mm (corresponding to a PGA equal to 1 g), the CPA estimated the damage indexes with an error equal to 12%.

ACS Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; A. Ghersi; E.M. Marino; P.P. Rossi. Seismic Assessment of Steel MRFs by Cyclic Pushover Analysis. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 2019, 13, 12 -26.

AMA Style

F. Barbagallo, M. Bosco, A. Ghersi, E.M. Marino, P.P. Rossi. Seismic Assessment of Steel MRFs by Cyclic Pushover Analysis. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal. 2019; 13 (1):12-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Barbagallo; M. Bosco; A. Ghersi; E.M. Marino; P.P. Rossi. 2019. "Seismic Assessment of Steel MRFs by Cyclic Pushover Analysis." The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, no. 1: 12-26.

Research article
Published: 02 September 2018 in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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The paper describes a design procedure for a special type of chevron braced frame endowed with ties between the upper ends of the braces of adjacent storeys. Unlike conventional or suspended zipper braced frames, the braces on one side of the braced span—along with the adjacent columns and ties—are part of a vertical truss system that is hinged at the base and designed to remain elastic until the near collapse limit state has been reached. The braces on the other side of the braced span consist of buckling‐restrained braces and are designed to provide energy dissipation. The design procedure stems from a design method proposed in the past for rocking eccentrically braced structures and applies capacity design principles. The accuracy of the procedure is proved by means of nonlinear dynamic analysis of multistorey systems with different geometric and mechanical properties. To highlight further the qualities of the examined type and evaluate the cost‐effective range of application, a comparison is made with other braced types in terms of cost of structural steel and seismic performance.

ACS Style

Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. A design procedure for pin-supported rocking buckling-restrained braced frames. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2018, 47, 2840 -2863.

AMA Style

Melina Bosco, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. A design procedure for pin-supported rocking buckling-restrained braced frames. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2018; 47 (14):2840-2863.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2018. "A design procedure for pin-supported rocking buckling-restrained braced frames." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 47, no. 14: 2840-2863.

Research article
Published: 21 August 2018 in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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A design procedure for seismic retrofitting of concentrically and eccentrically braced frame buildings is proposed and validated in this paper. Rocking walls are added to the existing system to ensure an almost uniform distribution of the interstorey displacement in elevation. To achieve direct and efficient control over the seismic performance, the design procedure is founded on the displacement‐based approach and makes use of overdamped elastic response spectra. The top displacement capacity of the building is evaluated based on a rigid lateral deformed configuration of the structure and on the ductility capacity of the dissipative members of the braced frames. The equivalent viscous damping ratio of the braced structure with rocking walls is calculated based on semi‐empirical relationships specifically calibrated in this paper for concentrically and eccentrically braced frames. If the equivalent viscous damping ratio of the structure is lower than the required equivalent viscous damping ratio, viscous dampers are added and arranged between the rocking walls and adjacent reaction columns. The design internal forces of the rocking walls are evaluated considering the contributions of more than one mode of vibration. The proposed design procedure is applied to a large set of archetype braced frame buildings and its effectiveness verified by nonlinear dynamic analysis.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic retrofitting of braced frame buildings by RC rocking walls and viscous dampers. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2018, 47, 2682 -2707.

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic retrofitting of braced frame buildings by RC rocking walls and viscous dampers. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2018; 47 (13):2682-2707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2018. "Seismic retrofitting of braced frame buildings by RC rocking walls and viscous dampers." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 47, no. 13: 2682-2707.

Review
Published: 14 May 2018 in Sustainability
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Most European cities are characterized by very large areas, often formed by buildings of low quality, from a series of perspectives (architectural, technological, materials, technical systems, etc.). The possibility of renovating them is strategic to improve both the quality of life and to the possibility of economic recovery for building companies. In the last decades, the attention of the scientific community has been addressed to the energy renovation, thanks to the strong activities of the European Community in this field. However, since a relevant part of the EC territory is at risk of earthquake, the possibility to combine both energy and seismic renovation actions may be strategic for many countries. In particular, Italy and Romania are linked by a common social tradition that springs from the Roman Empire. Nowadays, this link is stronger, thanks to common interests in social, cultural and business fields. Therefore, the investigation of possible synergies for seismic and energy renovation strategies may be really interesting for both countries. In this paper, after an overview of regulations and common practices for buildings with reinforced concrete structures, in both states, some key combined renovation interventions will be described and discussed, as well as advantages and perspectives of integrated renovation approaches. The outcomes of this work are to show the way to transform existing energy-consuming and seismic-prone buildings into energy-efficient and seismic-resistant ones.

ACS Style

Emil-Sever Georgescu; Mihaela Stela Georgescu; Zina Macri; Edoardo Michele Marino; Giuseppe Margani; Vasile Meita; Radu Pana; Santi Maria Cascone; Horia Petran; Pier Paolo Rossi; Vincenzo Sapienza; Marius Voica. Seismic and Energy Renovation: A Review of the Code Requirements and Solutions in Italy and Romania. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1561 .

AMA Style

Emil-Sever Georgescu, Mihaela Stela Georgescu, Zina Macri, Edoardo Michele Marino, Giuseppe Margani, Vasile Meita, Radu Pana, Santi Maria Cascone, Horia Petran, Pier Paolo Rossi, Vincenzo Sapienza, Marius Voica. Seismic and Energy Renovation: A Review of the Code Requirements and Solutions in Italy and Romania. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1561.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emil-Sever Georgescu; Mihaela Stela Georgescu; Zina Macri; Edoardo Michele Marino; Giuseppe Margani; Vasile Meita; Radu Pana; Santi Maria Cascone; Horia Petran; Pier Paolo Rossi; Vincenzo Sapienza; Marius Voica. 2018. "Seismic and Energy Renovation: A Review of the Code Requirements and Solutions in Italy and Romania." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1561.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Key Engineering Materials
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The use of BRBs into a typical European building with braced structure, whereby all the beam-to-column connections are perfectly pinned, may be low effective. In fact, these structures are low-redundant and prone to develop soft story collapse mechanisms. The concentration of drift demand in few stories precludes the full exploitation of the deformation capacity of all the BRBs inserted into the frame, and it partially reduces the benefit they can provide. A more effective structural system may be obtained by coupling frames with BRBs with frames with semi-rigid connections. This paper proposes a design procedure for this dual system and presents the calibration of the behavior factor. To this end, a set of frames is designed considering several values of behavior factor and the response of the obtained frames is determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis. Hence, the behavior factor that allows the frames to meet the performance objective requirement of EuroCode 8 is determined.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo Michele Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Behavior Factor of Dual Systems with BRBs and Semi-Rigid Connections. Key Engineering Materials 2018, 763, 949 -956.

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Edoardo Michele Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Behavior Factor of Dual Systems with BRBs and Semi-Rigid Connections. Key Engineering Materials. 2018; 763 ():949-956.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo Michele Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2018. "Behavior Factor of Dual Systems with BRBs and Semi-Rigid Connections." Key Engineering Materials 763, no. : 949-956.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Key Engineering Materials
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A design procedure for seismic retrofitting of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) by rocking walls and viscous dampers is proposed. The design procedure is founded on the displacement-based approach. The top displacement capacity of the building is evaluated based on the displacement ductility capacity of links and on a rigid lateral deformed configuration of the structure promoted by the rocking walls. The equivalent viscous damping ratio capacity of the EBFs with rocking walls is calculated by semi-empirical relationships specifically calibrated for EBFs with links characterized by mechanical length lower than 2.0. Additional damping is provided by linear viscous dampers. The design internal forces of the rocking walls are evaluated based on the seismic effects of more than one mode of vibration. The effectiveness of the design procedure is verified by means of a case study.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Edoardo Michele Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic Retrofitting of Eccentrically Braced Frames by Rocking Walls and Viscous Dampers. Key Engineering Materials 2018, 763, 1105 -1112.

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Aurelio Ghersi, Edoardo Michele Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Seismic Retrofitting of Eccentrically Braced Frames by Rocking Walls and Viscous Dampers. Key Engineering Materials. 2018; 763 ():1105-1112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Edoardo Michele Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2018. "Seismic Retrofitting of Eccentrically Braced Frames by Rocking Walls and Viscous Dampers." Key Engineering Materials 763, no. : 1105-1112.

Article
Published: 13 September 2017 in ce/papers
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The model proposed by Menegotto and Pinto [1] is widely used to simulate the dynamic response of steel structures and steel bars of reinforced concrete structures. In 1983, Filippou et al. [2] highlighted a flaw in the original formulation of this material model. They observed that, if partial unloading takes place at strains lower than the maximum recorded value, the reloading path provides forces that are higher than those expected. Filippou et al. deemed that such errors were not particularly significant for reinforced concrete members and did not propose any modification to the analytical formulation of the model. More recently, some authors have independently investigated this issue and highlighted that the above-mentioned flaw may affect the prediction of the seismic response of steel structures. Thus, some modifications have been proposed [3–5] and implemented in OpenSees computer program. In this study, the seismic response of a steel moment resisting frame and that of a braced frame are analysed by nonlinear dynamic analysis by means of the OpenSees program. For each structure, the stress–strain relationship of steel is separately modelled by means of the original formulation of the model by Menegotto and Pinto and by the modified versions proposed by Zsarnóczay and Budaházy [3], Kolozvari et al. [4] and Bosco et al. [5]. The seismic response predicted by the considered models is compared. Attention is focused on the moment–curvature time-history at the ends of the members of the framed structure and on the axial force-axial deformation time-history of braces. Global response parameters are also considered in terms of the maximum storey drifts.

ACS Style

Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 11.23: Influence of the uniaxial material model of steel on the seismic response of steel structures. ce/papers 2017, 1, 3013 -3022.

AMA Style

Melina Bosco, Aurelio Ghersi, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. 11.23: Influence of the uniaxial material model of steel on the seismic response of steel structures. ce/papers. 2017; 1 (2-3):3013-3022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2017. "11.23: Influence of the uniaxial material model of steel on the seismic response of steel structures." ce/papers 1, no. 2-3: 3013-3022.

Article
Published: 13 September 2017 in ce/papers
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In this paper, a design procedure for seismic retrofitting of concentrically braced frames is proposed and validated. The reasons leading to the need of an enhancement of the seismic performance of these frames may be multiple. As an example, the expected response of concentrically braced buildings may not match the desired performance objectives because (1) the initial design of the structures was deficient or (2) the design performance objectives have changed in time due to an update of the seismic hazard map or to more demanding requirements of the owners of the building. In this paper, rocking walls are proposed to ensure an almost uniform distribution of the storey drifts along the height of the building. To achieve a direct and efficient control of the ultimate peak ground acceleration, the design procedure is founded on the displacement-based approach. The equivalent viscous damping ratio capacity of the concentrically braced structure with rocking walls is calculated based on semi-empirical relationships specifically calibrated for concentrically braced frames. Viscous dampers are added and arranged between the existing structure and the rocking walls. The design internal forces of the rocking walls are evaluated considering also the contributions of the higher modes of vibration. The proposed design procedure is applied to an eight-storey chevron braced frame and its effectiveness verified by incremental dynamic analysis.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 11.17: Seismic retrofitting of concentrically braced frames by rocking walls and viscous dampers. ce/papers 2017, 1, 2975 -2984.

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. 11.17: Seismic retrofitting of concentrically braced frames by rocking walls and viscous dampers. ce/papers. 2017; 1 (2-3):2975-2984.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2017. "11.17: Seismic retrofitting of concentrically braced frames by rocking walls and viscous dampers." ce/papers 1, no. 2-3: 2975-2984.

Article
Published: 13 September 2017 in ce/papers
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To counteract the tendency of chevron-braced structures to form soft storey mechanisms during earthquakes, some researchers have proposed the addition of zipper columns between brace locations at midspan of floor beams and the design of an elastic hat truss system. In this paper, the design procedure proposed by Yang et al. for suspended zipper braced frames is first slightly modified to conform to the design approach and capacity design rules stipulated in Eurocode 8 (EC8) for concentrically braced frames. The procedure is applied to a set of structures with different number of storeys and founded on either soft or rock soil and the structural response is analysed to highlight qualities and deficiencies of the above design procedure. Some improvements are then proposed to the design procedure proposed by Yang et al. to achieve a better seismic performance of the suspended zipper braced frames. Compared with this latter design procedure, the proposed procedure allows a more accurate evaluation of the internal forces – axial forces and bending moments – and a direct control of the inelastic response of chevron-braces of all storeys. The effectiveness of the design proposal is evaluated by incremental dynamic analysis on structures characterised by a different number of storeys and soil of foundation.

ACS Style

Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Giuseppe Quaceci; Pier Paolo Rossi. 11.46: The design of suspended zipper braced frames in the framework of eurocode 8. ce/papers 2017, 1, 3209 -3218.

AMA Style

Melina Bosco, Aurelio Ghersi, Giuseppe Quaceci, Pier Paolo Rossi. 11.46: The design of suspended zipper braced frames in the framework of eurocode 8. ce/papers. 2017; 1 (2-3):3209-3218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Giuseppe Quaceci; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2017. "11.46: The design of suspended zipper braced frames in the framework of eurocode 8." ce/papers 1, no. 2-3: 3209-3218.

Original research paper
Published: 23 May 2017 in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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The nonlinear static method of analysis has become the most popular tool for the seismic assessment of existing buildings. However, seismic codes do not allow its use for in-plan irregular buildings because it does not provide accurate predictions of the deck rotation. To overcome this limitation, the “corrective eccentricity method” evaluates the maximum seismic response as the envelope of the results of two nonlinear static analyses. In these analyses, the lateral force is applied with two different (corrective) eccentricities with respect to the centre of mass of the deck. The corrective eccentricities were calibrated on single-storey systems with unidirectional resisting elements, i.e. with elements that are representative of walls or braced frames. This paper proposes new corrective eccentricities aiming at generalizing and simplifying the previous corrective eccentricity method. In particular, new equations are defined for the corrective eccentricities devoted to predict the displacement demand on the stiff side of the building. These equations are defined based on the response of a set of single-storey systems representative of buildings with uni-directional or bi-directional resisting elements (e.g. moment resisting frames). Further, the displacement demand on the flexible side of the building is determined assuming a null eccentricity of the lateral force. The response of a set of multi-storey buildings is predicted by means of the new and original corrective eccentricities and compared to the maximum response obtained by nonlinear dynamic analysis. This comparison is made in terms of floor displacements, storey drifts and storey shears. The set of the examined structural systems comprises buildings with steel braced structure as well as buildings with r.c. framed structure.

ACS Style

Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. Generalized corrective eccentricities for nonlinear static analysis of buildings with framed or braced structure. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2017, 15, 4887 -4913.

AMA Style

Melina Bosco, Aurelio Ghersi, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. Generalized corrective eccentricities for nonlinear static analysis of buildings with framed or braced structure. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2017; 15 (11):4887-4913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melina Bosco; Aurelio Ghersi; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2017. "Generalized corrective eccentricities for nonlinear static analysis of buildings with framed or braced structure." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 15, no. 11: 4887-4913.

Article
Published: 20 March 2017 in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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In the recent past, suspended zipper-braced frames were proposed to avoid one-storey collapse mechanisms and dynamic instability under severe ground motions. In this paper, the design procedure suggested by Yang et al. is first slightly modified to conform to the design approach and capacity design rules stipulated in Eurocode 8 for concentrically braced frames. The procedure is applied to a set of suspended zipper-braced frames with different number of storeys and founded on either soft or rock soil. The structural response of these frames is analysed to highlight qualities and deficiencies and to assess the critics reported by other researchers with regard to the design procedure by Yang et al. Then, improvements are proposed to this procedure to enhance the energy dissipation of the chevron braces and the response of the structural system as well. The effectiveness of the design proposals is evaluated by incremental dynamic analysis on structures with different geometric properties, gravity loads and soil of foundation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Pier Paolo Rossi; Giuseppe Quaceci. A design procedure for suspended zipper-braced frames in the framework of Eurocode 8. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Pier Paolo Rossi, Giuseppe Quaceci. A design procedure for suspended zipper-braced frames in the framework of Eurocode 8. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pier Paolo Rossi; Giuseppe Quaceci. 2017. "A design procedure for suspended zipper-braced frames in the framework of Eurocode 8." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Engineering Structures
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ACS Style

Melina Bosco; E.M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. A design procedure for dual eccentrically braced-moment resisting frames in the framework of Eurocode 8. Engineering Structures 2017, 130, 198 -215.

AMA Style

Melina Bosco, E.M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi. A design procedure for dual eccentrically braced-moment resisting frames in the framework of Eurocode 8. Engineering Structures. 2017; 130 ():198-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melina Bosco; E.M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi. 2017. "A design procedure for dual eccentrically braced-moment resisting frames in the framework of Eurocode 8." Engineering Structures 130, no. : 198-215.

Article
Published: 29 November 2016 in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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In the world, many existing buildings with RC framed structure were designed according to old seismic standards and present structural deficiencies. Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) can be effective for seismic upgrading of these structures, as pointed out by many studies. Nevertheless, Eurocode 8 (EC8) does not provide any rules for design of BRBs. This lack represents a big obstacle for application of this seismic upgrading technique in Europe. For this reason, a method for the design of seismic upgrading interventions by BRBs is proposed in this paper. The method is obtained as the best between two variants developed, investigated and compared in this paper. Based on a numerical investigation, the parameters that control the design method are calibrated to ensure the fulfillment of the Near Collapse performance objective stipulated in EC8. Finally, the capability of the proposed design method in fulfilling also performance objectives not explicitly considered in design is investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi; Paola R. Stramondo. A multi-performance design method for seismic upgrading of existing RC frames by BRBs. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2016, 46, 1099 -1119.

AMA Style

Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Edoardo M. Marino, Pier Paolo Rossi, Paola R. Stramondo. A multi-performance design method for seismic upgrading of existing RC frames by BRBs. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2016; 46 (7):1099-1119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Barbagallo; Melina Bosco; Edoardo M. Marino; Pier Paolo Rossi; Paola R. Stramondo. 2016. "A multi-performance design method for seismic upgrading of existing RC frames by BRBs." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 46, no. 7: 1099-1119.