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Yanju Liu
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Level-1, Advanced Technology Centre (ATC Building), Ring Road, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Adsorption is a promising technology for removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water system. In this study, magnetically separable mesoporous polymeric beads (NiZnFe4O4[email protected]) were synthesised for efficient removal of methylene blue (MB, cationic dye) under broad solution pH (from pH 3.41 to pH 8.43). Alginate biopolymer were used to stabilize halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and nickel zinc iron oxide nanoparticles (NiZnFe4O4 < 100 nm). NiZnFe4O4 was incorporated onto the polymer beads to generate the adsorbents' magnetic properties and catalytic degradability. The adsorbent (NiZnFe4O4[email protected]) have higher surface area (122.43 m2/g), suitable mesoporosity (~6.68 nm), larger pore volume (0.11 cm3/g), and abundance of active sites, enabling high adsorption capacity (264 mg/g) of MB. The abundance of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and siloxane groups enabled cationic dye sorption through ionic interaction. The removal efficiency of MB was ~99% under a wide solution pH range from 10 mg/L of MB, in which the adsorbent dose was 2 g/L. Both Langmuir (R2 = 0.99; p < 0.001) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.99; p < 0.001) isotherm models fitted well, whereas trends of kinetics model fitting are pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.99) > intraparticle diffusion (R2 = 0.93) > pseudo-first-order (R2 = 0.87). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping demonstrated that MB has a co-distribution with silicon, aluminium, and alginate carbon phase but is limited with iron and nickel, indicating HNTs and alginate polymer performed as sorption sites, whereas NiZnFe4O4 performed as a catalyst. The presence (post-sorption) and absence (pre-sorption) of inorganic, total carbon or total organic carbon content at different solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration of MB demonstrated that the adsorbent act as a catalyst as well for degradation of MB. NiZnFe4O4[email protected] triggers efficient removal of MB with the assist of adsorption and catalytic degradation at broad solution pH. A comparison in removal of MB by various adsorbents including, biochars, clays, activated carbon, nanoparticles, polymers, nano composites, graphene oxides, carbon nanotubes, and polymer beads with the result of this study were performed, illustrating competitive sorption capacity of NiZnFe4O4[email protected]

ACS Style

Masud Hassan; Amal Kanti Deb; Fangjie Qi; Yanju Liu; Jianhua Du; Adam Fahy; Ariful Ahsan; Sanjai J. Parikh; Ravi Naidu. Magnetically separable mesoporous alginate polymer beads assist adequate removal of aqueous methylene blue over broad solution pH. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 319, 128694 .

AMA Style

Masud Hassan, Amal Kanti Deb, Fangjie Qi, Yanju Liu, Jianhua Du, Adam Fahy, Ariful Ahsan, Sanjai J. Parikh, Ravi Naidu. Magnetically separable mesoporous alginate polymer beads assist adequate removal of aqueous methylene blue over broad solution pH. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 319 ():128694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masud Hassan; Amal Kanti Deb; Fangjie Qi; Yanju Liu; Jianhua Du; Adam Fahy; Ariful Ahsan; Sanjai J. Parikh; Ravi Naidu. 2021. "Magnetically separable mesoporous alginate polymer beads assist adequate removal of aqueous methylene blue over broad solution pH." Journal of Cleaner Production 319, no. : 128694.

Research article
Published: 31 May 2021 in ACS Omega
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Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and ball-milled biochar (BC) incorporated biocompatible mesoporous adsorbents ([email protected]) were synthesized for adsorption of aqueous heavy-metal ions. [email protected] outperformed the BC, HNT, and [email protected] in removing cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). Mesoporous structure (∼7.19 to 7.56 nm) of [email protected] was developed containing an abundance of functional groups induced from encapsulated BC and tubular HNT, which allowed heavy metals to infiltrate and interact with the adsorbents. Siloxane groups from HNT, oxygen-containing functional groups from BC, and hydroxyl and carboxyl groups from alginate polymer play a significant role in the adsorption of heavy-metal ions. The removal percentage of heavy metals was recorded as Pb (∼99.97 to 99.05%) > Cu (∼95.01 to 90.53%) > Cd (∼92.5 to 55.25%) > Ni (∼80.85 to 50.6%), even in the presence of 0.01/0.001 M of CaCl2 and Na2SO4 as background electrolytes and charged organic molecule under an environmentally relevant concentration (200 μg/L). The maximum adsorption capacities of Ni, Cd, Cu, and Pb were calculated as 2.85 ± 0.08, 6.96 ± 0.31, 16.87 ± 1.50, and 26.49 ± 2.04 mg/g, respectively. [email protected] has fast sorption kinetics and maximum adsorption capacity within a short contact time (∼2 h). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping exhibited that adsorbed heavy metals co-distributed with Ca, Si, and Al. The reduction of surface area, pore volume, and pore area of HNT-BC[email protected] (after sorption of heavy metals) confirms that mesoporous surface (2–18 nm) supports diffusion, infiltration, and interaction. However, a lower range of mesoporous diameter of the adsorbent is more suitable for the adsorption of heavy-metal ions. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, demonstrating the monolayer formation of heavy-metal ions through both the physical sorption and chemical sorption, including pore filling, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction.

ACS Style

Masud Hassan; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Jianhua Du; Fangjie Qi; Scott W. Donne; Monirul Islam. Mesoporous Biopolymer Architecture Enhanced the Adsorption and Selectivity of Aqueous Heavy-Metal Ions. ACS Omega 2021, 6, 15316 -15331.

AMA Style

Masud Hassan, Yanju Liu, Ravi Naidu, Jianhua Du, Fangjie Qi, Scott W. Donne, Monirul Islam. Mesoporous Biopolymer Architecture Enhanced the Adsorption and Selectivity of Aqueous Heavy-Metal Ions. ACS Omega. 2021; 6 (23):15316-15331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masud Hassan; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Jianhua Du; Fangjie Qi; Scott W. Donne; Monirul Islam. 2021. "Mesoporous Biopolymer Architecture Enhanced the Adsorption and Selectivity of Aqueous Heavy-Metal Ions." ACS Omega 6, no. 23: 15316-15331.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Land
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The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial-temporal change and driving factors of green space in coastal cities of southeast China over the past 20 years. A supervised classification method combining support vector machines (SVMs) and visual interpretation was used to extract the green space from Landsat TM/OLI imageries from 2000–2020. The landscape pattern index was used to calculate geospatial information of green space and analyze their spatial-temporal changes. The hierarchical partitioning analysis was then used to determine the influences of anthropogenic and geographic environmental factors on the spatial-temporal changes in green space. The results indicated that the total area of green space remained constant over the past 20 years in coastal cities of southeast China (1% reduction). The spatial change of green space mainly occurred in the area near the ocean and the southern region. 41.37% of forest land was transferred from cultivated land, while 44.56%, 41.83%, 43.20%, 46.31%, 41.98% and 40.20% of shrub land, sparse woodland, other woodland, high-coverage grassland, moderate-coverage grassland and low-coverage grassland were transferred from forest land. The number of patches, patch density, edge density, landscape shape index and Shannon’s diversity index increased from 2000–2015, and then decreased to the minimum in 2020, while largest patch index continued to decline from 2000–2020. The contribution of anthropogenic factors (0.53–0.61) on the spatial-temporal changes of green space continually increased over the past 20 years, which was also higher than geographical environment factors (0.39–0.41). Our study provides a new perspective to distinguish the impact of anthropogenic activities and geographical environmental factors on the change of green space area, thereby providing a theoretical support for the construction and ecological management of green space.

ACS Style

Huayan Weng; Yongchao Gao; Xinyi Su; Xiaodong Yang; Fangyan Cheng; Renfeng Ma; Yanju Liu; Wen Zhang; Liwen Zheng. Spatial-Temporal Changes and Driving Force Analysis of Green Space in Coastal Cities of Southeast China over the Past 20 Years. Land 2021, 10, 537 .

AMA Style

Huayan Weng, Yongchao Gao, Xinyi Su, Xiaodong Yang, Fangyan Cheng, Renfeng Ma, Yanju Liu, Wen Zhang, Liwen Zheng. Spatial-Temporal Changes and Driving Force Analysis of Green Space in Coastal Cities of Southeast China over the Past 20 Years. Land. 2021; 10 (5):537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huayan Weng; Yongchao Gao; Xinyi Su; Xiaodong Yang; Fangyan Cheng; Renfeng Ma; Yanju Liu; Wen Zhang; Liwen Zheng. 2021. "Spatial-Temporal Changes and Driving Force Analysis of Green Space in Coastal Cities of Southeast China over the Past 20 Years." Land 10, no. 5: 537.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Environmental Research
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Blending waste biomass for co-pyrolysis is generally regarded as a promising method for reduced-volume, value-added, and hazard-free treatment of sewage sludge. Hence, a comparison was made of the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with rice husk and with bamboo sawdust (1:1, w/w) at 400 and 700 °C and the properties and behaviors of selected metals in the corresponding biochars. Biochar produced by co-pyrolysis with both biomass wastes had larger (5 × 5 rectangle) aromatic clusters than did the sewage sludge biochar (4 × 4 rectangle) using the rectangle-like model on the basis of biochar molar H/C ratio, indicating increased aromaticity of the co-pyrolyzed biochars. Moreover, the molar O/C ratio of the sewage sludge-bamboo biochar was much lower than that of the sewage sludge-husk biochar, especially after pyrolysis at 700 oC (0.02 vs 0.27), suggesting greater recalcitrance to ageing. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with husk invariably resulted in a higher percentage of metals studied in the residual fraction than co-pyrolysis with sawdust at the same temperature, leading to a lower risk index (14.2) because of the maximum metal encapsulation in the sewage sludge-husk biochar at 700 oC. Overall, co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with husk provided higher metal immobilization but apparently lower biochar stability than co-pyrolysis with sawdust. These results provide an alternatively practical strategy for the safe disposal of sewage sludge and biomass wastes.

ACS Style

Jin Zhang; Junwei Jin; Minyan Wang; Ravi Naidu; Yanju Liu; Yu Bon Man; Xinqiang Liang; Ming Hung Wong; Peter Christie; Yan Zhang; Chengfang Song; Shengdao Shan. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk/ bamboo sawdust for biochar with high aromaticity and low metal mobility. Environmental Research 2020, 191, 110034 .

AMA Style

Jin Zhang, Junwei Jin, Minyan Wang, Ravi Naidu, Yanju Liu, Yu Bon Man, Xinqiang Liang, Ming Hung Wong, Peter Christie, Yan Zhang, Chengfang Song, Shengdao Shan. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk/ bamboo sawdust for biochar with high aromaticity and low metal mobility. Environmental Research. 2020; 191 ():110034.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Zhang; Junwei Jin; Minyan Wang; Ravi Naidu; Yanju Liu; Yu Bon Man; Xinqiang Liang; Ming Hung Wong; Peter Christie; Yan Zhang; Chengfang Song; Shengdao Shan. 2020. "Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk/ bamboo sawdust for biochar with high aromaticity and low metal mobility." Environmental Research 191, no. : 110034.

Review
Published: 12 July 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Biochar is a porous, amorphous, stable, and low-density carbon material derived from the carbonization of various biological residues. Biochars have multifunctional properties that make them promising adsorbents for the remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water. High temperature treatment (HTT) and the properties of feedstocks are key factors influencing the properties of biochars. Feedstocks have distinctive physicochemical properties due to variations in elemental and structural composition, and they respond heterogeneously to specific pyrolysis conditions. The criteria for the selection of feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions for designing biochars for specific sorption properties are inadequately understood. We evaluated the influence of pyrolysis temperature on a wide range of feedstocks to investigate their effects on biochar properties. With increasing HTT, biochar pH, surface area, pore size, ash content, hydrophobicity and O/C vs. H/C (ratios that denote stability) increased, whereas, hydrophilicity, yield of biochar, O/C, and H/C decreased. Discriminant analysis of data from 533 published datasets revealed that biochar derived from hardwood (HBC) and softwood generally have greater surface area and carbon content, but lower content of oxygen and mineral constituents, than manure- (MBC) and grass-derived biochars (GBC). GBC and MBC have abundant oxygen-containing functional groups than SBC and HBC. The sequence of stability and aromaticity of feedstocks was MBC < GBC < SBC < HBC. Therefore, SBC and HBC are suitable for sorption of hydrophobic molecules. Biochars produced from low HTT are suitable for removal of ionic contaminants, whereas those produced at high HTT are suitable for removal of organic contaminants. The influences of biochar properties on sorption performance of heavy metals and organic contaminants are critically reviewed.

ACS Style

Masud Hassan; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Sanjai J. Parikh; Jianhua Du; Fangjie Qi; Ian R. Willett. Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 744, 140714 .

AMA Style

Masud Hassan, Yanju Liu, Ravi Naidu, Sanjai J. Parikh, Jianhua Du, Fangjie Qi, Ian R. Willett. Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 744 ():140714.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masud Hassan; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Sanjai J. Parikh; Jianhua Du; Fangjie Qi; Ian R. Willett. 2020. "Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis." Science of The Total Environment 744, no. : 140714.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2020 in Environmental Technology & Innovation
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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP), which poses potential toxicity to biotic and abiotic ecosystem. Adsorption of PFOS from soil and water has emerged as promising remediation practice due to low cost, high removal performance, low environmental impact, and recalcitrant to induce secondary contamination. In this study, red mud modified sawdust (RMSDN600) and unmodified sawdust (SDN600) were prepared for sorption of PFOS from aqueous solution. The presence of magnetites (Fe3O4), ferrihydrites, and desilicated minerals are identified in the RMSDN600 using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure). Sorption isotherm for RMSD600 and SDN600 showed close-fitting with Langmuir and Freundlich model demonstrated monolayer and multilayer sorption of PFOS over the active sites of the adsorbents. The potential formation of micelles and hemi-micelles can occur in interparticle porous biochars as the concentration of PFOS exceeds critical hemi-micelle concentration (4.57–45.7 mg/L). The kinetic study followed Pseudo-second-order model for both adsorbents, demonstrated both physisorption and chemisorption of PFOS. The results revealed the adsorption of PFOS was governed by both hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction, with hydrophobic interaction as the dominant sorption mechanism. The higher adsorption capacity for RMSDN600 (194.6 mg/g) was recorded than that for SDN600 (178.6 mg/g) at pH 3.1 due to the abundance of protonated metal-based functional groups, and more ordered graphitic carbon structure resulting from catalytic degradation and transformation of cellulose and hemicellulose. Aromatic structure can potentially enhance PFOS sorption by non-ionic interaction. In contrast, metal-based and other oxygen-containing functional groups of adsorbents enhance adsorption capacity through electrostatic interaction and ion exchange reactions. Lower solution pH and smaller particle size of the adsorbents could also enhance sorption of PFOS from aqueous phase.

ACS Style

Masud Hassan; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Jianhua Du; Fangjie Qi. Adsorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) onto metal oxides modified biochar. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2020, 19, 100816 .

AMA Style

Masud Hassan, Yanju Liu, Ravi Naidu, Jianhua Du, Fangjie Qi. Adsorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) onto metal oxides modified biochar. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2020; 19 ():100816.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masud Hassan; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Jianhua Du; Fangjie Qi. 2020. "Adsorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) onto metal oxides modified biochar." Environmental Technology & Innovation 19, no. : 100816.

Research article
Published: 19 December 2019 in ACS Applied Nano Materials
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Hollow porous silica nanospheres (HSNs) have unveiled as a potential carrier for pesticide delivery. However, HSNs mostly suffer from postsynthesis loading process of pesticides because of the tiny mesopores onto shell. To eradicate this disadvantage, it was hypothesized that developing a large through hole or pore opening on shells (>10 nm) could be effective for the postsynthesis loading of active molecules onto HSNs using a simple immersion method. We synthesized HSNs with a single large through hole or pore opening on shells (15.95 nm) in an earlier study, which was subsequently termed bowl-structured hollow porous silica nanospheres (BHSNs). In this study, the postsynthesis loading of a model pesticide, namely imidacloprid, onto BHSNs was evaluated via the simple immersion method. It was observed that the presence of a single large pore-opening on the shells of BHSNs facilitated loading of imidacloprid to the inner core or void space of BHSNs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that around 16% imidacloprid molecules were loaded to the BHSNs when acetone was used as a dispersing medium. It was evidenced by differences between weight losses patterns of imidacloprid loaded to BHSNs ([email protected]) from pure imidacloprid. Both adsorption and entrapment mechanisms were effective during loading. FTIR analysis showed that pesticide molecules were adsorbed on BHSNs via hydrogen bonding interaction. The controlled releasing profile of imidacloprid from BHSNs was observed in distilled water at room temperature, except an initial burst release of a small amount (<5%). The controlled release composed of a faster sustained release followed by a slower conditional release due to the deposited and adsorbed imidacloprid. The non-Fickian case II transport mechanism prevailed during transportation of imidacloprid to the release media from BHSNs. We anticipate that this study could provide an important avenue for advancing practical applications of BHSNs in pesticide delivery systems.

ACS Style

Nuruzzaman; Jiawei Ren; Yanju Liu; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Ho Kyong Shon; Ravi Naidu. Hollow Porous Silica Nanosphere with Single Large Pore Opening for Pesticide Loading and Delivery. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2019, 3, 105 -113.

AMA Style

Nuruzzaman, Jiawei Ren, Yanju Liu, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Ho Kyong Shon, Ravi Naidu. Hollow Porous Silica Nanosphere with Single Large Pore Opening for Pesticide Loading and Delivery. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2019; 3 (1):105-113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuruzzaman; Jiawei Ren; Yanju Liu; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Ho Kyong Shon; Ravi Naidu. 2019. "Hollow Porous Silica Nanosphere with Single Large Pore Opening for Pesticide Loading and Delivery." ACS Applied Nano Materials 3, no. 1: 105-113.

Review article
Published: 09 November 2019 in Environmental Science & Policy
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The production and use of Engineered Nanoparticles (ENPs) or materials containing ENPs has increased astonishingly, leading to increased exposure to workers and consumers. The invention and applications of new materials either create new opportunities or pose new risks and uncertainties. The uncertainties concerning application of ENPs are posing disturbances to the ecosystem and human health. This review first addresses in vitro and in vivo studies conducted on the toxicity of ENPs to animals and humans. Ethical justifications are provided specially with reference to Intergenerational Justice (IRG-J) and Ecological Justice (EC-J). The social benefits and burdens of ENPs are identified for present and future generations. Some mitigation approaches for combating the potential risks posed by ENPs are proposed. Finally, suggestions for the safe handling of ENPs in future are proposed in the review.

ACS Style

Abreham Tesfaye Besha; Yanju Liu; Dawit N. Bekele; Zhaomin Dong; Ravi Naidu; Gebru Neda Gebremariam. Sustainability and environmental ethics for the application of engineered nanoparticles. Environmental Science & Policy 2019, 103, 85 -98.

AMA Style

Abreham Tesfaye Besha, Yanju Liu, Dawit N. Bekele, Zhaomin Dong, Ravi Naidu, Gebru Neda Gebremariam. Sustainability and environmental ethics for the application of engineered nanoparticles. Environmental Science & Policy. 2019; 103 ():85-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abreham Tesfaye Besha; Yanju Liu; Dawit N. Bekele; Zhaomin Dong; Ravi Naidu; Gebru Neda Gebremariam. 2019. "Sustainability and environmental ethics for the application of engineered nanoparticles." Environmental Science & Policy 103, no. : 85-98.

Review
Published: 02 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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The utilisation of magnetic biosorbents (metal or metal nanoparticles impregnated onto biosorbents) has attracted increasing research attention due to their manipulable active sites, specific surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, easy separation, and reusability that are suitable for remediation of heavy metal(loid)s and organic contaminants. The properties of magnetic biosorbents (MB) depend on the raw biomass, properties of metal nanoparticles, modification/synthesis methods, and process parameters which influence the performance of removal efficiency of organic and inorganic contaminants. There is a lack of information regarding the development of tailored materials for particular contaminants and the influence of specific characteristics. This review focuses on the synthesis/modification methods, application, and recycling of magnetic biosorbents. In particular, the mechanisms and the effect of sorbents properties on the adsorption capacity. Ion exchanges, electrostatic interaction, precipitation, and complexation are the dominant sorption mechanisms for ionic contaminants whereas hydrophobic interaction, interparticle diffusion, partition, and hydrogen bonding are the dominant adsorption mechanisms for removal of organic contaminants by magnetic biosorbents. In generally, low pyrolysis temperatures are suitable for ionic contaminants separation, whereas high pyrolysis temperatures are suitable for organic contaminants removal. Additionally, magnetic properties of the biosorbents are positively correlated with the pyrolysis temperatures. Metal-based functional groups of MB can contribute to an ion exchange reaction which influences the adsorption capacity of ionic contaminants and catalytic degradation of non-persistent organic contaminants. Metal modified biosorbents can enhance adsorption capacity of anionic contaminants significantly as metal nanoparticles are not occupying positively charged active sites of the biosorbents. Magnetic biosorbents are promising adsorbents in comparison with other adsorbents including commercially available activated carbon, and thermally and chemically modified biochar in terms of their removal capacity, rapid and easy magnetic separation which allow multiple reuse to minimize remediation cost of organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater.

ACS Style

Masud Hassan; Ravi Naidu; Jianhua Du; Yanju Liu; Fangjie Qi. Critical review of magnetic biosorbents: Their preparation, application, and regeneration for wastewater treatment. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 702, 134893 .

AMA Style

Masud Hassan, Ravi Naidu, Jianhua Du, Yanju Liu, Fangjie Qi. Critical review of magnetic biosorbents: Their preparation, application, and regeneration for wastewater treatment. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 702 ():134893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masud Hassan; Ravi Naidu; Jianhua Du; Yanju Liu; Fangjie Qi. 2019. "Critical review of magnetic biosorbents: Their preparation, application, and regeneration for wastewater treatment." Science of The Total Environment 702, no. : 134893.

Articles
Published: 20 June 2019 in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
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Increasing concerns about the occurrence and toxicity of micropollutants (MPOs) have triggered more research and the need for stringent environmental regulations. These pollutants pose a serious challenge due to their low-level occurrence in which human and ecological receptors can suffer adverse effects. The lack of sufficient data on their fate and transport in the environment has hampered realistic ecological and human health risk assessments. The partition and transformation of MPOs in the environment are further complicated by the identification of various nanoparticles. In this review, the interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and MPOs present in the environment are summarized. In particular, the review focused on the sorption of MPOs by NPs which are largely influenced by the surface area of NPs, the presence of Natural Organic Matter (NOM), pH and ionic strength etc. A dominating interaction mechanism has been proposed although it is recognized that more in-depth research is required to understand the influences of NPs in a complex environmental matrix. Understanding the fate of MPOs influenced by NPs is important for risk assessment, given that NPs can transport MPOs; alter their toxicity, mobility, transformation and bioavailability. The review provides a state of knowledge and gaps to promote future research initiatives.

ACS Style

Abreham Tesfaye Besha; Yanju Liu; Cheng Fang; Dawit N. Bekele; Ravi Naidu. Assessing the interactions between micropollutants and nanoparticles in engineered and natural aquatic environments. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2019, 50, 135 -215.

AMA Style

Abreham Tesfaye Besha, Yanju Liu, Cheng Fang, Dawit N. Bekele, Ravi Naidu. Assessing the interactions between micropollutants and nanoparticles in engineered and natural aquatic environments. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 50 (2):135-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abreham Tesfaye Besha; Yanju Liu; Cheng Fang; Dawit N. Bekele; Ravi Naidu. 2019. "Assessing the interactions between micropollutants and nanoparticles in engineered and natural aquatic environments." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 50, no. 2: 135-215.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2019 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Red mud is a hazardous waste material produced during alkaline leaching of bauxite in the Bayer process. This study proposed the use of red mud to replace fly ash in self-compacting concrete (SCC) and the influences of red mud on fresh and hardened properties, and durability performances of SCC were studied. The fresh concrete results show that red mud had a slight negative impact on the fresh properties of SCC. The hardened concrete results show that the mechanical strength of concrete increased with increasing of red mud content. The half-cell potential test results indicated that red mud had a significant effect on restraining the corrosion process in SCC. Compared to the control sample, the red mud samples suffered less corrosion. Cracks associated with corrosion of reinforcement were observed in RMC0 and RMC100 samples after 28 day accelerated corrosion test. The ICP-MS results showed that there’s no significant difference in metal elements among the solutions regardless the red mud content in concrete.The relative corrosion rate test results suggested that red mud can suppress the corrosion current. The SCC samples consisting 75% red mud performed the best resistance to corrosion according to the results of half-cell potentials and mass loss of rebar.

ACS Style

W.C. Tang; Z. Wang; S.W. Donne; Marveh Forghani; Y. Liu. Influence of red mud on mechanical and durability performance of self-compacting concrete. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 379, 120802 .

AMA Style

W.C. Tang, Z. Wang, S.W. Donne, Marveh Forghani, Y. Liu. Influence of red mud on mechanical and durability performance of self-compacting concrete. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 379 ():120802.

Chicago/Turabian Style

W.C. Tang; Z. Wang; S.W. Donne; Marveh Forghani; Y. Liu. 2019. "Influence of red mud on mechanical and durability performance of self-compacting concrete." Journal of Hazardous Materials 379, no. : 120802.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2019 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is a major concern due to their widespread occurrence and adverse health outcomes. The possible binding of PFASs to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and nuclear receptors raises concerns that PFASs may impact cholesterol levels in human. In this study, the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were employed to address the temporal trend for PFAS concentrations in biomonitoring and associations between cholesterol levels and PFAS exposure. Compared to the PFAS levels in 2003–2004, the median perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) levels in human serum in 2013–2014 decreased from 3.7 to 1.8 ng/mL, 19.2–4.7 ng/mL, 1.7 ng/mL to 1.3 ng/mL and 0.8 ng/mL to 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. Also, an estimate of 1.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: 0.2 − 2.8) and 0.4 ± 0.2 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: 0.1 – 0.6) total cholesterol increases for unit PFOA and PFOS increase (ng/mL), respectively. By using hybrid approach, RfDs were estimated to be 2.0 ng PFOS/kg per day and 0.8 ng PFOA/kg per day. However, it should be cautious when using proposed RfDs based on data obtained from cross-sectional datasets, especially evidence based on data originating from experimental or animal studies is still controversial.

ACS Style

Zhaomin Dong; Hao Wang; Yan Yan Yu; Yu Biao Li; Ravi Naidu; Yanju Liu. Using 2003–2014 U.S. NHANES data to determine the associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cholesterol: Trend and implications. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 173, 461 -468.

AMA Style

Zhaomin Dong, Hao Wang, Yan Yan Yu, Yu Biao Li, Ravi Naidu, Yanju Liu. Using 2003–2014 U.S. NHANES data to determine the associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cholesterol: Trend and implications. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 173 ():461-468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhaomin Dong; Hao Wang; Yan Yan Yu; Yu Biao Li; Ravi Naidu; Yanju Liu. 2019. "Using 2003–2014 U.S. NHANES data to determine the associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cholesterol: Trend and implications." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 173, no. : 461-468.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Lead (Pb) contaminated soil is of particular concern for infants and children due to their susceptibility to exposure, fast metabolic rates and rapidly developing neuronal systems. Determining the bioaccessibility of Pb in soils is critical in human health risk assessments, which can vary due to different soil properties and sources of Pb contamination. In this study, the potential relationships between soil properties and Pb bioaccessibility from various Pb sources including Pb contamination from mining (specifically, Broken Hill), three shooting ranges, a smelter and two industry sites (pottery and battery), were investigated using the Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure (RBALP). We found the following: (1) CEC, TOC, sand and silt content, and total Pb were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two particle size fractions of < 2 mm and < 250 µm; (2) EC, CEC and total Pb were significantly correlated to Pb bioaccessibility (p < 0.05); and (3) soil analyses based on source of Pb demonstrated a strongly significant relationship between Pb bioaccessibility and soil properties (CEC, EC, clay content and total Pb) for mining soils from Broken Hill (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.05, n = 18). These results demonstrated the influences of Pb contamination sources, soil properties and particle size fractions on Pb bioaccessibility as well as the prediction of Pb bioaccessibility using soil properties. The findings documented here will help in developing a predictive tool for human health risk assessment and the remediation of Pb contaminated soils.

ACS Style

Kaihong Yan; Zhaomin Dong; M.A Ayanka Wijayawardena; Yanju Liu; Yubiao Li; Ravi Naidu. The source of lead determines the relationship between soil properties and lead bioaccessibility. Environmental Pollution 2018, 246, 53 -59.

AMA Style

Kaihong Yan, Zhaomin Dong, M.A Ayanka Wijayawardena, Yanju Liu, Yubiao Li, Ravi Naidu. The source of lead determines the relationship between soil properties and lead bioaccessibility. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 246 ():53-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaihong Yan; Zhaomin Dong; M.A Ayanka Wijayawardena; Yanju Liu; Yubiao Li; Ravi Naidu. 2018. "The source of lead determines the relationship between soil properties and lead bioaccessibility." Environmental Pollution 246, no. : 53-59.

Research article
Published: 23 October 2018 in Langmuir
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Hollow porous silica nanospheres (HSNs) are emerging classes of cutting-edge nanostructured materials. They have elicited much interest as carriers of active molecules delivery due to their amorphous chemical structure, non-toxic nature and biocompatibility. Structural development with hierarchical morphology is mostly required for obtaining the desired performance. In this context, large through-holes or pore openings on shells are desired so that the post-synthesis loading of active molecules HSNs via a simple immersion method can be facilitated. This study reports the synthesis of HSNs with large through-holes or pore openings on shells, which are subsequently termed bowl-structured hollow porous silica nanospheres (BHSNs). The synthesis of BHSNs was mediated by the core-shell interfaces of the core-shell-corona structured micelles obtained from a commercially available ABC triblock copolymer (polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-P2VP- PEO)). In this synthesis process, [email protected] composite structure was formed because of the deposition of silica (SiO2) on the micelles’ core. The P2VP block played the significant role in: firstly, hydrolysis and condensation of the silica precursor i.e. tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS); and secondly, maintaining the shell’s growth. The PS core of the micelles built the void spaces. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed a spherical hollow structure with an average particle size of 41.87 ± 3.28 nm. The average diameter of void spaces was 21.71 ± 1.22 nm and shell thickness was 10.17 ± 1.68 nm. According to the TEM image analysis the average large pore was determined as 15.95 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images further confirmed the presence of large single pores or openings in shells. These were formed due to the accumulated ethanol on PS core acting to prevent the growth of silica.

ACS Style

Nuruzzaman; Yanju Liu; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Ravi Naidu; Rajarathnam Dharmarajan; Ho Kyong Shon; Yun Chul Woo. Core–Shell Interface-Oriented Synthesis of Bowl-Structured Hollow Silica Nanospheres Using Self-Assembled ABC Triblock Copolymeric Micelles. Langmuir 2018, 34, 13584 -13596.

AMA Style

Nuruzzaman, Yanju Liu, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Ravi Naidu, Rajarathnam Dharmarajan, Ho Kyong Shon, Yun Chul Woo. Core–Shell Interface-Oriented Synthesis of Bowl-Structured Hollow Silica Nanospheres Using Self-Assembled ABC Triblock Copolymeric Micelles. Langmuir. 2018; 34 (45):13584-13596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuruzzaman; Yanju Liu; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Ravi Naidu; Rajarathnam Dharmarajan; Ho Kyong Shon; Yun Chul Woo. 2018. "Core–Shell Interface-Oriented Synthesis of Bowl-Structured Hollow Silica Nanospheres Using Self-Assembled ABC Triblock Copolymeric Micelles." Langmuir 34, no. 45: 13584-13596.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2018 in Chemosphere
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There is increasing concern about the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated timber due to the possible leaching of toxic metals or metalloids. CCA-treated timber waste are currently stockpiled across Australia with limited information about their risks to the environment or human health. In this study, the treatment and utilisation of CCA-treated timber waste as garden mulch, garden retaining walls, and soil additive were investigated. Iron materials were used as immobilising agents. The bioavailability of Cr, Cu and As to Spinacia oleracea from CCA-treated timber, before and after treatment, was determined in the context of human health risk assessment. The results showed that the iron-based treatments resulted in significant decreases in the concentrations of Cu and As in spinach grown in CCA-treated timber in soil. Analyses of CCA derived Cu and As in spinach showed that they accumulated in the roots rather than in the leaves. The risks of toxicity to humans varied for different utilisation scenarios and the immobilisation amendments were shown to reduce carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. The information obtained in this study can inform development of utilisation options for CCA-treated timber wastes.

ACS Style

Yanju Liu; Jianhua Du; Zhaomin Dong; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Yongchao Gao; Kaihong Yan; Ravi Naidu. Bioavailability and risk estimation of heavy metal(loid)s in chromated copper arsenate treated timber after remediation for utilisation as garden materials. Chemosphere 2018, 216, 757 -765.

AMA Style

Yanju Liu, Jianhua Du, Zhaomin Dong, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Yongchao Gao, Kaihong Yan, Ravi Naidu. Bioavailability and risk estimation of heavy metal(loid)s in chromated copper arsenate treated timber after remediation for utilisation as garden materials. Chemosphere. 2018; 216 ():757-765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanju Liu; Jianhua Du; Zhaomin Dong; Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Yongchao Gao; Kaihong Yan; Ravi Naidu. 2018. "Bioavailability and risk estimation of heavy metal(loid)s in chromated copper arsenate treated timber after remediation for utilisation as garden materials." Chemosphere 216, no. : 757-765.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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As a toxic metalloid element, arsenic (As) derived from human activities can pose hazardous risks to soil and water. The bioavailability of arsenic is influenced by its behavior, in particular its adsorption-desorption in the soil environment. The maximum adsorption amount (Qmax) calculated from Langmuir equation is an important parameter to estimate the adsorption capacity of adsorbents. However, the soil is a more complicated system compared with specific adsorbents. Thus, in this study, we tried to find a more reasonable parameter (Qmax*) to evaluate the adsorption capacity of soils. Eighteen Chinese soil samples with different pH were used for adsorption-desorption experiments. The maximum As(V) adsorption capacity calculated through Langmuir fitting for 18 samples were ranged from 50.25 (S13) to 312.50 (S4) mg kg−1. Besides, Qmax was highly related with soil pH. Using the difference value of adsorption amount and desorption amount to indicate the amount of non-electrostatic adsorption of As(V) onto soils, calculated the maximum adsorption amount of non-electrostatic adsorption (Qmax*). The average Qmax* of acidic and neutral soils was 162.18 mg kg−1 whereas that for alkaline soils it was only 79.52 mg kg−1. The result from multiple linear regression analysis showed Qmax* was strongly influenced by Feox and clay contents. Furthermore, hysteresis index (HI) in the As(V) desorption varied from 0.83 (S13) to 1.82 (S6). The results further indicated the risk of secondary pollution originating from the desorption process cannot be ignored.

ACS Style

Guannan Lu; Haixia Tian; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Ziquan Wang; Wenxiang He. Using Qmsax* to evaluate the reasonable As(V) adsorption on soils with different pH. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 160, 308 -315.

AMA Style

Guannan Lu, Haixia Tian, Yanju Liu, Ravi Naidu, Ziquan Wang, Wenxiang He. Using Qmsax* to evaluate the reasonable As(V) adsorption on soils with different pH. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 160 ():308-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guannan Lu; Haixia Tian; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Ziquan Wang; Wenxiang He. 2018. "Using Qmsax* to evaluate the reasonable As(V) adsorption on soils with different pH." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 160, no. : 308-315.

Evaluation study
Published: 06 July 2018 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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A new strain SWH-15 was successfully isolated after initial electrokinetic remediation experiment using the same saline soil sampled from Shengli Oilfield, China. Four methods (morphological and biochemical characteristics, whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and DNA G + C content and DNA–DNA hybridization analysis) were used to identify the taxonomic status of SWH-15 and confirmed that SWH-15 was a novel species of the Bacillus (B.) cereus group. Then, we assessed the degrading ability of the novel strain SWH-15 to crude oil through a microcosm experiment with four treatments, including control (CK), bioremediation using SWH-15 (Bio), electrokinetic remediation (EK), and combined bioremediation and electrokinetic remediation (Bio + EK). The results showed that the Bio + EK combined remediation treatment was more effective than the CK, Bio, and EK treatments in degrading crude oil contaminants. Bioaugmentation, by addition of the strain SWH-15 had synergistic effect with EK in Bio + EK treatment. Bacterial community analysis showed that electrokinetic remediation alone significantly altered the bacterial community of the saline soil. The addition of the strain SWH-15 alone had a weak effect on the bacterial community. However, the strain SWH-15 boosted the growth of other bacterial species in the metabolic network and weakened the impact of electrical field on the whole bacterial community structure in the Bio + EK treatment.

ACS Style

Yong-Chao Gao; Shu-Hai Guo; Jia-Ning Wang; Wen Zhang; Guan-Hong Chen; Hui Wang; Jianhua Du; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu. Novel Bacillus cereus strain from electrokinetically remediated saline soil towards the remediation of crude oil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 26351 -26360.

AMA Style

Yong-Chao Gao, Shu-Hai Guo, Jia-Ning Wang, Wen Zhang, Guan-Hong Chen, Hui Wang, Jianhua Du, Yanju Liu, Ravi Naidu. Novel Bacillus cereus strain from electrokinetically remediated saline soil towards the remediation of crude oil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (26):26351-26360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong-Chao Gao; Shu-Hai Guo; Jia-Ning Wang; Wen Zhang; Guan-Hong Chen; Hui Wang; Jianhua Du; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu. 2018. "Novel Bacillus cereus strain from electrokinetically remediated saline soil towards the remediation of crude oil." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 26: 26351-26360.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Red mud is a waste product from the production of alumina, it currently has limited industrial use. This study proposed to use red mud to partially replace fly ash (12.5, 25 and 50% by weight) in self-compacting concrete (SCC) and the influence of red mud on the fresh and hardened properties and microstructural behaviour of SCC were studied. Slump-flow, T500 and J-ring tests were carried out on fresh SCC mixtures. The hardened properties of red mud SCCs including compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus were studied. Moreover, the chemical composition and microstructural properties of red mud concrete samples were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The results show that the mechanical strength of concrete increased with increasing red mud content. SCC samples consisting 50% red mud performed the best for the compressive strength and elastic modulus. The results from microscopic studies indicated that there was a slight improvement in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between aggregate and cement paste for red mud concrete compared with control concrete. The XRD results indicated that the chemical composition of cement paste containing red mud showed higher sodium and iron contents. With increasing red mud content, some albite crystals appearing in triclinic shape were also identified by XRD.

ACS Style

W.C. Tang; Z. Wang; Yanju Liu; H.Z. Cui. Influence of red mud on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 178, 288 -300.

AMA Style

W.C. Tang, Z. Wang, Yanju Liu, H.Z. Cui. Influence of red mud on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 178 ():288-300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

W.C. Tang; Z. Wang; Yanju Liu; H.Z. Cui. 2018. "Influence of red mud on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete." Construction and Building Materials 178, no. : 288-300.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) is a global concern due to worldwide exposure and adverse effects, and the importance of incorporating bioavailability in the exposure assessment and risk assessment of As is increasing acknowledged. The bioavailability of As is impacted by a number of soil properties, such as pH, clay and metal concentrations. By retrieving 485 data from 32 publications, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between selected metals (Fe and Al) and As bioavailability. In present study, the bioaccessibility (BAC) data measured by in vitro approaches were converted into bioavailability data based on the previously determined relationship between BAC and bioavailability. The As relative bioavailability (RBA) was summarized to be 24.36 ± 18.49%, which is in the range previously reported. A significant association between Fe concentration and the bioavailability of As was observed while this association varied for different types of RBA data. This disparity may suggest a non-reliable association between Fe and As bioavailability. The correlations between logarithmically transformed total content of Fe + Al and As bioavailability is then outlined: RBA = (−8.40 ± 1.02) × Ln(Fe + Al) + (58.25 ± 4.09), R² = 0.25, p < 0.001, n = 212. Jackknife resampling was also applied to validate the relation between total content of (Fe + Al) and As bioavailability, which suggested that the relation is robust. This is the first pooled study to address the relations between selected metal concentrations and As bioavailability, which may provide some implications to establish soil properties-based RBA prediction for As.

ACS Style

Kaihong Yan; Ravi Naidu; Yanju Liu; Ayanka Wijayawardena; Luchun Duan; Zhaomin Dong. A Pooled Data Analysis to Determine the Relationship between Selected Metals and Arsenic Bioavailability in Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 888 .

AMA Style

Kaihong Yan, Ravi Naidu, Yanju Liu, Ayanka Wijayawardena, Luchun Duan, Zhaomin Dong. A Pooled Data Analysis to Determine the Relationship between Selected Metals and Arsenic Bioavailability in Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (5):888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaihong Yan; Ravi Naidu; Yanju Liu; Ayanka Wijayawardena; Luchun Duan; Zhaomin Dong. 2018. "A Pooled Data Analysis to Determine the Relationship between Selected Metals and Arsenic Bioavailability in Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 888.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Soil phosphatase, which plays an important role in phosphorus cycling, is strongly inhibited by Arsenic (As). However, the inhibition mechanism in kinetics is not adequately investigated. In this study, we investigated the kinetic characteristics of soil acid phosphatase (ACP) in 14 soils with varied properties, and also explored how kinetic properties of soil ACP changed with different spiked As concentrations. The results showed that the Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) values of soil ACP ranged from 1.18 to 3.77mM and 0.025-0.133mMh(-1) in uncontaminated soils. The kinetic parameters of soil ACP in different soils changed differently with As contamination. The Km remained unchanged and Vmax decreased with increase of As concentration in most acid and neutral soils, indicating a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism. However, in alkaline soils, the Km increased linearly and Vmax decreased with increase of As concentration, indicating a mixed inhibition mechanism that include competitive and noncompetitive. The competitive inhibition constant (Kic) and noncompetitive inhibition constant (Kiu) varied among soils and ranged from 0.38 to 3.65mM and 0.84-7.43mM respectively. The inhibitory effect of As on soil ACP was mostly affected by soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. Those factors influenced the combination of As with enzyme, which resulted in a difference of As toxicity to soil ACP. Catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of soil ACP was a sensitive kinetic parameter to assess the ecological risks of soil As contamination.

ACS Style

Ziquan Wang; Xiangping Tan; Guannan Lu; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Wenxiang He. Soil properties influence kinetics of soil acid phosphatase in response to arsenic toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 147, 266 -274.

AMA Style

Ziquan Wang, Xiangping Tan, Guannan Lu, Yanju Liu, Ravi Naidu, Wenxiang He. Soil properties influence kinetics of soil acid phosphatase in response to arsenic toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 147 ():266-274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ziquan Wang; Xiangping Tan; Guannan Lu; Yanju Liu; Ravi Naidu; Wenxiang He. 2018. "Soil properties influence kinetics of soil acid phosphatase in response to arsenic toxicity." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 147, no. : 266-274.