Thermal comfort is an important criterion affecting the comfort evaluation of public spaces in villages. However, related studies remain scarce because of the intricate climates of seafront villages. In this study, the effect of landscape elements on thermal comfort within public spaces in seafront villages was examined. The spatial gene method was employed to extract the layout characteristics of typical public spaces and identify villages with the most comprehensive spatial elements as simulation subjects to enhance our understanding. The Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) was selected to quantitatively assess the effect of landscape elements on thermal comfort. The analysis results revealed varying thermal mitigation capacities across different types of landscape elements. Plants, notably in plazas and courtyards, along with buildings on beaches, emerged as the most significant contributors to thermal comfort. Moreover, a diurnal variation in the influence of landscape elements on thermal comfort was observed, attributed to the unique climatic conditions of seafront villages. During daytime, structural elements exerted the most substantial effect on PET in public spaces, accounting for more than 60%, whereas their influence waned in the evening. In contrast, as the sea breeze intensified in the evening, the planting method contributed over 71% to PET.