Evaporative cooling is a sustainable and energy-efficient technology based on water evaporation to achieve cooling. It uses air (R-729) and water (R-718) as refrigerants, so its effect on global warming is limited. Recent research focuses development of porous heat exchanger surfaces to be used in evaporative cooling technology with intermittent water spray. However, non-porous surfaces were not investigated. Here, we present the possibility of implementing intermittent water spray in a non-porous indirect evaporative cooler. The experimental results show that it increases the cooling capacity when compared to the constant water spray for chosen outdoor air parameters (20–30 °C and 40–50% relative humidity). Also, the time after the outlet air temperature achieves minimum value (4–6 min) is presented for a certain non-porous heat exchanger. The maximum cooling capacity obtained without spraying is 25–64% higher than the cooling capacity in steady-state conditions under constant water spraying. The regression model approach is employed to describe the observation. The results introduce a new path in evaporative cooling technology development. They also create the possibility of improving the effectiveness of existing systems by modifying only the water system management, without any changes in construction or replacing the heat exchanger.

ELISA has become a standard analytical tool in the numerous branches of science and industry. Processing of the ELISA results may be a multistep process, often requiring a prior adaptation, using proprietary software, or exporting the results into external internet platforms. It may be problematic in the light of good documentation practices and maintaining good data integrity. In this paper, we present the development and application of the ELISA Tool software. The program is based on a Python scripting programming language and is available under an open-source license. The ELISA Tool allows users to fully control and validate the calculation procedure through a user-friendly graphical user interface. The modular architecture of the software allows its application in other information technology (IT) projects used for data processing in research laboratories. We successfully applied the ELISA Tool for the analysis of real-life samples. The ELISA Tool allowed import of the measurement data, an approximation of the calibration curves with two different algorithms, exploration and diagnostics of the model fit, and generation of the final report with the calculations while maintaining the raw data file unchanged. We report here for the first time the implementation of the idea of full control over data processing, from measured raw data to the final report. We obtained a transparent, open, registered system of data processing control, independent of third parties. The modular and flexible architecture of the created software encourages its further development following the individual demands of the users.

Despite advanced facilities and sophisticated control algorithm which are available in engineering practice, heating, ventilating and air conditioning system (HVAC) constantly works not properly in many buildings. Despite that control loop normally works without any faults, an air quality is often measured in non-representative way. Finding a reason of any defect in HVAC and efficiency assessment is a common task nowadays. Although new buildings are often monitored by building management system (BMS), the extensive analysis involves additional measurements. In this paper authors describe a developed from scratch, distributed measurement and visualization system, which consist of measuring devices with Ethernet connectivity and visualization software. Designed solution seeks to be scalable, flexible and user-friendly. Developed visualization system can operate with different external data sources. Visualization system performance was tested by connecting to heating plant and it usability was assessed. The results show that online visualization rationalizes maintaining of monitored system

Dewpoint indirect evaporative cooling (DIEC) offers an energy-efficient, eco-friendly alternative to conventional air conditioning by using water and air to lower temperatures. With the rising demand for sustainable cooling solutions—especially in regions facing water scarcity and high energy costs—optimizing these systems for real-world conditions is more important than ever. One major challenge is ensuring that DIEC systems perform well when water is supplied intermittently rather than continuously. In this review, we examine how intermittent water supply affects the cooling performance and overall efficiency of DIEC systems. We discuss recent studies that highlight the importance of key factors such as the properties of heat exchanger materials, design modifications, and control strategies. Our analysis reveals that while innovative materials like hydrophilic membranes and adaptive design features can improve performance, their widespread use is often limited by cost and scalability. We also point out critical research gaps, particularly in applying intermittent water spraying to non-porous heat exchangers. Overall, our findings underscore the need for integrated water management strategies in DIEC design. We advocate a cross-disciplinary approach—bridging fluid dynamics, material science, and environmental engineering—to develop more resilient and sustainable cooling technologies.