Background: Kounis syndrome (KS), also known as allergic myocardial infarction, presents in three variants. This condition is often underrecognized due to limited knowledge and its variable presentation. To address these limitations, the present review aims to describe the triggers, types, management, and patient outcomes of KS. Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed and Scopus were used to identify publications of clinical case reports; variables included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, triggers, treatments, and outcomes. Data from the articles´ abstracts were assessed by two corresponding authors, and subsequently, each case was analyzed by two coauthors, validated and analyzed with Stata 12. To categorize each Kounis type, mean and proportion comparison tests were performed, and measures of association were obtained using logistic regression and expressed as odds ratios. Results: A global distribution was identified, with predominance in the Northern Hemisphere. Type I KS was the most reported variant, and most of the patients were adult men. Most of the patients presented variability in the treatment and outcomes. Conclusions: KS may represent a diagnostic challenge, and underdiagnosis could explain the lack of uniformity in the diagnostic and assessment process. Our results highlight a need for improved approaches based on patient history for correct diagnosis and preventing recurring events.

Introduction: the prostate cancer it is the second cause of cancer most diagnosticated and the fifth cause of death in men; in 2019 Mexico reported a incidence of 52.3 cases and 19.4 deaths per 100 000 people respectively; it is estimated that the 70 % of the cases are diagnosticated at advanced stages. Objective: to explore the perception of barriers and facilitators for prostate cancer prevention in a group of Yucatecan men without social security. Material and methods: this qualitative study, conducted through focus groups, seeks to answer the question: What is needed to improve the timely diagnosis of prostate cancer in Yucatan, Mexico? Results: participants mentioned that they do not identify the risk factors for developing prostate cancer in themselves but perceive risks in other conditions such as diabetes. Conclusions: it is crucial to implement campaigns for the detection of prostate cancer with extramural activities, to ensure that the information reaches the potential population for these services and to incorporate experiences of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the detection campaigns. Rectal examination needs be destigmatized and other screening methods for early diagnosis of should be disseminated.

Intravesical migration of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is an uncommon complication that may lead to recurrent urinary tract infections, lower urinary tract symptoms, and bladder stone formation. Diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion and confirmation through imaging and cystoscopy. We present the case of a 33‐year‐old hypertensive woman with a history of two cesarean deliveries for preeclampsia who underwent IUD placement in 2016. She subsequently developed recurrent urinary tract infections. In 2024, hysteroscopic removal was attempted unsuccessfully. Computed tomography revealed a calcified “T‐shaped” image in the posterior right bladder wall. Open cystolithotomy was performed, achieving complete removal without complications, and the patient had a favorable postoperative course. Bladder migration of IUDs is rare and may occur years after insertion. Clinical presentation is often nonspecific, which can delay diagnosis. Imaging, including CT scan, and cystoscopy are essential for localization and surgical planning. Open cystolithotomy is a safe and effective approach in cases with large calculi. This case highlights the importance of considering intravesical IUD migration in women with persistent urinary tract symptoms and absence of the device in the uterine cavity. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management allow safe resolution and prevent major complications.

Porcelain gallbladder (PGB) has historically been considered a premalignant condition, although recent evidence questions the strength of its association with gallbladder carcinoma. Objective: To describe the occurrence and characteristics of malignancy in patients with porcelain gallbladder, as well as clinical, imaging, and surgical characteristics reported in clinal cases. Methods: A systematic review of case reports and case series (≤5 patients) was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Redalyc from database inception through March 2026. Individual patient data were extracted including demographic characteristics, imaging findings, calcification pattern, surgical management, histopathology, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Fifty-four individual cases of porcelain gallbladder were identified. Patients were predominantly female (70.4%), with ages ranging from 6 to 98 years. Complete calcification was reported in 85.2% of cases. Histopathological confirmation was available in 45 cases (83.3%). Thirteen patients had gallbladder carcinoma associated with porcelain gallbladder, corresponding to 28.9% of those with pathological examinations. Incomplete calcification showed higher frequency of malignancy compared with complete calcification. Mortality was reported in three patients (5.6%), all with malignant disease. Conclusions: The proportion of malignancy observed in published case reports reflects a selected dataset and should not be interpreted as an estimate of population risk. These findings provide descriptive insights into clinical presentations and management patterns, supporting hypothesis generation rather than risk estimation.