The present study aimed to investigate the recovery of soil quality and the bacterial and fungal communities following various recultivation methods in areas contaminated with oil. Oil spills are known to have severe impacts on ecosystems; thus, the restoration of contaminated soils has become a significant challenge nowadays. The study was conducted in the forest–tundra zone of the European North-East, where 39 soil samples from five oil-contaminated sites and reference sites were subjected to metagenomic analyses. The contaminated sites were treated with different biopreparations, and the recovery of soil quality and microbial communities were analyzed. The analysis of bacteria and fungi communities was carried out using 16S rDNA and ITS metabarcoding. It was found that 68% of bacterial OTUs and 64% of fungal OTUs were unique to the reference plot and not registered in any of the recultivated plots. However, the species diversity of recultivated sites was similar, with 50–80% of bacterial OTUs and 44–60% of fungal OTUs being common to all sites. New data obtained through soil metabarcoding confirm our earlier conclusions about the effectiveness of using biopreparations with indigenous oil-oxidizing micro-organisms also with mineral fertilizers, and herbaceous plant seeds for soil remediation. It is possible that the characteristics of microbial communities will be informative in the bioindication of soils reclaimed after oil pollution.

This study has investigated the influence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with partially acetylated surfaces on the formation, stability, rheology and biodegradability of the Pickering emulsion in a crude oil/water (co/w) system. In all investigated systems, it was observed that the CNC concentrations of 7 mg/mL led to the emulsions showing stability over time. It was also noticed that the increase in concentration of background electrolyte (NaCl) leds to the droplets of emulsions becoming smaller. It was demonstrated that the rheology of the o/w emulsions of the oil products and crude oil stabilized by CNCs depends, to a large extent, on the colloid chemical properties of nanocellulose particles. Calculations and experimental methods were used to study the changes in the acid–base properties of CNCs on the surface of emulsion droplets, depending on a type of hydrophobic components (crude oil and liquid paraffin). The formation of Pickering emulsions leads to the oxidation of oil by Rhodococcus egvi in aerobic conditions becoming more effective, provided that the environment includes mineral salts of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The results obtained present a scientific basis for the development of technologies for the disposal of oil spills on water surfaces.

В статье даётся оценка закономерностей восстановления загрязнённых нефтью экосистем на основе использования различных методов почвоведения, почвенной энзимологии, микробиологии, метагеномного анализа, почвенной зоологии и геоботаники. Проведён анализ динамики растительности на участках опытной рекультивации за 17-летний период восстановления. Предложен оригинальный подход в биодиагностике экосистем с нефтяным загрязнением - применение концепции жизненных стратегий растений Раменского-Грайма. Показано, что использование данного метода позволяет дать интегральную оценку состояния растительности при восстановительных сукцессиях после разливов нефти и делать выводы об эффективности методов ремедиации. Впервые предпринята попытка использования данных метагеномного анализа в диагностике состояния почв с нефтяным загрязнением в условиях Субарктики. Выявлена индикационная значимость филума ацидобактерии (царство Бактерии) и отдела аскомицеты (царство Грибы). В качестве индикаторных таксонов представлены трофические группы почвенных микроорганизмов и почвенные беспозвоночные. При модельной рекультивации ex situ болотной торфяной почвы показана информативность целлюлазной и уреазной активности в условиях нефтяного...

Seed productivity and quality are the bases of modern agriculture. To determine the optimal conditions in terms of seed production and quality, the effect of foliar plant biostimulant treatments (at the beginning and in the middle of the peduncle formation phase and at the beginning of flowering) based on amino acids (Multimolig M and Aminosil), silicon (Si) (Siliplant), selenium (nano-Se), a Rhodotorula glutinis soil yeast formulation, and a fertilizer (Wuxal Macromix), plus an untreated control (only water-sprayed plants), were assessed on Beta vulgaris seed plants grown in an open field in the Moscow region in 2022–2023. Silicon and nano-Se foliar supply led to the highest seed production and viability, as well as positively affecting the yield and quality of the microgreens produced from the latter seeds. Despite the stability of the size distribution of small- and large-sized seeds, only the application of Si increased the occurrence of the large-sized seed class by up to 53%, while R. glutinis fostered a homogenous distribution of seeds among the different diameter classes. The application of all of the biostimulants, except R. glutinis, provided a decrease in oxidative stress in the seeds (reflected in a significant reduction in proline levels), especially for the small-sized seed class, with the highest beneficial effects being caused by Aminosil and Siliplant. All of the treatments were beneficial in terms of chlorophyll and betalain pigment accumulation but did not significantly affect the microgreens’ antioxidant status. The beneficial effect of the biostimulants revealed provides the basis for beetroot seed production and quality improvements to meet the requirements of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations aiming to fight hunger and improve human health and well-being.

Актуальность работы. Нефтезагрязненные территории являются источниками повышенной эмиссии парниковых газов, что связано с постоянными процессами трансформации нефтеуглеводородов под действием физических, физико-химических и биологических факторов. Исследована интенсивность эмиссии метана и углекислого газа на участке хранения нефтеотходов. Участок относится к объектам накопленного экологического ущерба прошлых лет, расположен в Заводском районе г. Грозный на территории бывшего Новогрозненского НПЗ им. Н. Анисимова. Показано, что после выжигания нефтешлама и образования плотной грунтовой корки, наибольший вклад в эмиссию вносит фактор увлажненности грунта, усиливающий пористость поверхности и выделение парниковых газов. Увеличение температуры окружающей среды приводит к пропорциональному усилению эмиссии парниковых газов в случае нарушения целостности корки из сгоревших нефтепродуктов и грунта. С учетом состава нефтеотходов экспериментального участка разработан биоконсорциум для активизации биологической деструкции углеводородов и заложен полевой опыт. Целью работы является изучение эффективности методов биопереработки нефтеотходов с позиции процессов декарбонизации и эмиссии парниковых газов. Одной из задач опыта является разработка приемов трансформации нефтеуглеводородов в почвенное органическое вещество для максимального сохранения углерода нефти в почве и улучшения показателей ее биопродуктивности. Методы работы. Лабораторные исследования показали, что обработка почвы экспериментальным биоконсорциумом МБК-А усиливает интенсивность почвенного дыхания, ускоряет очищение грунта от углеводородов на 55–58% за 2 месяца, использование соломы в качестве структуратора наряду с МБК-А стимулирует очищение с еще большей скоростью – до 67% за 2 месяца. Использование укрывного материала замедляет почвенное дыхание и снижает скорость трансформации углеводородов с использованием МБК-А с соломой и без нее. Однако, именно данный прием (применение укрывного материала) может стать наиболее перспективным для улучшения и восстановления почвенного плодородия впоследствии за счет процессов трансформации нефтеуглеводородов в почвенную органику. Результаты работы. Полученные данные этого и последующих лет наблюдений позволят обосновать наиболее эффективные методы декарбонизации при переработке нефтесодержащих отходов для ликвидации участков накопленного экологического ущерба прошлых лет в Чеченской Республике. Ключевые слова: нефтеотходы, парниковые газы, почвенное дыхание, биодеструкция, трансформация. Relevance. Oil-contaminated territories are sources of increased greenhouse gas emissions, which is associated with the constant processes of transformation of petroleum hydrocarbons under the influence of various factors. The intensity of methane and carbon dioxide emission in the area of oil waste storage has been studied. The site refers to the objects of accumulated environmental damage of past years, located in the Zavodskoy district of Grozny on the territory of the former Novogroznensky Oil Refinery named after. N. Anisimova. An increase in ambient temperature leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the event of a violation of the integrity of the crust from burnt oil products and soil. Taking into account the composition of oil waste from the experimental site, a bioconsortium was developed to activate the biological destruction of hydrocarbons and a field experiment was laid. The aim of the experiment is to study the effectiveness of oil waste biorefining methods from the standpoint of decarbonization processes and greenhouse gas emissions. One of the objectives of the experiment is to develop methods for the transformation of petroleum hydrocarbons into soil organic matter to maximize the conservation of oil carbon in the soil and improve...

Relevance. Fermentation of cabbage is a common way of processing, which allows to preserve and strengthen its useful qualities. To date, breeders have proposed a significant number of varieties and hybrids of cabbage, each of which has its own individual biochemical characteristics. Traditional sauerkraut is carried out after harvest. Long storage can affect the change in the content of organic acids and sugars in cabbage.Methods. The aim of the work was to study the parameters of the fermentation process of eight varieties and hybrids of cabbage by selection in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center by the intensity of sugar reduction, accumulation of organic acids, organoleptic parameters and activity of lactic acid microorganisms. Fermentation was carried out after a 5-month period of storage of heads.Results. The results showed that the storage period did not affect the fermentation result of most of the studied varieties and hybrids of cabbage. There are varietal differences in the initial content of mono-and disaccharides, organic acids, which affected the fermentation process. The increased content of malic acid in the variety population Podarok, F1 Severyanka contributed to the slowdown of the first stage of fermentation. Varietal features of the Parus population contributed to the slowdown of the first and second stages of fermentation, which was manifested in a decrease in the rate of destruction of sugars. Variety Zymovka 1474 in the process of processing by fermentation accumulates a significant amount of succinic acid, which can characterize its special difference among the studied varieties and hybrids. The best organoleptic characteristics were distinguished by hybrids of fermented cabbage F1 Likova, F1 Natali, F1 Mechta and F1 Snezhinka. The results of the study suggest that the processing of cabbage by fermentation should take into account its individual varietal biochemical features. This will not only preserve the valuable nutritional properties of the cabbage itself, but also strengthen them by optimizing the natural process of lactic acid fermentation. The result will be the best organoleptic effect achieved by an optimal combination of lactic and citric acids and mono-sugars.