Background: Primary lung tumors in pediatric patients are rare, predominantly malignant, and present diagnostic challenges due to symptom overlap with more common conditions such as inflammatory processes or asthma. Evidence-based approaches for managing these rare neoplasms in childhood are scarce. This retrospective study reports the experience of a pediatric referral center in diagnosing and treating these tumors. Methods: Pediatric primary lung tumors treated at Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital between January 2016 and January 2024 were included. Data on clinical presentation, histopathology, imaging, treatment approaches, and outcomes were systematically collected and analyzed. Results: Nine patients (six males and three females) were identified, with a mean age (±SD) at diagnosis of 8.81 ± 5 years. The most common clinical manifestation was recurrent pneumonia (four patients), followed by persistent cough and wheezing (three patients). The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 12.8 months ± 12.2 months. Histopathological diagnoses were typical carcinoid tumors (n = 2), atypical carcinoid tumors (n = 2), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (n = 2), congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor (n = 1), myoepithelial carcinoma (n = 1), and pleuropulmonary blastoma (n = 1). Radical surgery resulted in complete response for seven patients, with a median follow-up of 52 months (IQR 39 months). The myoepithelial carcinoma was treated with multimodal therapy, relapsed after 17 months, and adjuvant chemotherapy is currently ongoing. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the pleuropulmonary blastoma is currently ongoing. Conclusions: Primary lung tumors in children, though rare, may have favorable outcomes when appropriately managed. Nonspecific clinical presentations often contribute to diagnostic delays. This study highlights the critical need of thorough evaluation in cases of persistent, therapy-resistant aspecific respiratory symptoms. Early diagnosis, coupled with complete surgical resection, significantly improves prognosis.

Background: Patient satisfaction with diabetes technology is increasingly recognized as a key factor in therapeutic success. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are gaining importance in diabetes care and in the evaluation of advanced insulin delivery systems. Objectives: This study aimed to design and validate a new questionnaire, the Insulin Pump Infusion Sets Satisfaction Scale (IPISS), to assess satisfaction with insulin infusion sets among individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The questionnaire was developed by our Diabetology Unit in two versions: one for patient self-reporting and one for caregivers when the patient is too young to complete it autonomously. Content validity was assessed by six healthcare professionals (three diabetologists and three nurses) based on Polit and Beck’s methodology. The Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was calculated for both relevance and comprehensibility and was considered satisfactory if expert agreement reached ≥83%. The Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was computed as the average of I-CVIs, with a cut-off value > 90% deemed acceptable. Results: Almost all items achieved 100% positive agreement for both relevance and comprehensibility, except one item in the caregiver version, for which one rater did not provide a rating for comprehensibility (I-CVI = 83.3%). The S-CVI was 100% for relevance in both versions, 99.24% for comprehensibility in the caregiver version, and 100% in the patient version. Conclusions: The IPISS is a content-validated, self-reported tool, suitable for evaluating satisfaction with infusion sets in individuals using insulin pumps, with versions adapted for both patients and caregivers.

Background/Objectives. Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at increased risk of cardiometabolic complications due to tumor- and treatment-related hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) damage and adverse body composition. We evaluated associations of the Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) with central adiposity, DXA-derived body composition, metabolic abnormalities, and HP involvement. Methods. In this retrospective study, 119 PBTSs (median age, 12.7 years; median time since therapy, 2.4 years) were evaluated. SPISE, BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), DXA-derived fat-to-lean ratio (FLR), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association between SPISE and central adiposity. Exploratory receiver operating characteristic analyses compared the discriminatory performance of SPISE, BMI-SDS, HOMA-IR, and FLR. Results. Central adiposity was present in 58.8% of participants, whereas BMI-defined obesity occurred in 21.8%. Lower SPISE values were associated with central adiposity, obesity, MetS, HP damage, and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (all p < 0.05). SPISE declined across pubertal stages and remained associated with central adiposity after adjustment for age and selected HP variables (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.46–0.73). SPISE showed good discrimination of central adiposity (AUC = 0.81), with an exploratory, cohort-derived threshold of 7.82; FLR provided complementary information on body composition. Conclusions. Central adiposity was common and not fully captured by BMI-defined obesity. Lower SPISE values were associated with concurrent anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities, while DXA-derived FLR added descriptive information on body composition. Whether these indices improve cardiometabolic risk stratification beyond conventional measures requires prospective investigation.