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Ling Qiu
College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China

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Journal article
Published: 18 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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During the COVID-19 outbreak, college students experienced different periods of isolation on campus, which has had an impact on students’ mental health. Based on ART theory, this study randomly selected students at Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China and distributed questionnaires in order to evaluate the psychological recovery effect of campus environment during the epidemic. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the psychological restoration of four types of campus environments. Blue space had the greatest effect, followed by green space and sports grounds, while grey space had the least. (2) Time of stay had a very significant impact on psychological restoration. Longer time of exposure is not necessarily correlated with a better recovery experience. (3) In the different campus environments, extent is easier to be perceived followed by fascination and compatibility, and the weakest is being away. At the time of stay level, no significant difference was found in the perception of compatibility. Time of stay was negatively correlated with fascination and compatibility. These findings can provide theoretical and practical bases for campus environmental planning and construction following the COVID-19 epidemic.

ACS Style

Siyun Sun; Yingyuan Chen; Sen Mu; Bo Jiang; Yiwei Lin; Tian Gao; Ling Qiu. The Psychological Restorative Effects of Campus Environments on College Students in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study at Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8731 .

AMA Style

Siyun Sun, Yingyuan Chen, Sen Mu, Bo Jiang, Yiwei Lin, Tian Gao, Ling Qiu. The Psychological Restorative Effects of Campus Environments on College Students in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study at Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (16):8731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siyun Sun; Yingyuan Chen; Sen Mu; Bo Jiang; Yiwei Lin; Tian Gao; Ling Qiu. 2021. "The Psychological Restorative Effects of Campus Environments on College Students in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study at Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8731.

Original research article
Published: 03 May 2021 in Frontiers in Built Environment
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Several studies have proven that soundscape in blue space is conducive to human health and well-being, but few studies have explored which blue space characteristics would contribute to a better soundscape and visiting experience. Therefore, an on-site questionnaire investigation was conducted at two artificial lakes in Xi’an, China. The eight Perceived Sensory Dimensions (PSDs) as a landscape assessment tool were applied to identify the characteristics of artificial lake space in urban parks. The results showed that (1) In artificial lake space, overall environment and soundscape reached a very satisfactory level in general, while the respondents’ perceived level of overall restorativeness and soundscape restorativeness as just medium, which indicated that the quality of artificial lake space needs to be improved. (2) According to people’s perceptions, artificial lake spaces had the most obvious characteristics of prospect, social and space; serene and nature were medium; refuge, rich in species, and culture were the least. (3) The eight PSDs of artificial lake space, except for social, were positively correlated with soundscape satisfaction, overall satisfaction, soundscape restorativeness, and overall restorativeness. Moreover, among them, serene was the most significant characteristic in artificial lake space. These findings could be instructive to the design of urban parks with artificial lakes for improving users’ visiting satisfaction and restorativeness.

ACS Style

Ying Qi; Xingyue Fang; Tian Gao; Ling Qiu. The Effects of Artificial Lake Space on Satisfaction and Restorativeness of the Overall Environment and Soundscape in Urban Parks. Frontiers in Built Environment 2021, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Ying Qi, Xingyue Fang, Tian Gao, Ling Qiu. The Effects of Artificial Lake Space on Satisfaction and Restorativeness of the Overall Environment and Soundscape in Urban Parks. Frontiers in Built Environment. 2021; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ying Qi; Xingyue Fang; Tian Gao; Ling Qiu. 2021. "The Effects of Artificial Lake Space on Satisfaction and Restorativeness of the Overall Environment and Soundscape in Urban Parks." Frontiers in Built Environment 7, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2021 in Forests
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Although the soundscape in cities is receiving increased attention in urban planning, there is still a lack of knowledge of how personal factors influence the perception of and preference for soundscapes. Most present studies are linked to one or a few specific soundscapes and do not have a holistic approach exploring the pros and cons of all soundscapes in a place. This study surveyed individuals to assess how soundscape perceptions and preferences may differ among various attendees of typical urban forest recreational parks in Xi’an, China, using an on-site questionnaire. The respondents (N = 2034) revealed that rare natural sounds were perceived more positively than the dominating artificial sounds. Five main dimensions of social, demographic, and behavioral attributes were found to be linked to the soundscape perceptions and preferences: (1) familiarity of the park and attendees’ age made people more tolerant towards sounds that others find annoying; (2) higher education and higher socio-economic status showed lower tolerance towards sounds; (3) having companions and specific types of recreational use increased the frequent perception of artificial sounds; (4) females generally showed higher sensitivity and lower tolerance than males towards several sounds; and (5) the longer attendees remained in the park, the more positive the overall soundscape preference was. The results indicate that numerous sounds are affecting people’s overall experience in the parks. These findings could help decision-makers and urban forest recreational park designers to formulate relevant strategies for park design that are in tune with varying public needs and expectations towards soundscape. The implementation of human-oriented soundscape design can therefore enhance people’s well-being.

ACS Style

Xingyue Fang; Tian Gao; Marcus Hedblom; Naisheng Xu; Yi Xiang; Mengyao Hu; Yuxuan Chen; Ling Qiu. Soundscape Perceptions and Preferences for Different Groups of Users in Urban Recreational Forest Parks. Forests 2021, 12, 468 .

AMA Style

Xingyue Fang, Tian Gao, Marcus Hedblom, Naisheng Xu, Yi Xiang, Mengyao Hu, Yuxuan Chen, Ling Qiu. Soundscape Perceptions and Preferences for Different Groups of Users in Urban Recreational Forest Parks. Forests. 2021; 12 (4):468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingyue Fang; Tian Gao; Marcus Hedblom; Naisheng Xu; Yi Xiang; Mengyao Hu; Yuxuan Chen; Ling Qiu. 2021. "Soundscape Perceptions and Preferences for Different Groups of Users in Urban Recreational Forest Parks." Forests 12, no. 4: 468.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Conservation efforts and cooperation from major stakeholders are critical factors for cultural heritage (e.g., historical landmarks) sustainability. Although landscape planners provide professional knowledge and intended designs for sustainable management of cultural heritage sites, the active effort and participation of local residents or communities are the decisive facts of whether relevant preservation actions can be successfully implemented. Traditional village landscapes in Qing Mu Chuan, China, were selected as the study area. We used photo questionnaires to explore the preferences, value perceptions, and preservation attitudes toward traditional village landscapes of landscape professionals and local residents. The results revealed large differences in the perceptions and preservation attitudes toward traditional village landscapes between the two groups. The most unexpected finding was that the local residents showed much stronger preferences and preservation willingness toward traditional village landscapes with cultural elements than the professionals. In addition, the local residents’ preservation attitudes were mainly affected by their perception of economic benefits and daily utility values, rather than cultural values. Meanwhile, the preservation of professionals’ attitudes was significantly related to recreational and cultural value perceptions. These findings will direct the participatory planning process to provide appropriate incentives for developing the preservation attitudes of local residents. They will also support the implementation of participatory planning to promote the positive collaboration of local residents and landscape planners toward cultural heritage sustainability.

ACS Style

Huan Yang; Ling Qiu; Xin Fu. Toward Cultural Heritage Sustainability through Participatory Planning Based on Investigation of the Value Perceptions and Preservation Attitudes: Qing Mu Chuan, China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1171 .

AMA Style

Huan Yang, Ling Qiu, Xin Fu. Toward Cultural Heritage Sustainability through Participatory Planning Based on Investigation of the Value Perceptions and Preservation Attitudes: Qing Mu Chuan, China. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huan Yang; Ling Qiu; Xin Fu. 2021. "Toward Cultural Heritage Sustainability through Participatory Planning Based on Investigation of the Value Perceptions and Preservation Attitudes: Qing Mu Chuan, China." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1171.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The world is facing the challenge of aging populations. Urban natural environments, including green spaces and blue spaces, have been demonstrated to have great benefits to the mental restoration of the elderly. However, the study of the specific characteristics of urban environments that are popular and the most restorative for the elderly is still lacking. Photo elicitation as visual stimuli was utilized to explore the differences in preference and psychological restoration of the elderly through the perception of the eight perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) in different types of urban environments. The results showed that: (1) The respondents had different perceptions of the eight PSDs in the different urban natural environments. Blue space and partly-closed green space were more preferred by the elderly, and also had more psychological restorative effects on the elderly. (2) There was no significant correlation between the number of highly perceived PSDs and preference, as well as between the number of highly perceived PSDs and psychological restoration. However, there was a significant correlation between preference and psychological restoration. (3) Partly-closed green space with more Serene and Refuge qualities, and blue space with more Serene, Refuge and Prospect properties were optimal characteristics for psychological restoration of the elderly. In addition, open green space with more Prospect, Serene and Social qualities, and closed green space with more Space, Refuge and less Nature properties could also increase psychological restoration of older adults. These findings can provide useful guidelines for restorative environmental design for the elderly in the future.

ACS Style

Ling Qiu; Qujing Chen; Tian Gao. The Effects of Urban Natural Environments on Preference and Self-Reported Psychological Restoration of the Elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 509 .

AMA Style

Ling Qiu, Qujing Chen, Tian Gao. The Effects of Urban Natural Environments on Preference and Self-Reported Psychological Restoration of the Elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):509.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Qiu; Qujing Chen; Tian Gao. 2021. "The Effects of Urban Natural Environments on Preference and Self-Reported Psychological Restoration of the Elderly." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 509.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2020 in Forests
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Although dead wood is considered to be one of the most reliable indicators for measuring the level of biodiversity, it was still seemingly unpopular with the public. In order to identify the public’s preferences for dead wood and explore the driving factors for it, this study investigated academic-related group and layman group preferences for a variety of forms of dead wood in different types of environment through the use of questionnaire surveys. The results showed: (a) The participants preferred the urban natural environments with dead wood, especially the layman group; (b) the existence of dead wood in semi-open/semi-closed green space and blue space was most likely to be appreciated; (c) the participants most liked the dead wood with a peculiar shape in the semi-open/semi-closed and the closed green space, and a regular shape in the open green space; (d) the information of landscape appreciation had the greatest positive influence on public’s dead wood preference, followed by the information of recreational facility and ecological education, and the information of “leading the way” was the least; (e) the present findings serve to provide a practical guidance for future optimal planning of urban environments from urban biodiversity and human recreation aspects.

ACS Style

Ling Qiu; Na Yu; Yanan Gao; Tian Zhang; Tian Gao. Public Visual Preference for Dead Wood in Different Types of Landscape. Forests 2020, 12, 44 .

AMA Style

Ling Qiu, Na Yu, Yanan Gao, Tian Zhang, Tian Gao. Public Visual Preference for Dead Wood in Different Types of Landscape. Forests. 2020; 12 (1):44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Qiu; Na Yu; Yanan Gao; Tian Zhang; Tian Gao. 2020. "Public Visual Preference for Dead Wood in Different Types of Landscape." Forests 12, no. 1: 44.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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In order to identify the reliability and validity of the different visual approaches in assessing landscape perception and preference, off-site surveys with photo elicitation and virtual reality and on-site surveys of urban green spaces were conducted under certain conditions across four seasons and with different selections of participants as an experimental design. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests) and the Generalized Linear Model have been respectively applied to identify the differences among visual approaches. The results showed: (1) landscape perception and preference through on-site and off-site (photo elicitation and virtual reality) approaches were significantly different, and virtual reality was more consistent with on-site survey. (2) Season significantly influenced on-site and off-site visual strategies but experimental design did not. (3) The preferences for urban green spaces with different vegetation structure were significantly influenced by three visual approaches under different seasons. The three visual approaches were significantly different except for perception of open green space in winter and closed green space in autumn. It is suggested in practice that for open green space, photo elicitation could replace on-site survey particularly in autumn and winter; virtual reality could replace on-site survey in semi-open green space in any season and all green spaces in winter; and photo elicitation could replace virtual reality in winter. The results can provide scientific support for obtaining more accurate assessments of landscape perception and preference in the future.

ACS Style

Yi Xiang; Huiyi Liang; Xingyue Fang; Yuxuan Chen; Naisheng Xu; Mengyao Hu; Qujing Chen; Sen Mu; Marcus Hedblom; Ling Qiu; Tian Gao. The comparisons of on-site and off-site applications in surveys on perception of and preference for urban green spaces: Which approach is more reliable? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2020, 58, 126961 .

AMA Style

Yi Xiang, Huiyi Liang, Xingyue Fang, Yuxuan Chen, Naisheng Xu, Mengyao Hu, Qujing Chen, Sen Mu, Marcus Hedblom, Ling Qiu, Tian Gao. The comparisons of on-site and off-site applications in surveys on perception of and preference for urban green spaces: Which approach is more reliable? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2020; 58 ():126961.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Xiang; Huiyi Liang; Xingyue Fang; Yuxuan Chen; Naisheng Xu; Mengyao Hu; Qujing Chen; Sen Mu; Marcus Hedblom; Ling Qiu; Tian Gao. 2020. "The comparisons of on-site and off-site applications in surveys on perception of and preference for urban green spaces: Which approach is more reliable?" Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 58, no. : 126961.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2020 in Forests
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In the process of urbanization in China, the problem of atmospheric suspended particulate matter pollution is becoming increasingly serious. It has been impossible to completely rely on pollution source control measures to solve this problem for a long time due to the diversity and complexity of pollution sources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore alternate solutions to significantly improve air quality through increasing the capacity of green space in cities as these locations can provide multiple ecosystem services. In this study, a three-dimensional classification system was created by utilizing Beijing’s urban forest as a study area. Considering the meteorological factors, change of month and time and the characteristics of the forest itself, the significance and difference of reducing the concentration of atmospheric suspended particulate matter by the forest with different vegetation structures were tested. The results showed that meteorological factors such as wind velocity, temperature, and relative humidity all had a very significant effect on the concentration of atmospheric suspended particulate matter in the conditions of this study. The concentration was highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and lowest in summer. The concentration in the morning was the lowest of the day, increasing in the noon and afternoon with time. It was the lowest in the closed single-layered mixed forest, and the highest in the open lawn green space. By comparing the forest with gradient areas of 0.5 ha and 3.0 ha, it was found that with the increase in the area, the green space did not necessarily show a better dust retention effect, and the vegetation structure type of the green space often had more important influence. There was a very significant correlation between vegetation structure and plant diversity (Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index and Simpson Diversity Index). Biodiversity could significantly support and strengthen urban forest ecological service functions that improve air quality. Increasing the plant species diversity could lead to lower particulate matter concentration. The research conclusions could provide theoretical and practical bases for how to select the combination of vegetation structure in the planning and design of urban forest oriented to improve air quality.

ACS Style

Tian Gao; Fang Liu; Yang Wang; Sen Mu; Ling Qiu. Reduction of Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration and Influencing Factors of Green Space in Urban Forest Park. Forests 2020, 11, 950 .

AMA Style

Tian Gao, Fang Liu, Yang Wang, Sen Mu, Ling Qiu. Reduction of Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration and Influencing Factors of Green Space in Urban Forest Park. Forests. 2020; 11 (9):950.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Gao; Fang Liu; Yang Wang; Sen Mu; Ling Qiu. 2020. "Reduction of Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration and Influencing Factors of Green Space in Urban Forest Park." Forests 11, no. 9: 950.

Comparative study
Published: 27 November 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In order to identify the effects and divergences of the different landscape perception approaches on landscape preference, this study investigated people’s preferences for urban green spaces with different vegetation structures in the early spring through using three approaches, which were on-site survey, photo elicitation and VR technology. The results showed that: (a) There were significant differences among the three approaches for landscape preference, among which there was a significant difference between VR technology and the other two approaches, while no differences between on-site survey and photo elicitation were found. (b) The respondents showed significant differences in their preferences for the urban green spaces with the different vegetation structures through VR technology, and the semi-open green space received the highest preference score. (c) Whatever the approach employed, there were no significant differences in gender and professional background groups for landscape preference. (d) In the comparisons of the three different approaches, the respondents were more willing to choose physical recreational activities to be conducted in the early spring. Based on the above results, the three approaches of landscape perception were divergent and irreplaceable. It is, thus, suggested that the approach of landscape perception should be carefully selected for a specific landscape in a certain season, so as to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of landscape perception and preference in the future.

ACS Style

Tian Gao; Huiyi Liang; Yuxuan Chen; Ling Qiu. Comparisons of Landscape Preferences through Three Different Perceptual Approaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4754 .

AMA Style

Tian Gao, Huiyi Liang, Yuxuan Chen, Ling Qiu. Comparisons of Landscape Preferences through Three Different Perceptual Approaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (23):4754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Gao; Huiyi Liang; Yuxuan Chen; Ling Qiu. 2019. "Comparisons of Landscape Preferences through Three Different Perceptual Approaches." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4754.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Accumulated evidence claims that urban green spaces (UGS) have a positive impact on the physical and mental health of humans. However, little information is available to clearly reveal what the most important driving factors are for human psychophysiological restoration. In order to unveil this uncertainty, this study employed virtual reality (VR) technology to investigate the physiological (electroencephalogram, EEG), and psychological (attention, positive mood, negative mood) responses and individual preferences for different urban environments. Participants (120) were recruited and randomly assigned to experience six different types of environments varying in land use and vegetation structures, which were: Grey space, blue space, open green space, partly open green space, partly closed green space, and closed green space. The results showed that the experience of the six environmental types through VR devices had positive restorative effects on the individuals' attentional fatigue and negative mood; however, all the participants obtained the highest levels of physiological stress restoration when asked to close their eyes for relaxation. The physiological measurements of the EEG showed no significant differences among the selected types of environments. Meanwhile, the results of the psychological measures suggested that only negative mood showed significant differences of change among the six types of environments, and while the partly open green space had the most positive effect on negative mood, the closed green space had the worst. The blue space and partly closed green space received higher recreational preference ratings than the other four environments, while the closed green space received the lowest recreational preference rating. Moreover, the findings showed that there was a strong positive correlation between people's preferences and the improvement of their positive mood. This indicated that as the popularity of a natural environment increased, so did the benefits of human health and well-being. In addition, this study shows that VR technology may be utilized as a possible surrogate measure to real scenes in evaluating human physiological and psychological restoration in the future. The present findings can provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance for future optimal planning of urban restorative environments.

ACS Style

Gao; Tian Zhang; Ling Zhu; Ling Qiu; Tian Gao; Yanan Gao; Zhu; Qiu. Exploring Psychophysiological Restoration and Individual Preference in the Different Environments Based on Virtual Reality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3102 .

AMA Style

Gao, Tian Zhang, Ling Zhu, Ling Qiu, Tian Gao, Yanan Gao, Zhu, Qiu. Exploring Psychophysiological Restoration and Individual Preference in the Different Environments Based on Virtual Reality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (17):3102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gao; Tian Zhang; Ling Zhu; Ling Qiu; Tian Gao; Yanan Gao; Zhu; Qiu. 2019. "Exploring Psychophysiological Restoration and Individual Preference in the Different Environments Based on Virtual Reality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3102.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2019 in Sustainability
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Evidence has been accumulating of the psychological and physiological benefits and well-being gained by individuals from recreational activities in urban green spaces due to their ability to sustain biodiversity, but maximizing both biodiversity and recreational values of green spaces has become increasingly difficult in practice. In order to better maximize the biodiversity and recreational value of urban green space, this study was conducted through the utilization of an onsite questionnaire to understand people’s perceptions of and preferences for biodiversity and recreational values of urban green spaces in Baoji City, China. The results showed that respondents were able to correctly perceive biodiversity and preferred to engage in recreational activities in the high biodiversity environment. However, the respondents’ perceptions of the eight perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) in the different habitats were divergent, and an environment which is high in biodiversity does not necessarily have higher PSDs. Moreover, ‘living environment’ and ‘frequency to the park’ had significant impacts on perception of and preference for urban biodiversity. In addition, ‘education level’, ‘living environment’, ‘age’, and other indicators were more likely to influence the perception of the eight PSDs. Therefore, the presented findings can be applied by urban landscape planners to assess the qualities of urban green spaces in order to maintain urban biodiversity and meet the satisfaction of human recreation in the future.

ACS Style

Tian Gao; Ling Zhu; Tian Zhang; Rui Song; Yuanqun Zhang; Ling Qiu. Is an Environment with High Biodiversity the Most Attractive for Human Recreation? A Case Study in Baoji, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4086 .

AMA Style

Tian Gao, Ling Zhu, Tian Zhang, Rui Song, Yuanqun Zhang, Ling Qiu. Is an Environment with High Biodiversity the Most Attractive for Human Recreation? A Case Study in Baoji, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Gao; Ling Zhu; Tian Zhang; Rui Song; Yuanqun Zhang; Ling Qiu. 2019. "Is an Environment with High Biodiversity the Most Attractive for Human Recreation? A Case Study in Baoji, China." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4086.

Comparative study
Published: 25 April 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of airborne particulate pollution has become more and more serious. Green areas in urban spaces with different green coverage rates in Baoji City were selected to quantitatively compare the effects and differences of month, time, temperature, humidity, wind velocity, vegetation structure, and area of site on PM2.5 and PM10 concentration. The results showed that increasing the urban green coverage rate will help to improve the green area’s reduction of airborne particulate matter concentration and the selected factors affecting the green area’s reduction ability were discrepant in urban spaces with different green coverage rates. With the decrease of the green coverage rate, the purification effect of green area itself on air particles was weakened, and other factors, such as meteorological conditions and human activities, became the dominant influencing factors. Vegetation structure only had significant effects on the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in green areas of urban space with a green coverage rate greater than 75%. The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 were lowest in the partly closed green area of one-layered coniferous trees and the closed green area of one-layered mixed trees. The research shows that green areas in urban spaces with different green coverage rates have different reduction effects on the concentration of airborne particles, which provides a theoretical basis and reference for the optimization of green area structures and to improve air quality effectively in the future.

ACS Style

Ling Qiu; Fang Liu; Xiang Zhang; Tian Gao. Difference of Airborne Particulate Matter Concentration in Urban Space with Different Green Coverage Rates in Baoji, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1465 .

AMA Style

Ling Qiu, Fang Liu, Xiang Zhang, Tian Gao. Difference of Airborne Particulate Matter Concentration in Urban Space with Different Green Coverage Rates in Baoji, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (8):1465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Qiu; Fang Liu; Xiang Zhang; Tian Gao. 2019. "Difference of Airborne Particulate Matter Concentration in Urban Space with Different Green Coverage Rates in Baoji, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8: 1465.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Several studies have revealed the positive effects of green space and certain activities on counteracting the physical and mental pressure felt by human beings. However, how self-reported stressed people perceive restorative green spaces, their preferences for specific characteristics and activities, and what characteristics of urban green space can induce various types of activities for stress recovery has not been fully examined in the high-density cities of China. Using an on-site questionnaire survey conducted in the People's Park (PP) in Baoji, China, this study is the first to consider the relationship among eight sensory dimensions, activity types and stress recovery in Chinese green space. Results showed that the highest-stressed respondents were more likely to spend their time in multi-layered woodlands adjacent to water, with more experiences of serene but less about prospect. They preferred serene dimension more, while the culture and social dimensions were least preferred. Sports and leisure activities and quiet activities were the most popular among highest-stressed respondents, which were positively related to the serene and nature dimensions, respectively. Results suggested that the most restorative environment for stress recovery can be regarded as multi-layered woodlands adjacent to water with more serene and nature, less prospect and few or no culture and social dimensions.

ACS Style

Tian Gao; Rui Song; Ling Zhu; Ling Qiu. What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1348 .

AMA Style

Tian Gao, Rui Song, Ling Zhu, Ling Qiu. What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (8):1348.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Gao; Rui Song; Ling Zhu; Ling Qiu. 2019. "What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8: 1348.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2018 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Several evidence from the Nordic countries suggest that the eight perceived sensory dimensions, which are serene, nature, rich in species, space, prospect, refuge, social and culture, can be used as a reliable tool for urban green space assessment and planning, but whether or not this is the case for China is unknown. Using an onsite questionnaire distributed to green space users in Hefei, China, this study is the first to examine the representations of the eight sensory dimensions as perceived by Chinese people in different types of green space, and to identify the relationship between the eight sensory dimensions and preference, including the factors that most influenced their perceptions. The results showed that: (1) Social was common, while culture and rich in species the least common—which was not in line with the previous European studies; (2) The popularity of green space type was positively related to the number of highly perceived sensory dimensions; (3) Type of green space was a key determinant of perceptions of the eight sensory dimensions, and certain socioeconomic and green space use variables also had a great impact on people's perceptions. The results grant potential to the method in assessment and planning of urban green space in China.

ACS Style

Hong Chen; Ling Qiu; Tian Gao. Application of the eight perceived sensory dimensions as a tool for urban green space assessment and planning in China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2018, 40, 224 -235.

AMA Style

Hong Chen, Ling Qiu, Tian Gao. Application of the eight perceived sensory dimensions as a tool for urban green space assessment and planning in China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2018; 40 ():224-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Chen; Ling Qiu; Tian Gao. 2018. "Application of the eight perceived sensory dimensions as a tool for urban green space assessment and planning in China." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 40, no. : 224-235.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2018 in Atmosphere
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With the acceleration of urbanisation and industrialisation, atmospheric particulate pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in China. In this study, green spaces in Baoji city were classified into different patterns on the basis of vegetation structural parameters, i.e., horizontal structure, vertical structure and vegetation type. Eleven types of green space with different structures were selected for investigating the relationships between atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentration and green spaces with different vegetation structure, based on the “matrix effect” of environmental factors, i.e., location, time, wind velocity, temperature, humidity and area to the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in the green spaces. The results showed that: (1) Location, time, wind velocity, temperature and humidity had highly significant effects on the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. In sunny and breeze weather conditions, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration increased with the wind velocity and humidity, and decreased with the temperature. The range of PM10 concentration was greater than the range of PM2.5 concentration. (2) Less than 2 hectares of the green space had no significant influence on the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. (3) The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 showed no significant difference between all the green spaces and the control group. There was no significant difference in the reduction of PM2.5 concentration between different structural green spaces, but there was a significant difference in the reduction of PM10 concentration. The above results will provide a theoretical basis and practical methods for the optimisation of urban green space structures for improving urban air quality effectively in the future.

ACS Style

Ling Qiu; Fang Liu; Xiang Zhang; Tian Gao. The Reducing Effect of Green Spaces with Different Vegetation Structure on Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentration in BaoJi City, China. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 332 .

AMA Style

Ling Qiu, Fang Liu, Xiang Zhang, Tian Gao. The Reducing Effect of Green Spaces with Different Vegetation Structure on Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentration in BaoJi City, China. Atmosphere. 2018; 9 (9):332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Qiu; Fang Liu; Xiang Zhang; Tian Gao. 2018. "The Reducing Effect of Green Spaces with Different Vegetation Structure on Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentration in BaoJi City, China." Atmosphere 9, no. 9: 332.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2011 in Environmental Management
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Temporal and spatial vegetation structure has impact on biodiversity qualities. Yet, current schemes of biotope mapping do only to a limited extend incorporate these factors in the mapping. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of a modified biotope mapping scheme that includes temporal and spatial vegetation structure. A refined scheme was developed based on a biotope classification, and applied to a green structure system in Helsingborg city in southern Sweden. It includes four parameters of vegetation structure: continuity of forest cover, age of dominant trees, horizontal structure, and vertical structure. The major green structure sites were determined by interpretation of panchromatic aerial photographs assisted with a field survey. A set of biotope maps was constructed on the basis of each level of modified classification. An evaluation of the scheme included two aspects in particular: comparison of species richness between long-continuity and short-continuity forests based on identification of woodland continuity using ancient woodland indicators (AWI) species and related historical documents, and spatial distribution of animals in the green space in relation to vegetation structure. The results indicate that (1) the relationship between forest continuity: according to verification of historical documents, the richness of AWI species was higher in long-continuity forests; Simpson's diversity was significantly different between long- and short-continuity forests; the total species richness and Shannon's diversity were much higher in long-continuity forests shown a very significant difference. (2) The spatial vegetation structure and age of stands influence the richness and abundance of the avian fauna and rabbits, and distance to the nearest tree and shrub was a strong determinant of presence for these animal groups. It is concluded that continuity of forest cover, age of dominant trees, horizontal and vertical structures of vegetation should now be included in urban biotope classifications.

ACS Style

Tian Gao; Ling Qiu; Mårten Hammer; Allan Gunnarsson. The Importance of Temporal and Spatial Vegetation Structure Information in Biotope Mapping Schemes: A Case Study in Helsingborg, Sweden. Environmental Management 2011, 49, 459 -472.

AMA Style

Tian Gao, Ling Qiu, Mårten Hammer, Allan Gunnarsson. The Importance of Temporal and Spatial Vegetation Structure Information in Biotope Mapping Schemes: A Case Study in Helsingborg, Sweden. Environmental Management. 2011; 49 (2):459-472.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Gao; Ling Qiu; Mårten Hammer; Allan Gunnarsson. 2011. "The Importance of Temporal and Spatial Vegetation Structure Information in Biotope Mapping Schemes: A Case Study in Helsingborg, Sweden." Environmental Management 49, no. 2: 459-472.

Short communication
Published: 31 December 2010 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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This paper reviews biotope mapping methods in nature conservation and shows that the perspectives of biotope mapping have changed from protection of valuable biotopes for rare and endangered species to a modern nature conservation strategy, i.e. maintaining and increasing biodiversity as a component of human daily life. Two key issues of biotope mapping are highlighted: how to increase the chances of people having contact with urban biodiversity based on biotope mapping, and how to develop an effective method of biotope mapping in order to obtain much more urban biodiversity information. It is found that comprehensive surveys of all land parcels are important in urban biotope mapping, and especially investigation of small-scale biotopes close to people's living places that still have potential biodiversity value. Many studies show that there is a close relation between vegetation structure and biodiversity. A modified biotope classification method integrated with structural variables is proposed for biotope mapping as a basis for urban biodiversity development. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Ling Qiu; Tian Gao; Allan Gunnarsson; Mårten Hammer; Roland von Bothmer. A methodological study of biotope mapping in nature conservation. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2010, 9, 161 -166.

AMA Style

Ling Qiu, Tian Gao, Allan Gunnarsson, Mårten Hammer, Roland von Bothmer. A methodological study of biotope mapping in nature conservation. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2010; 9 (2):161-166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Qiu; Tian Gao; Allan Gunnarsson; Mårten Hammer; Roland von Bothmer. 2010. "A methodological study of biotope mapping in nature conservation." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9, no. 2: 161-166.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2010 in Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology
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ACS Style

Tian Gao; Ling Qiu; Cun-Gen Chen. [Application of biotope mapping model integrated with vegetation cover continuity attributes in urban biodiversity conservation]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 2010, 21, 1 .

AMA Style

Tian Gao, Ling Qiu, Cun-Gen Chen. [Application of biotope mapping model integrated with vegetation cover continuity attributes in urban biodiversity conservation]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology. 2010; 21 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian Gao; Ling Qiu; Cun-Gen Chen. 2010. "[Application of biotope mapping model integrated with vegetation cover continuity attributes in urban biodiversity conservation]." Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 21, no. 9: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2010 in Endocrine Reviews
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Cevoglitazar is a dual agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -γ subtypes. Dual activation of PPARα and -γ is a therapeutic approach in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic dyslipidemia. In this report, we show that, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism like other dual PPAR agonists, cevoglitazar also elicits beneficial effects on energy homeostasis in two animal models of obesity. In leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, administration of cevoglitazar at 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg for 18 d led to acute and sustained, dose-dependent reduction of food intake and body weight. Furthermore, plasma levels of glucose and insulin were normalized after 7 d of cevoglitazar treatment at 0.5 mg/kg. Plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides were dose-dependently reduced. In obese and insulin-resistant cynomolgus monkeys, treatment with cevoglitazar at 50 and 500 μg/kg for 4 wk lowered food intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner. In these animals, cevoglitazar also reduced fasting plasma insulin and, at the highest dose, reduced hemoglobin A1c levels by 0.4%. These preclinical results demonstrate that cevoglitazar holds promise for the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related disorders because of its unique beneficial effect on energy balance in addition to improving glycemic and metabolic control.

ACS Style

Hong Chen; Beatriz Dardik; Ling Qiu; Xianglin Ren; Shari L. Caplan; Bryan Burkey; Brian R. Boettcher; Jesper Gromada. Cevoglitazar, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α/γ Dual Agonist, Potently Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight in Obese Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys. Endocrine Reviews 2010, 31, 404 -405.

AMA Style

Hong Chen, Beatriz Dardik, Ling Qiu, Xianglin Ren, Shari L. Caplan, Bryan Burkey, Brian R. Boettcher, Jesper Gromada. Cevoglitazar, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α/γ Dual Agonist, Potently Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight in Obese Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys. Endocrine Reviews. 2010; 31 (3):404-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Chen; Beatriz Dardik; Ling Qiu; Xianglin Ren; Shari L. Caplan; Bryan Burkey; Brian R. Boettcher; Jesper Gromada. 2010. "Cevoglitazar, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α/γ Dual Agonist, Potently Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight in Obese Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys." Endocrine Reviews 31, no. 3: 404-405.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2010 in Endocrinology
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Cevoglitazar is a dual agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -γ subtypes. Dual activation of PPARα and -γ is a therapeutic approach in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic dyslipidemia. In this report, we show that, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism like other dual PPAR agonists, cevoglitazar also elicits beneficial effects on energy homeostasis in two animal models of obesity. In leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, administration of cevoglitazar at 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg for 18 d led to acute and sustained, dose-dependent reduction of food intake and body weight. Furthermore, plasma levels of glucose and insulin were normalized after 7 d of cevoglitazar treatment at 0.5 mg/kg. Plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides were dose-dependently reduced. In obese and insulin-resistant cynomolgus monkeys, treatment with cevoglitazar at 50 and 500 μg/kg for 4 wk lowered food intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner. In these animals, cevoglitazar also reduced fasting plasma insulin and, at the highest dose, reduced hemoglobin A1c levels by 0.4%. These preclinical results demonstrate that cevoglitazar holds promise for the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related disorders because of its unique beneficial effect on energy balance in addition to improving glycemic and metabolic control.

ACS Style

Hong Chen; Beatriz Dardik; Ling Qiu; Xianglin Ren; Shari L. Caplan; Bryan Burkey; Brian R. Boettcher; Jesper Gromada. Cevoglitazar, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α/γ Dual Agonist, Potently Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight in Obese Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys. Endocrinology 2010, 151, 3115 -3124.

AMA Style

Hong Chen, Beatriz Dardik, Ling Qiu, Xianglin Ren, Shari L. Caplan, Bryan Burkey, Brian R. Boettcher, Jesper Gromada. Cevoglitazar, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α/γ Dual Agonist, Potently Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight in Obese Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys. Endocrinology. 2010; 151 (7):3115-3124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Chen; Beatriz Dardik; Ling Qiu; Xianglin Ren; Shari L. Caplan; Bryan Burkey; Brian R. Boettcher; Jesper Gromada. 2010. "Cevoglitazar, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α/γ Dual Agonist, Potently Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight in Obese Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys." Endocrinology 151, no. 7: 3115-3124.