Fish and seafood are increasingly recognised as safe and nutritiously valuable foods of animal origin, being a source of about 17% of animal protein globally. Novel culinary trends encourage the consumption of raw or thermally lightly processed fishery products. At the same time, consumers prefer wild, fresh and whole fish over farmed or processed fish. However, the consumption of raw or undercooked fish and other marine organisms poses a risk of contracting parasitic infections, potentially representing a public health risk. Among the most common seafoodborne parasites are members of the Anisakidae family, especially the genus Anisakis, which can cause potentially detrimental effects to human health. These parasites are the causative agent of a zoonosis termed anisakidosis that is prevalent in countries with high per capita fish consumption. Although the number of annual clinical cases varies among countries and regions and is generally not high, sensitisation to this parasite in the general population seems to be considerably higher. Therefore, anisakidosis is still significantly underreported and misdiagnosed globally, making it a disease of rising public health concerns. To prevent infection and mitigate potential negative effects on human health, proper preventive measures such as gutting the fish, freezing or thermal processing are needed. Moreover, a holistic approach implementing One Health principles together with educational campaigns towards the general public and primary care physicians can extend the knowledge on the occurrence of these parasites in their natural hosts and the diagnosis and incidence of anisakidosis, with a final goal to minimize risks for human health and reducing costs for health systems.

Orthoflaviviruses (formerly flaviviruses) are known for their role in numerous diseases affecting both humans and animals. Despite the worldwide distribution of orthoflaviviruses, individual species are only found in endemic or epidemic regions. However, in recent decades, certain orthoflaviviruses have spread beyond their traditional geographic boundaries, even crossing continents. Given the long-distance movements of birds, the knowledge of zoonotic orthoflaviviruses associated with birds is essential because of their possible introduction into new regions, as was the case with West Nile virus and Usutu virus. A thorough literature review was conducted on zoonotic orthoflaviviruses related to birds, including lesser-known (re-)emerging and neglected orthoflaviviruses that are limited to specific regions and/or avian hosts but have the potential to spread to a wider geographical area and pose a higher risk of transmission to humans. Several of these viruses possess significant zoonotic potential and can cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, ranging from mild febrile illnesses (Zika virus) to severe neuroinvasive diseases (tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis virus) and hemorrhagic fevers (yellow fever, dengue virus). Geographic distribution, hosts, vectors, incidence of human infections, and impact on human and animal health of zoonotic flaviviruses related to birds are critically reviewed. The viruses have been categorized based on the role of birds as an orthoflavivirus host and the clinical presentation in human infections.

Autochthonous dengue cases have been continuously recorded in Europe in the past two decades. The first autochthonous dengue case in Croatia was reported in 2010 on the Pelješac Peninsula, while imported cases were recorded continuously thereafter. In 2024, dengue re-emerged in Croatia. An epidemiological and entomological study was conducted after receiving information on dengue virus (DENV) infection in a German tourist probably acquired on Dugi Otok Island in Croatia in May 2024. Serum samples were collected from 30 residents of the Veli Rat region where the patient had stayed. In addition, mosquitoes were collected in the same area. Human samples were tested for the presence of DENV antibodies (ELISA and IFA) and DENV RNA (RT-qPCR), while mosquito samples were tested for DENV RNA (RT-qPCR). DENV IgM or IgG antibodies were found in 8 serum samples, while no one sample was RT-qPCR positive. No cross-reactivity with flaviviruses was detected in seropositive samples, supporting DENV infection. One patient was classified as a confirmed dengue case (IgG seroconversion in paired serum samples) and five as probable cases (IgM detection in a single serum sample). One additional patient, sampled only once, was IgG seropositive. Two of the seropositive individuals reported fever and rash three weeks before testing. The re-emergence of dengue in Croatia highlights the need for continuous monitoring of DENV circulation in both humans and vectors.

Tijekom trajanja pandemije stavovi o cijepljenju protiv COVID-19 su se mijenjali, a ta je podjela bila izraženija što je tijek pandemije dulje trajao. Imali smo priliku čuti razna mišljenja i stavove o cijepljenju. Sudjelovali smo u mnogim rasprava...