This article explores the use of phase change materials (PCMs) derived from waste, in energy storage systems. It emphasizes the potential of these PCMs in addressing concerns related to fossil fuel usage and environmental impact. This article also highlights the aspects of these PCMs including reduced reliance on renewable resources minimized greenhouse gas emissions and waste reduction. The study also discusses approaches such as integrating nanotechnology to enhance thermal conductivity and utilizing machine learning and deep learning techniques for predicting dynamic behavior. The article provides an overall view of research on biodegradable waste-based PCMs and how they can play a promising role in achieving energy-efficient and sustainable thermal storage systems. However, specific conclusions drawn from the presented results are not explicitly outlined, leaving room, for investigation and exploration in this evolving field. Artificial neural network (ANN) predictive models for thermal energy storage devices perform differently. With a 4% adjusted mean absolute error, the 10.13039/100014230 Gaussian radial basis function kernel Support Vector Regression (SVR) model captured heat-related charging and discharging issues. The ANN model predicted finned tube heat and heat flux better than the numerical model. SVM models outperformed ANN and ANFIS in some datasets. Material property predictions favored gradient boosting, but Linear Regression and SVR models performed better, emphasizing application- and dataset-specific model selection. These predictive models provide insights into the complex thermal performance of building structures, aiding in the design and operation of energy-efficient systems. Biodegradable waste-based PCMs' sustainability includes carbon footprint, waste reduction, biodegradability, and circular economy alignment. Nanotechnology, machine learning, and deep learning improve thermal conductivity and prediction. Circular economy principles include waste reduction and carbon footprint reduction. Specific results-based conclusions are not stated. Presenting a comprehensive overview of current research highlights biodegradable waste-based PCMs' potential for energy-efficient and sustainable thermal storage systems.