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Land management focused from the social-ecological perspective of ecosystem services should consider cultural services in decision-making processes. Nature-based tourism offers a great potential for landscape conservation, local development and the well-being of human populations. However, the subjectivity of recreational ecosystem services has meant a clear impediment to assessing and mapping them. In this study, an integrated numerical spatial method is developed, which quantifies the supply and demand of recreational ecosystem services and allows mapping their spatial correspondence along a rural-urban gradient. The procedure also allows quantifying the influence of the landscape structure and the presence of protected areas on the degree of coupling between supply of recreational ecosystem services and demand for outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism and reveals that protected areas are hotspots of recreational ecosystem services. The results obtained highlight the usefulness of the methodological procedure developed as a tool for sustainable land planning and management from an integrative social-ecological approach.
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; María Schmitz. Recreational and Nature-Based Tourism as a Cultural Ecosystem Service. Assessment and Mapping in a Rural-Urban Gradient of Central Spain. Land 2021, 10, 343 .
AMA StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, María Schmitz. Recreational and Nature-Based Tourism as a Cultural Ecosystem Service. Assessment and Mapping in a Rural-Urban Gradient of Central Spain. Land. 2021; 10 (4):343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; María Schmitz. 2021. "Recreational and Nature-Based Tourism as a Cultural Ecosystem Service. Assessment and Mapping in a Rural-Urban Gradient of Central Spain." Land 10, no. 4: 343.
The expansion of urban areas around the world and the application of the sustainability paradigm to tourism discourses has favored an increase in the number of people visiting natural protected areas (NPAs) in their leisure time. While tourism is desired to boost the economy of destinations, mismanagement can bring negative consequences for social–ecological systems, particularly in post-conflict rural scenarios. In the context of a broader ethnographic research, we analyzed the perceptions of the local population about tourism development in the NPA Jaltepeque Estuary (El Salvador, Central America) and the establishment of a Biosphere Reserve in the area, using structured questionnaires and Multiple Correspondence Analysis for the typification of social actors. We found that overall, the population regards positively the development of tourism in the area. Fishermen are the only ones who highlight the negative economic consequences of tourism development, claiming disparity in the distribution of benefits and an increase in the cost of living. We conclude that although tourism development is an activity desired by local people, there is a need in the community to discuss how this process of socio-economic transformation should be approached and an evident conflict between two different models: the one desired and offered by the population and the one that is currently being developed in the nearby Costa del Sol corridor.
Delia Andries; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; María Schmitz. Sustainable Tourism and Natural Protected Areas: Exploring Local Population Perceptions in a Post-Conflict Scenario. Land 2021, 10, 331 .
AMA StyleDelia Andries, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, María Schmitz. Sustainable Tourism and Natural Protected Areas: Exploring Local Population Perceptions in a Post-Conflict Scenario. Land. 2021; 10 (3):331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDelia Andries; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; María Schmitz. 2021. "Sustainable Tourism and Natural Protected Areas: Exploring Local Population Perceptions in a Post-Conflict Scenario." Land 10, no. 3: 331.
Cultural landscapes are the result of social–ecological processes that have co-evolved throughout history, shaping high-value sustainable systems
María Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui. Cultural Landscape Preservation and Social–Ecological Sustainability. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2593 .
AMA StyleMaría Schmitz, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui. Cultural Landscape Preservation and Social–Ecological Sustainability. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2593.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui. 2021. "Cultural Landscape Preservation and Social–Ecological Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2593.
Landscape conservation efforts in many European countries focus on cultural landscapes, which are part of the cultural identity of people, have a great heritage significance, improve the living standards of local populations and provide valuable cultural biodiversity. However, despite a wide arrange of protective measures, the management of preserved areas is seldom effective for the protection of cultural landscapes. Through a multi-approach analysis, we characterise the main heritage attributes of 17 Protected Landscapes in Spain and assess their management effectiveness by quantifying the evolution of the spatial pattern inside and outside protected landscapes. Our method has proven useful to quantitatively describe the spatial-temporal patterns of change of the protected and unprotected landscapes studied. We highlight the following results: (i) the concepts of uniqueness and naturalness are not appropriate to preserve cultural landscapes; (ii) the land protection approach currently adopted is not useful for the protection of cultural landscapes, particularly of the most rural ones; (iii) the landscapes studied with greater rural features can be considered as “paper parks”. We recommend that different protection measures focused on the needs and desires of the rural population are taken into account in order to protect cultural landscapes that are shaped by traditional rural activities.
Nicolas Marine; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Manuel Rodrigo De La O Cabrera; David Escudero; María F. Schmitz. Protected Landscapes in Spain: Reasons for Protection and Sustainability of Conservation Management. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6913 .
AMA StyleNicolas Marine, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Manuel Rodrigo De La O Cabrera, David Escudero, María F. Schmitz. Protected Landscapes in Spain: Reasons for Protection and Sustainability of Conservation Management. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6913.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolas Marine; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Manuel Rodrigo De La O Cabrera; David Escudero; María F. Schmitz. 2020. "Protected Landscapes in Spain: Reasons for Protection and Sustainability of Conservation Management." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6913.
Quantitative models play an increasing role in exploring the impact of global change on biodiversity. To win credibility and trust, they need validating. We show how expert knowledge can be used to assess a large number of empirical species niche models constructed for the British vascular plant and bryophyte flora. Key outcomes were (a) scored assessments of each modeled species and niche axis combination, (b) guidance on models needing further development, (c) exploration of the trade‐off between presenting more complex model summaries, which could lead to more thorough validation, versus the longer time these take to evaluate, (d) quantification of the internal consistency of expert opinion based on comparison of assessment scores made on a random subset of models evaluated by both experts. Overall, the experts assessed 39% of species and niche axis combinations to be “poor” and 61% to show a degree of reliability split between “moderate” (30%), “good” (25%), and “excellent” (6%). The two experts agreed in only 43% of cases, reaching greater consensus about poorer models and disagreeing most about models rated as better by either expert. This low agreement rate suggests that a greater number of experts is required to produce reliable assessments and to more fully understand the reasons underlying lack of consensus. While area under curve (AUC) statistics showed generally very good ability of the models to predict random hold‐out samples of the data, there was no correspondence between these and the scores given by the experts and no apparent correlation between AUC and species prevalence. Crowd‐sourcing further assessments by allowing web‐based access to model fits is an obvious next step. To this end, we developed an online application for inspecting and evaluating the fit of each niche surface to its training data.
Simon M. Smart; Susan Jarvis; Toshie Mizunuma; Cristina Herrero‐Jáuregui; Zhou Fang; Adam Butler; Jamie Alison; Mike Wilson; Robert H. Marrs. Assessment of a large number of empirical plant species niche models by elicitation of knowledge from two national experts. Ecology and Evolution 2019, 9, 12858 -12868.
AMA StyleSimon M. Smart, Susan Jarvis, Toshie Mizunuma, Cristina Herrero‐Jáuregui, Zhou Fang, Adam Butler, Jamie Alison, Mike Wilson, Robert H. Marrs. Assessment of a large number of empirical plant species niche models by elicitation of knowledge from two national experts. Ecology and Evolution. 2019; 9 (22):12858-12868.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimon M. Smart; Susan Jarvis; Toshie Mizunuma; Cristina Herrero‐Jáuregui; Zhou Fang; Adam Butler; Jamie Alison; Mike Wilson; Robert H. Marrs. 2019. "Assessment of a large number of empirical plant species niche models by elicitation of knowledge from two national experts." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 22: 12858-12868.
The authors would like to make the following corrections to their published paper
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; María Fernanda Reyes; Marta Telesnicki; Ignacio Agramonte; Marcos H. Easdale; María Fe Schmitz; Martín Aguiar; Antonio Gómez-Sal; Carlos Montes. Erratum: Herrero-Jáuregui et al., What do We Talk about When We Talk about Social–Ecological Systems? A Literature Review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2950. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4015 .
AMA StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, María Fernanda Reyes, Marta Telesnicki, Ignacio Agramonte, Marcos H. Easdale, María Fe Schmitz, Martín Aguiar, Antonio Gómez-Sal, Carlos Montes. Erratum: Herrero-Jáuregui et al., What do We Talk about When We Talk about Social–Ecological Systems? A Literature Review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2950. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; María Fernanda Reyes; Marta Telesnicki; Ignacio Agramonte; Marcos H. Easdale; María Fe Schmitz; Martín Aguiar; Antonio Gómez-Sal; Carlos Montes. 2019. "Erratum: Herrero-Jáuregui et al., What do We Talk about When We Talk about Social–Ecological Systems? A Literature Review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2950." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4015.
Rural cultural landscapes are social–ecological systems that have been shaped by traditional human land uses in a co-evolution process between nature and culture. Protected areas should be an effective way to protect cultural landscapes and support the way of life and the economy of the local population. However, nature conservation policymaking processes and management guidelines frequently do not take culturalness into account. Through a new quantitative approach, this paper analyzes the regulatory framework of two protected areas under different management categories, located in an ancient cultural landscape of the Madrid Region (Central Spain), to identify the similarities in their conservation commitments and the effectiveness of their zoning schemes. The results show some arbitrariness in the design and management of these parks, highlighting the importance of prohibited measures in their zoning schemes that encourage uses and activities more related to naturalness than to culturalness. The recognition of protected areas as cultural landscapes and their management considering both naturalness and culturalness issues are important methods of better achieving sustainable management objectives from a social–ecological approach. This methodological approach has proven useful to unravel various legislative content, and its application on a larger scale could reveal important information for the sound management of protected areas (PAs) in cultural landscapes.
Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Francisco D. Pineda; María F. Schmitz. Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2871 .
AMA StylePatricio Sarmiento-Mateos, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Francisco D. Pineda, María F. Schmitz. Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2871.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio Sarmiento-Mateos; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Francisco D. Pineda; María F. Schmitz. 2019. "Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2871.
Urban–rural gradients provide a suitable framework for studying the provision of urban and rural ecosystem services (ES), linked to social welfare. Landscape structure (LS) changes along urban–rural gradients but our understanding of the effects of LS on ES remains at an early stage. We have quantified the relationship between changes in LS and ES supply along an urban–rural gradient in Central Spain, and compared the intensity of change with the land conservation status, degree of urbanization and proximity to Madrid city. We inferred the provision of ES at municipality level based on proxies from socio-economic data and land use maps, and characterized LS through metrics calculated from Corine land cover maps at two dates. We used Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Generalized Linear Models to analyse the data. There was a marked tendency for change in 20 years towards heterogeneous and poorly connected landscapes. This structural change appeared associated with trade-offs in ES, consisting of a loss of provisioning and regulating services inherent to agricultural and silvo-pastoral landscapes in favour of tourist-cultural and accommodation services, recently demanded by a growing urban population. The intensity of this change was favoured by urbanization processes, the proximity to the city, and restrictive protection measures linked to supramunicipal land management conservation plans. Our results question the effectiveness of long-term conservation measures taken in Spain to protect cultural landscapes. The innovative approach we use to analyse LS–ES coupling along urban–rural gradients provides a powerful tool for social-ecological land planning.
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Lorena Herrera; Simon M. Smart; Carlos Montes; Francisco D. Pineda; Maria Fe Schmitz. Aligning landscape structure with ecosystem services along an urban–rural gradient. Trade-offs and transitions towards cultural services. Landscape Ecology 2018, 34, 1525 -1545.
AMA StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Lorena Herrera, Simon M. Smart, Carlos Montes, Francisco D. Pineda, Maria Fe Schmitz. Aligning landscape structure with ecosystem services along an urban–rural gradient. Trade-offs and transitions towards cultural services. Landscape Ecology. 2018; 34 (7):1525-1545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Lorena Herrera; Simon M. Smart; Carlos Montes; Francisco D. Pineda; Maria Fe Schmitz. 2018. "Aligning landscape structure with ecosystem services along an urban–rural gradient. Trade-offs and transitions towards cultural services." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 7: 1525-1545.
Traditional rural landscapes host a biocultural heritage acquired by rural societies, developed in a secular adaptation with nature. Hedgerows play a key role in preserving biocultural diversity and associated ecosystem services. Despite their benefits, in some European regions inappropriate hedge management has led to a drastic degradation of hedgerows, with significant effects on natural and biocultural diversity, landscape connectivity and sustainable flow of ecosystem services. In Central Spain, an ancient hedgerow landscape constitutes a valuable natural and cultural heritage recognized by the establishment of different protection categories. We quantify the main tendency of change of this landscape over time, detecting a process of rural social-ecological decoupling both inside and outside protected areas. The hedgerow network has progressively been degraded and destructured together with the decline and local extinction of woody species, all of them of traditional use and some recorded in red lists for species conservation. This reveals weaknesses in the design and management plans of protected areas that should be effective in conserving the heritage of cultural landscapes and their valuable biocultural diversity and provision of ecosystem services. There is a need to elaborate regulations for the protection of hedgerow landscapes in the Spanish legislation, based on social-ecological relationships.
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; María F. Schmitz. Losing a heritage hedgerow landscape. Biocultural diversity conservation in a changing social-ecological Mediterranean system. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 637-638, 374 -384.
AMA StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, María F. Schmitz. Losing a heritage hedgerow landscape. Biocultural diversity conservation in a changing social-ecological Mediterranean system. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 637-638 ():374-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; María F. Schmitz. 2018. "Losing a heritage hedgerow landscape. Biocultural diversity conservation in a changing social-ecological Mediterranean system." Science of The Total Environment 637-638, no. : 374-384.
As most of Europe’s metropolitan landscapes grow, a change is occurring in their surrounding rural environment. The consequences thereof mainly involve losses of traditional land uses and changes in the socioecomic structures of the local population. The lack of coupling ‘urban society-countryside’ can be considered to constitute a driving force of this process. The present paper focuses upon the rural-urban network around the metropolis of Madrid (Central Spain). We developed a quantitative model to explain the socio-ecological rural-urban linkages, taking into account the influence of the metropolis in the network of neighbouring municipalities. The results show a rural landscape gradient ranging from silvo-pastoral to agricultural land uses and maintaining different interactions with the local socioeconomy. Urban-rural polarisation of the territory and accessibility to the metropolis are the main factors influencing the landscape dynamics. Territorial cohesion among municipalities and connectivity with the metropolis are factors determining the socio-ecological structure. The agricultural area presents good social cohesion, but a weak connection with the City. The silvo-pastoral landscape, on the contrary, maintains prominent links with the metropolis, but a non-significant interconnection between the small towns. The model tested constitutes a useful tool for analysing socio-ecological connectivity and for quantifying, designing and promoting territorial cohesion policies.
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Pablo Díaz; Diego Ruiz-Labourdette; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Mercedes Molina; Carlos Montes; Francisco D. Pineda; María Schmitz. Modelling of socio-ecological connectivity. The rural-urban network in the surroundings of Madrid (Central Spain). Urban Ecosystems 2018, 21, 1199 -1212.
AMA StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Pablo Díaz, Diego Ruiz-Labourdette, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Mercedes Molina, Carlos Montes, Francisco D. Pineda, María Schmitz. Modelling of socio-ecological connectivity. The rural-urban network in the surroundings of Madrid (Central Spain). Urban Ecosystems. 2018; 21 (6):1199-1212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Pablo Díaz; Diego Ruiz-Labourdette; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Mercedes Molina; Carlos Montes; Francisco D. Pineda; María Schmitz. 2018. "Modelling of socio-ecological connectivity. The rural-urban network in the surroundings of Madrid (Central Spain)." Urban Ecosystems 21, no. 6: 1199-1212.
In the last decade, probably in response to global changes and the environmental crisis, the use of the term “social-ecological system” (SES) in scientific literature has grown. This is certainly a sign that the need and importance of transdisciplinary research has been recognized. Here, we explore whether the use of the term is a buzzword or, rather, actually represents a key concept in the integration of social and ecological research. We compiled a database of publications (N = 1289) that mentioned SES in the title, keywords and Subsequently, we analyzed the authors’ affiliations, type of work (conceptual, empirical or review), study site, prevailing human use, temporal and spatial scales of the analysis, kind of variables analyzed (socioeconomic or biophysical), and the method/s used to integrate them. We detected four time spans in the use of the term (1975–1997, 1998–2006, 2007–2012, 2013–2016). Our results suggest that SES is a widely invoked concept in the study of the interface between social and ecological systems. Most works show some common elements, such as the analysis of resilience, ecosystem services, sustainability, governance and adaptive management. However, the majority of studies do not study SES as a whole, integrating both social and ecological variables and their feedback loops. We consider SES as a concept still in construction in order to build a necessary framework for the integration of social and ecological sciences. For a robust evolution, we recommend that one focus on: (i) A conscious, discussed and agreed effort of scientists to conduct the transdisciplinary research needed to study SES; and (ii) the development of methodological tools for the true integration of social and ecological data.
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; María Fernanda Reyes; Marta Telesnicki; Ignacio Agramonte; Marcos H. Easdale; María Fe Schmitz; Martín Aguiar; Antonio Gómez-Sal; Carlos Montes. What do We Talk about When We Talk about Social-Ecological Systems? A Literature Review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2950 .
AMA StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, María Fernanda Reyes, Marta Telesnicki, Ignacio Agramonte, Marcos H. Easdale, María Fe Schmitz, Martín Aguiar, Antonio Gómez-Sal, Carlos Montes. What do We Talk about When We Talk about Social-Ecological Systems? A Literature Review. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; María Fernanda Reyes; Marta Telesnicki; Ignacio Agramonte; Marcos H. Easdale; María Fe Schmitz; Martín Aguiar; Antonio Gómez-Sal; Carlos Montes. 2018. "What do We Talk about When We Talk about Social-Ecological Systems? A Literature Review." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2950.
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Luis Santos; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Pablo Díaz; Francisco D. Pineda; María Schmitz. RURAL TOURISM: CROSSROADS BETWEEN NATURE, SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL DECOUPLING AND URBAN SPRAWL. Sustainable Tourism VIII 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Luis Santos, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Pablo Díaz, Francisco D. Pineda, María Schmitz. RURAL TOURISM: CROSSROADS BETWEEN NATURE, SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL DECOUPLING AND URBAN SPRAWL. Sustainable Tourism VIII. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Luis Santos; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Pablo Díaz; Francisco D. Pineda; María Schmitz. 2018. "RURAL TOURISM: CROSSROADS BETWEEN NATURE, SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL DECOUPLING AND URBAN SPRAWL." Sustainable Tourism VIII , no. : 1.
Most of our knowledge of the effect of grazing on grassland structure is based on grazed-ungrazed contrasts. The effects of grazing in the most common scenario, where grazing intensity varies from low to high grazing intensity, are less known. The objectives of this paper were to 1) quantify the effect of stocking rates on species richness and diversity of grasslands world-wide, and 2) evaluate the response under different environmental and experimental conditions. We conducted a meta-analysis of experiments with at least two levels of controlled stocking rates and evaluated their effect on species richness and diversity. The results showed that the response of richness and diversity to either reducing or increasing stocking rate from a moderate level mostly fell within the range ± 25% or ± 5 species. Mean response of species richness and diversity to increasing stocking rate from moderate to high levels was negative. Mean response to lowering stocking rate from moderate levels was not different from zero. However, overall, species richness significantly decreased as stocking rate increased. The response of richness and diversity to stocking rate was not related to mean precipitation, productivity or aridity. However, the most negative responses of richness to stocking rate were larger in arid, low productivity systems than in subhumid and humid systems. The effects of grazing on richness and diversity found in this review were smaller than the effects on species composition shown by the literature. Thus, grazing drastically changes species composition, but the net change of species and diversity is much smaller. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Martín Oesterheld. Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: a meta-analysis. Oikos 2018, 127, 757 -766.
AMA StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Martín Oesterheld. Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: a meta-analysis. Oikos. 2018; 127 (6):757-766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Martín Oesterheld. 2018. "Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: a meta-analysis." Oikos 127, no. 6: 757-766.
SUMMARYThis paper analyses the interdependence between environment and society in terms of socio-ecological webs, in which human and biophysical systems are linked. A quantitative model, based on canonical correlation analysis applied in Fuerteventura Island (Canary Archipelago), detected indicators of human–landscape relationships and predicted potential shifts based on simulated environmental changes. In the last few decades, the landscape of Fuerteventura Island has changed: natural components and cultural agrarian uses have decreased, while the population has increased due to immigration, mainly from mainland Spain and other European countries. The island shows a transition from a coupled local socio-ecosystem to one based on the interaction between environment and coastal tourism that decouples native inhabitants from the landscape and traditional land-use practices. As vulnerability and adaptation to climate change represent critical sets of potential interactions in Canary Islands, a model and a map of the socio-ecological system under four Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios show rural decoupling through ‘deagrarianization’ and ‘deruralization’, as well as stronger links to the tourism system.
María Schmitz; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Pablo Díaz; Daniela Gaspar Garcia de Matos; Francisco D. Pineda. People and nature in the Fuerteventura Biosphere Reserve (Canary Islands): socio-ecological relationships under climate change. Environmental Conservation 2017, 45, 20 -29.
AMA StyleMaría Schmitz, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Pablo Díaz, Daniela Gaspar Garcia de Matos, Francisco D. Pineda. People and nature in the Fuerteventura Biosphere Reserve (Canary Islands): socio-ecological relationships under climate change. Environmental Conservation. 2017; 45 (1):20-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Schmitz; Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Pablo Díaz; Daniela Gaspar Garcia de Matos; Francisco D. Pineda. 2017. "People and nature in the Fuerteventura Biosphere Reserve (Canary Islands): socio-ecological relationships under climate change." Environmental Conservation 45, no. 1: 20-29.
Hedgerows are key features in agricultural landscapes performing diverse functions that are both economically and ecologically significant. Here, we quantify how the characteristics of a relict hedgerow network of a Spanish cultural landscape (Guadarrama mountains in the north of Madrid region) have changed over a single decade both inside and outside the boundaries of a Protected Area, the aim of which is to conserve cultural uses and biodiversity. A gradient of abandonment of pasture systems was detected, including a decline and loss of woody species from hedgerows associated with grazed areas towards shrub encroachment zones. These tendencies were similar inside and outside the boundaries of the Protected Area. The results highlight the management weaknesses of the Protected Area in order to achieve its objectives. Based on the results, we propose to include a specific conservation status for hedgerow landscapes in the regulatory framework of Spanish protected areas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
María Schmitz; Cristina Herrero‐Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz‐Schmitz; Iván A. Sánchez; Alejandro J. Rescia; Francisco D. Pineda. Evaluating the Role of a Protected Area on Hedgerow Conservation: The Case of a Spanish Cultural Landscape. Land Degradation & Development 2016, 28, 833 -842.
AMA StyleMaría Schmitz, Cristina Herrero‐Jáuregui, Cecilia Arnaiz‐Schmitz, Iván A. Sánchez, Alejandro J. Rescia, Francisco D. Pineda. Evaluating the Role of a Protected Area on Hedgerow Conservation: The Case of a Spanish Cultural Landscape. Land Degradation & Development. 2016; 28 (3):833-842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Schmitz; Cristina Herrero‐Jáuregui; Cecilia Arnaiz‐Schmitz; Iván A. Sánchez; Alejandro J. Rescia; Francisco D. Pineda. 2016. "Evaluating the Role of a Protected Area on Hedgerow Conservation: The Case of a Spanish Cultural Landscape." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 3: 833-842.
QuestionsWhat is the effect of a range of controlled stocking rates on plant species richness and diversity?LocationSubtropical grasslands of Corrientes, Argentina, South America.MethodsWe studied the effect of three controlled stocking rates (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 cow equivalents·ha−1) on species diversity and composition during 8 yr. We calculated species diversity using the antilog of the Shannon-Wiener index, and considered its two components, richness and evenness. We also assessed the proportion of prostrate and erect species. Species abundance was based on biomass estimations.ResultsSpecies diversity under high stocking rates gradually decreased throughout the experiment and became nearly 50% lower than under low stocking rate. This decline was largely accounted for by changes of evenness because species richness was not affected by stocking rates. Species composition clearly diverged among the three treatments over time. Low stocking rate maintained a fairly constant relative cover of erect and prostrate grasses throughout the experiment, whereas intermediate and high stocking rate treatments were gradually and consistently enriched in prostrate grasses and forbs. These effects occurred simultaneously with drastic inter-annual changes likely driven by annual precipitation.ConclusionsThe range of stocking rates had no effect on species richness, but reduced diversity through the effect on evenness. High stocking rate progressively increased the proportion of prostrate species in the biomass.
Rafael Pizzio; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Martín Oesterheld. Impact of stocking rate on species diversity and composition of a subtropical grassland in Argentina. Applied Vegetation Science 2016, 19, 454 -461.
AMA StyleRafael Pizzio, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Martín Oesterheld. Impact of stocking rate on species diversity and composition of a subtropical grassland in Argentina. Applied Vegetation Science. 2016; 19 (3):454-461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Pizzio; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Martín Oesterheld. 2016. "Impact of stocking rate on species diversity and composition of a subtropical grassland in Argentina." Applied Vegetation Science 19, no. 3: 454-461.
We studied the effect of clipping on above- and below-ground production in different plant communities through a factorial experiment. We designed five pasture systems with different species composition, perennials/annuals ratio and soil water availability, recreating different altitudinal locations, and simulated a gradient of grazing intensity by clipping with different heights and frequencies. Response patterns of above- and below-ground production were similar, increasing with the higher clipping frequency and decreasing with altitude. These results suggest that high grazing intensity stimulate above-ground production, but only in certain situations of species composition, density, diversity, perennials/annuals ratio and water availability. This stimulus, however, is unsustainable over time, and the lower clipping frequencies are those that favour the maintenance of production.
C. Herrero-Jáuregui; María Schmitz; F.D. Pineda. Effects of different clipping intensities on above- and below-ground production in simulated herbaceous plant communities. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 2014, 150, 468 -476.
AMA StyleC. Herrero-Jáuregui, María Schmitz, F.D. Pineda. Effects of different clipping intensities on above- and below-ground production in simulated herbaceous plant communities. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2014; 150 (3):468-476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Herrero-Jáuregui; María Schmitz; F.D. Pineda. 2014. "Effects of different clipping intensities on above- and below-ground production in simulated herbaceous plant communities." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 150, no. 3: 468-476.
In the context of multiple forest management, multipurpose tree species which provide both timber and non-timber forest products (NTFP), present particular challenges as the potential of conflicting use for either product may be high. One key aspect is that the magnitude of conflict of use can be location specific, thus adding complexity to policy development. This paper focuses on the extent to which the potential for conflict of use in multipurpose tree species varies across the Amazonian lowland forests shared by Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, emphasizing the economic dimension of conflict. Based on a review of the current normative and regulatory aspects of timber and NTFP extraction in the five countries, the paper also briefly discusses the opportunities and constraints for harmonization of timber and NTFP management of multipurpose species across the region. It was found that about half of the 336 timber species reviewed across the five countries also have non-timber uses. Eleven timber species are multipurpose in all five countries: Calophyllum brasiliense, Cedrela odorata, Ceiba pentandra, Clarisia racemosa, Ficus insipida, Jacaranda copaia, Schefflera morototoni, Simarouba amara and Terminalia amazonia. Seven other multipurpose species occurred only in either Venezuela (Tabebuia impetiginosa, Spondias mombin, Pentaclethra macroloba, Copaifera officinalis, Chlorophora tinctoria, Carapa guianensis) or Ecuador (Tabebuia chrysantha). Four multipurpose tree species presented the highest potential of conflict of use across the region: Dipteryx odorata, Tabebuia serratifolia, Hymenaea courbaril and Myroxylon balsamum yet these were not evenly distributed across all five countries. None of the five studied countries have specific legislation to promote sustainable use of any of the multipurpose species reported here and thus mitigate potential conflict of use; nor documented management options for integration or else segregation of both their timber and NTFP values.
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Manuel R. Guariguata; Dairon Cárdenas; Emilio Vilanova; Marco Robles; Juan Carlos Licona; Walter Nalvarte. Assessing the extent of “conflict of use” in multipurpose tropical forest trees: A regional view. Journal of Environmental Management 2013, 130, 40 -47.
AMA StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Manuel R. Guariguata, Dairon Cárdenas, Emilio Vilanova, Marco Robles, Juan Carlos Licona, Walter Nalvarte. Assessing the extent of “conflict of use” in multipurpose tropical forest trees: A regional view. Journal of Environmental Management. 2013; 130 ():40-47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Manuel R. Guariguata; Dairon Cárdenas; Emilio Vilanova; Marco Robles; Juan Carlos Licona; Walter Nalvarte. 2013. "Assessing the extent of “conflict of use” in multipurpose tropical forest trees: A regional view." Journal of Environmental Management 130, no. : 40-47.
Copaifera species produce an oleoresin of commercial importance that is widely extracted in Amazon communities.
Karina Martins; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Patrícia Da Costa; Helio Tonini; Michelliny De M. Bentes-Gama; Abadio H. Vieira; Lúcia Helena De O. Wadt. Interspecific differences in the oleoresin production of Copaifera L. (Fabaceae) in the Amazon rainforest. Annals of Forest Science 2012, 70, 319 -328.
AMA StyleKarina Martins, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Patrícia Da Costa, Helio Tonini, Michelliny De M. Bentes-Gama, Abadio H. Vieira, Lúcia Helena De O. Wadt. Interspecific differences in the oleoresin production of Copaifera L. (Fabaceae) in the Amazon rainforest. Annals of Forest Science. 2012; 70 (3):319-328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Martins; Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Patrícia Da Costa; Helio Tonini; Michelliny De M. Bentes-Gama; Abadio H. Vieira; Lúcia Helena De O. Wadt. 2012. "Interspecific differences in the oleoresin production of Copaifera L. (Fabaceae) in the Amazon rainforest." Annals of Forest Science 70, no. 3: 319-328.
This article analyses the density, spatial distribution, and diameter structure of two neotropical tree species, Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. and Copaifera reticulata Ducke, in undisturbed forests, logged forests, and forests used for the extraction of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Both species are commercially harvested for timber and non-timber products which can fetch high prices on national and international markets. In undisturbed forests, both species display a low tree density, a random adult tree distribution pattern and a flat diameter structure, or one biased towards larger trees. The random spatial distribution pattern did not vary in the three types of forests analysed, whereas individual density and diameter structure did. The NTFP extraction areas exhibited the highest population densities for both species. In the logged forests, there was a lower density of very large D. odorata trees, while the areas used for D. odorata seed extraction showed a drastic reduction in the frequency of young trees. The results of this study seem to suggest that oil extraction from C. reticulata does not have any effect on the regeneration of that species, whereas D. odorata seed collection could affect the viability of populations. (Résumé d'auteur
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Plinio Sist; Miguel A. Casado. Population structure of two low-density neotropical tree species under different management systems. Forest Ecology and Management 2012, 280, 31 -39.
AMA StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui, Plinio Sist, Miguel A. Casado. Population structure of two low-density neotropical tree species under different management systems. Forest Ecology and Management. 2012; 280 ():31-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Herrero-Jáuregui; Plinio Sist; Miguel A. Casado. 2012. "Population structure of two low-density neotropical tree species under different management systems." Forest Ecology and Management 280, no. : 31-39.